In September 2024, the global PMI amounted to 47.5 for new export orders and 48.8 for manufacturing. The manufacturing PMI was at its lowest point in August 2020. It decreased over the last months of 2022 after the effects of the Russia-Ukraine war and rising inflation hit the world economy, and remained around 50 since.

On Monday, March 9, 2020, the Dow Jones and S&P 500 dropped significantly in response to the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, causing the New York Stock Exchange to halt trading for 15 minutes. According to a recent survey, 21 percent of American adults believe that this COVID-19 related stock market drop will have a strong impact on the American economy in the long term.

Abstract

To understand the socio-economic impact of COVID-19 and associated government measures over the long term, the third round of the COVID-19 National Panel Phone Survey 2020 was collected by the National Institute of Statistics of Djibouti (INSD) between December 20, 2020 and February 2, 2021. Various channels of impact are explored such as job loss, availability and price changes of basic food items, ability to access healthcare, and food insecurity. New sections on the attitudes toward a potential vaccine and shock coping strategies have also been added (compared to the second round).

Note that a sample of 564 refugee households living in Djibouti has been collected during the same time frame and using the same questionnaire. This data set will be available for download separately on the microdata library.

Geographic coverage

Urban areas only. The survey is representative of the bottom 80 percent of the consumption distribution of the national households (thus the top 20 percent are excluded). It is representative by poverty status and by three domains of Balbala, rest of Djibouti city and urban areas outside Djibouti city.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual

Universe

The survey covers national households that reported telephone numbers, are included in the social registry data collected by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Solidarity (MASS) and have been interviewed after 2017.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

As a recently conducted representative household survey with telephone numbers was not available, data from the national social registry collected by the Ministry of Social Affairs (MASS) was used as the sampling frame of the national sample. The social registry is an official database of households in Djibouti that may benefit from public transfers and be particular targets of poverty alleviation efforts. The sample consists of households drawn randomly from the social registry data restricted to urban households having at least one phone number and interviewed after July 1, 2017. The sample design is a one-stage probability sample selected from the sampling frame and stratified along two dimensions: the survey domain (three categories) and the poverty status (binary). This yields six independent strata. Within each stratum, households are selected with the same ex-ante probability, but this differs across strata. With a non-response rate averaging 26 percent for the national households, the third wave consisted of 1,383 interviewed national households with complete information that were representative of the urban national population, out of which 990 households were also interviewed in the two first waves, 190 were added as replacement households in the second wave and re-interviewed in the third one, and 203 were added as replacement households in the third wave.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]

Research instrument

The questionnaire of the third round is adapted from the questionnaire of the second round and in accordance with the template questionnaire prepared by the Poverty and Equity GP to measure the impact of COVID-19 on household welfare. It was designed in French and dispensed in local language (Afar, Arabic, Somali, French or other). The questionnaire includes the following sections: - Household roster - Employment - Household's income sources - Needs - Access to services - Safety nets - Food insecurity - Shock coping strategies - Vaccine attitudes

Cleaning operations

The CSPro CATI data entry application helped to enforce skip and range patterns during data collection. Standard consistency checks (like age differences between parents and children and unicity of household heads) were carried out at the time of the data collection. Because the entry application was strictly system-controlled, complete cases including missing items were avoided. The various checks resulted in a limited need for secondary data editing, which eventually entailed two main steps from the WB team. First, duplicated names of household members, who were otherwise distinct, were corrected by adding a suffix “bis” to the names. Second, after analysis of text responses mentioned in the residual “other” categories, a few items codes were adjusted (not exceeding 10 in any category).

Response rate

The response rate among the national sample was about 74.3 percent with 1,383 interviewed national households. Slight differences were observed across location, with districts 1, 2 and 3 of Djibouti city more likely to respond than other locations (response rate at 76.4 percent versus 75.9 and 70.5 percent, respectively in Balbala and the other urban areas).

This dataset pertains to a research project investigating the social, cultural, and economic consequences of COVID19 on independent arts workers, specifically in the theatre sector, across England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The project recognised the unique vulnerability of this workforce in dealing with the impact of COVID19. Their workplaces closed overnight and their sector transformed as theatres moved to digital delivery, and their employment status (freelance) made them ineligible for the UK government’s Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme. The motivation of the project was to understand: the employment experiences of this workforce during the first 18 months of the pandemic; how the pandemic affected their planning for the future; how the pandemic changed their creative practices and skills; what impact government and sectoral policy had on the workforce; and to find strategies for government and industry to support this precarious workforce.

This data collection includes survey responses (n=397) to an online survey which ran from 23/11/2020 to 19/03/2021, and a database of policy events covering the period from the onset of the pandemic until 27/5/2022 (n=1353). This collection contains the survey data. The survey was run through the JISC surveys platform. It had 34 questions collecting a mixture of qualitative and quantitative data. Freeform text responses were alternated with multiple choice, multi-option and Likert scale. The survey captured data on theatre freelancers employment, emotional, and cultural experiences, the region(s) and setting(s) where they worked, and their age, gender identity, race, occupation(s).

COVID-19 threatens the performing arts; closures of theatres and outlawing of public gatherings have proven financially devastating to the industry across the United Kingdom and, indeed, the world. The pandemic has sparked a wide range of industry-led strategies designed to alleviate financial consequences and improve audience capture amidst social distancing. COVID-19 has affected all levels of the sector but poses an existential threat to freelancers--Independent Arts Workers (IAWs)--who make up 60% of industry workforce in the UK (EU Labour Force Survey 2017). The crisis has put a spotlight on the vulnerable working conditions, economic sustainability, mental wellbeing, and community support networks of IAWs. IAWs are often overlooked by the industry and researchers, however it is their very precarity that makes them pioneers of adaptability responsible for key innovation within the sector. IAWs may prove essential for the industry's regrowth post-COVID-19. An investigation is necessary into the impact of COVID-19 on IAWs and the wide-ranging creative solutions developing within the industry to overcome them.

There has been increasing pressure to gather 'robust, real-time data' to investigate the financial, cultural, and social potential long-term consequences of COVID-19 on the UK theatre industry. The impact of the pandemic on IAWs is particularly complex and wide-ranging. A TRG Arts survey stated that 60% of IAWs predict their income will 'more than halve in 2020' while 50% have had 100% of their work cancelled. Industry researchers from TRG Arts and Theatres Trust have launched investigations examining the financial impact of COVID-19 on commercial venues and National Portfolio Organisations, but there has been insufficient research into the consequences for IAWs (eg. actors, directors, producers, writers, theatre makers, technicians) and the smaller SMEs beyond income loss and project cancellation data. In May 2020, Vicky Featherstone of the Royal Court Theatre, stated the importance of support for the 'massive freelance and self-employed workforce' she believed has been 'taken for granted' by the industry. Our study fills this gap by capturing and analysing not only the economic impact, but the social and cultural transformations caused by COVID-19 by and for IAWs. We will compare regional responses across England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland as well as variations across racial and socio-economic groups. Our aims are to document and investigate the impact of COVID-19 on IAWs, identify inequalities in the sector, investigate changes in the type of work produced post-COVID-19, and help develop strategies for how the sector can move forward from this crisis. We will investigate connections between the financial consequences of COVID-19 and creative strategies for industry survival including social support networks, communication initiatives between arts venues and IAWs, and the development of mixed-media work in the wake of the pandemic. Our study scrutinizes the economic, cultural, and social impact of COVID-19 on IAWs and the organisations that serve them with the aim of informing strategies for sector recovery.

An increase in morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 in 2020-2022 has forced various countries to introduce lockdowns. Due to unfavorable economic consequences, this measure often caused a negative attitude toward the population, leading to sabotage and even protests. In this study, we question whether it is possible to change the population's attitude towards lockdown by emphasizing economic loss prevention. Based on the results of an online survey of 23,064 residents of Russia, we show that mentioning the negative economic consequences of a lockdown reduces the level of support for it. In contrast, mentioning the possibility of avoiding long-term negative consequences for the economy reinforces this support. The influence of economic loss prevention treatment holds for the poor and people with full-time employment, although these are groups that the lockdown can affect in the first place. Moreover, we show that economic loss prevention treatment can even influence people's opinions who were initially firmly against the lockdown. However, loss prevention treatment is not significant for people who have already experienced the pandemic's direct negative economic consequences.

According to this survey conducted in Italy in July 2020, 62 percent of Italian firms expected their company to suffer a decrease in revenue within the year because of the effects of COVID-19. This was the impact of COVID-19 that was considered likely to happen by the largest share of respondents. Postponements of hiring and investments followed with 30 percent of the respondents approximately. However, only for four percent of the respondents the complete shut-down of their business was conceivable as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, for 16 percent of the interviewees COVID-19 was not expected to have any negative impact on their company.

Because of COVID-19, many incoming first-year college students and even some upperclassmen chose to take a gap year. Prior to the pandemic, taking a gap year was already a path many students took, but there is now an indefinite rise of students taking this path. In this paper, researchers sought to understand the differences between taking a gap year pre-COVID-19 vs. during Covid-19? We hope to answer how gap years affect students' learning and academic patterns and analyze socio-economic factors such as family's financial capacities and on-campus housing. Moreover, it is also crucial to examine the long-term impacts of the increase in gap years. What will happen to tuition, higher-education availability, and the importance of college? We aimed to answer all of these questions through a series of surveys.

COVID-19 is an economic shock analogous to the global financial crisis. Now, as then, there will be short-term changes as life, industry, and people adjust, but also more long-term structural changes that will live on long after COVID-19 has passed. This presents opportunities for decisive banks to right-size branch networks, optimize the digital experience, and establish sustainability credentials, thus emerging in a stronger position. But many banks will have been blindsided by this issue, which is evolving in fast and unpredictable ways. As in 2008, banks risk being immobilized by uncertainty, or getting caught in constant firefights that prevent a more considered, strategic response. And the costs of any missteps will be much higher than in 2008, as a variety of banking alternatives – including new digital banks, telcos, and tech companies – are poised and ready to grab market share. Read More

The data and programs replicate tables and figures from "The short-term economic consequences of COVID-19: Occupation tasks and mental health in Canada", by Beland, Brodeur, Mikola, and Wright. Please see the ReadMe file for additional details.

The policy timeline was developed as a dataset for the Freelancers in the Dark Project by Ali FitzGibbon and Laura Harris with support from Alexandra Young. Using public statements, media coverage and online reporting, it marks dates of relevance to the experience of theatre freelancers between January 2020 (when certain early reporting of COVID-19 began to emerge) and March 2022, the 2 year anniversary of the UK outbreak and lockdowns and end of the research project. The timeline was published using the open-source tool developed by knight lab. An early version was published in June 2021 and contributions invited. The final version was completed on 28 June 2022. Events are labelled according to their place of relevance: UK, England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland or Global. The raw dataset (in MS Excel) can be filtered to support searches for particular changes to guidance, key campaigns from freelancers, trade unions, etc.

COVID-19 threatens the performing arts; closures of theatres and outlawing of public gatherings have proven financially devastating to the industry across the United Kingdom and, indeed, the world. The pandemic has sparked a wide range of industry-led strategies designed to alleviate financial consequences and improve audience capture amidst social distancing. COVID-19 has affected all levels of the sector but poses an existential threat to freelancers--Independent Arts Workers (IAWs)--who make up 60% of industry workforce in the UK (EU Labour Force Survey 2017). The crisis has put a spotlight on the vulnerable working conditions, economic sustainability, mental wellbeing, and community support networks of IAWs. IAWs are often overlooked by the industry and researchers, however it is their very precarity that makes them pioneers of adaptability responsible for key innovation within the sector. IAWs may prove essential for the industry's regrowth post-COVID-19. An investigation is necessary into the impact of COVID-19 on IAWs and the wide-ranging creative solutions developing within the industry to overcome them.

There has been increasing pressure to gather 'robust, real-time data' to investigate the financial, cultural, and social potential long-term consequences of COVID-19 on the UK theatre industry. The impact of the pandemic on IAWs is particularly complex and wide-ranging. A TRG Arts survey stated that 60% of IAWs predict their income will 'more than halve in 2020' while 50% have had 100% of their work cancelled. Industry researchers from TRG Arts and Theatres Trust have launched investigations examining the financial impact of COVID-19 on commercial venues and National Portfolio Organisations, but there has been insufficient research into the consequences for IAWs (eg. actors, directors, producers, writers, theatre makers, technicians) and the smaller SMEs beyond income loss and project cancellation data. In May 2020, Vicky Featherstone of the Royal Court Theatre, stated the importance of support for the 'massive freelance and self-employed workforce' she believed has been 'taken for granted' by the industry. Our study fills this gap by capturing and analysing not only the economic impact, but the social and cultural transformations caused by COVID-19 by and for IAWs. We will compare regional responses across England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland as well as variations across racial and socio-economic groups. Our aims are to document and investigate the impact of COVID-19 on IAWs, identify inequalities in the sector, investigate changes in the type of work produced post-COVID-19, and help develop strategies for how the sector can move forward from this crisis. We will investigate connections between the financial consequences of COVID-19 and creative strategies for industry survival including social support networks, communication initiatives between arts venues and IAWs, and the development of mixed-media work in the wake of the pandemic. Our study scrutinizes the economic, cultural, and social impact of COVID-19 on IAWs and the organisations that serve them with the aim of informing strategies for sector recovery.

Understanding Society, (UK Household Longitudinal Study), which began in 2009, is conducted by the Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER) at the University of Essex and the survey research organisations Verian Group (formerly Kantar Public) and NatCen. It builds on and incorporates, the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), which began in 1991.

Understanding Society (UK Household Longitudinal Study), which began in 2009, is conducted by the Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER) at the University of Essex and the survey research organisations Kantar Public and NatCen. It builds on and incorporates, the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), which began in 1991.

The Understanding Society COVID-19 Study, 2020-2021 is a regular survey of households in the UK. The aim of the study is to enable research on the socio-economic and health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, in the short and long term. The surveys started in April 2020 and took place monthly until July 2020. From September 2020 they took place every other month until March 2021 and the final wave was fielded in September 2021. They complement the annual interviews of the Understanding Society study. The data can be linked to data on the same individuals from previous waves of the annual interviews (SN 6614) using the personal identifier pidp. However, the most recent pre-pandemic (2019) annual interviews for all respondents who have taken part in the COVID-19 Study are included as part of this data release. Please refer to the User Guide for further information on linking in this way and for geographical information options.

Latest edition information

For the eleventh edition (December 2021), revised April, May, June, July, September, November 2020, January 2021 and March 2021 data files for the adult survey have been deposited. These files have been amended to address issues identified during ongoing quality assurance activities. All documentation has been updated to explain the revisions, and users are advised to consult the documentation for details. In addition new data from the September 2021 web survey have been deposited.

In the short term, the impact of COVID-19 on consumer financial services will be analogous to the global financial crisis of 2008-09, creating a period of economic paralysis and leaving a massive hole in banks’ balance sheets. Read More

Micro, Small, and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) in Thailand were assessed in this study to determine the short-term and long-term economic effects of post-COVID- 19 -, with the goal of developing policy guidelines that focus on the methods and strategies that will further develop and help recover these sectors. MSMEs are the most vulnerable and require assistants to combat the pandemic. This study assesses the perspectives of stakeholders on the development of mechanisms and the strategies applied to support vulnerable groups in Thailand, which mostly consist of women and children. The main data collection was gathered through online questionnaires that were distributed to various stakeholder groups. The tools used for analysis were advanced quantitative analysis tools that aid in achieving this research study’s objectives, and data was examined primarily through the usage of path modeling, structural equation modeling (SEM), and descriptive analysis was among the methods used. The findings reveal that in the short term, MSMEs’ ability to respond to COVID-19 implications has a significant impact on both financial and non-financial performance. Non-financial performance, on the other hand, is more affected by adaptability than financial performance. Demand shock from lockdowns and other COVID-19 cautionary interventions has a negative and significant impact on MSMEs’ adaptability, financial performance, and non-financial performance. The demand shocks increased the vulnerability of MSMEs significantly but it was found that proper management of demand shock has helped stabilized and improve MSMEs’ financial and non-financial performances, as well as helped decrease their vulnerability. When it comes to government policy, the focus is usually on enhancing the flexibility and financial performance of MSMEs. The government’s legislative actions have little impact on MSMEs’ non-financial performance and vulnerability. This could be because the majority of the programs are more focused on providing financial assistance to businesses or their consumers. COVID-19’s supply and demand shock only hindered MSMEs’ ability to respond to the changes and challenges caused by the pandemic, according to vendors. The vulnerability of MSMEs caused by COVID-19 creates grave effects on their financial performance. The findings of this research paper will assist policymakers in identifying the most vulnerable aspects of MSMEs, as well as their expectations- and determine the forms of support that will be required to combat the current and future pandemic situations that may occur in Thailand. In addition, it will aid policymakers in the establishment of procedures and supporting strategies for MSMEs to reduce the unemployment rate and stimulate the Thai economy, among other factors of improvement.

Abstract

To understand the socio-economic impact of COVID-19 and associated government measures over the long term, the fourth round of the COVID-19 National Panel Phone Survey 2020 was collected by the National Institute of Statistics of Djibouti (INSD) between March 11 and April 25, 2021. Various channels of impact are explored such as job loss, availability and price changes of basic food items, ability to access healthcare and education, food insecurity. The survey also includes a section on gender issues, including time-use and decision making, as well as a section on attitudes towards COVID-19 Vaccine. Within households, a respondent was chosen at random between the household heads and spouses, allowing comparison between female and male respondents in the sample. Further, the education questions are asked for a randomly chosen boy or girl within the households that have children.

Geographic coverage

Urban areas only. The survey is representative of the bottom 80 percent of the consumption distribution of the national households (thus the top 20 percent are excluded). It is representative by poverty status and by three domains of Balbala, rest of Djibouti city and urban areas outside Djibouti city.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Individual

Universe

The survey covers national households that reported telephone numbers, are included in the social registry data collected by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Solidarity (MASS) and have been interviewed after 2017.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

As a recently conducted representative household survey with telephone numbers was not available, data from the national social registry collected by the Ministry of Social Affairs (MASS) was used as the sampling frame of the national sample. The social registry is an official database of households in Djibouti that may benefit from public transfers and be particular targets of poverty alleviation efforts. The sample consists of households drawn randomly from the social registry data restricted to urban households having at least one phone number and interviewed after July 1, 2017. The sample design is a one-stage probability sample selected from the sampling frame and stratified along two dimensions: the survey domain (three categories) and the poverty status (binary). This yields six independent strata. Within each stratum, households are selected with the same ex-ante probability but this differs across strata. The fourth wave sample consists of 1,561 respondents, 1,122 of which are panel households interviewed in wave 3, and 439 replacement households. The response rate of the whole sample stands at 71.8 percent. Unlike the third wave, in the fourth wave, households who were not reachable in wave 3 but were part of the first two waves, were considered as part of the sampling frame

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]

Research instrument

The questionnaire of the fourth round is adapted from the questionnaire of the third round and in accordance with the template questionnaire prepared by the Poverty and Equity GP to measure the impact of COVID-19 on household welfare. It was designed in French and dispensed in local languages (Afar, Arabic, Somali, French or other). The questionnaire includes the following sections: - Household Roster - Employment - Household's Income Sources - Access to Basic Goods - Access to Healthcare and Education - Food Insecurity - Vaccine Attitudes - Gender

Cleaning operations

The CsPro CATI data entry application helped to enforce skip and range patterns during data collection. Standard consistency checks (like age differences between parents and children and unicity of household heads) were carried out at the time of the data collection. Because the entry application was strictly system-controlled, complete cases including missing items were avoided. The various checks resulted in a limited need for secondary data editing, which eventually entailed two main steps from the WB team. First, duplicated names of household members, who were otherwise distinct, were corrected by adding a suffix “bis” to the names. Second, after analysis of text responses mentioned in the residual “other” categories, a few items codes were adjusted (not exceeding 10 in any category).

Response rate

The response rate of the whole sample stands at 71.8 percent, with variations across location. In Balbala region, the rate was 75.1 percent, in the rest of Djibouti City, 71.6 percent, in other urban areas, it was 68.8 percent.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

Understanding Society, (UK Household Longitudinal Study), which began in 2009, is conducted by the Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER) at the University of Essex and the survey research organisations Verian Group (formerly Kantar Public) and NatCen. It builds on and incorporates, the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), which began in 1991.

Understanding Society (UK Household Longitudinal Study), which began in 2009, is conducted by the Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER) at the University of Essex and the survey research organisations Kantar Public and NatCen. It builds on and incorporates, the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), which began in 1991.

The Understanding Society COVID-19 Study, 2020-2021 is a regular survey of households in the UK. The aim of the study is to enable research on the socio-economic and health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, in the short and long term. The surveys started in April 2020 and took place monthly until July 2020. From September 2020 they took place every other month until March 2021 and the final wave was fielded in September 2021. They complement the annual interviews of the Understanding Society study. The data can be linked to data on the same individuals from previous waves of the annual interviews (SN 6614) using the personal identifier pidp. However, the most recent pre-pandemic (2019) annual interviews for all respondents who have taken part in the COVID-19 Study are included as part of this data release. Please refer to the User Guide for further information on linking in this way and for geographical information options.

Latest edition information

For the eleventh edition (December 2021), revised April, May, June, July, September, November 2020, January 2021 and March 2021 data files for the adult survey have been deposited. These files have been amended to address issues identified during ongoing quality assurance activities. All documentation has been updated to explain the revisions, and users are advised to consult the documentation for details. In addition new data from the September 2021 web survey have been deposited.

The survey contains information about mental and physical health, health behaviours, caring, housing, employment, job search, income, education, family relationships, return to school and children’s strength and difficulties questionnaire, young adults’ future intentions. The survey also includes data on COVID-19 antibodies analysed from blood samples.

The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a significant event of the current century, introducing substantial transformations in economic and social activities worldwide. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between daily COVID-19 cases and Pakistan stock market (PSX) return volatility. To assess the relationship between daily COVID-19 cases and the PSX return volatility, we collected secondary data from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the PSX website, specifically focusing on the PSX 100 index, spanning from March 15, 2020, to March 31, 2021. We used the GARCH family models for measuring the volatility and the COVID-19 impact on the stock market performance. Our E-GARCH findings show that there is long-term persistence in the return volatility of the stock market of Pakistan in the period of the COVID-19 timeline because ARCH alpha (ω1) and GARCH beta (ω2) are significant. Moreover, is asymmetrical effect is found in the stock market of Pakistan during the COVID-19 period due to Gamma (ѱ) being significant for PSX. Our DCC-GARCH results show that the COVID-19 active cases have a long-term spillover impact on the Pakistan stock market. Therefore, the need of strong planning and alternative platform should be needed in the distress period to promote the stock market and investor should advised to make diversified international portfolio by investing in high and low volatility stock market to save their income. This study advocated the implications for investors to invest in low volatility stock especially during the period of pandemics to protect their return on investment. Moreover, policy makers and the regulators can make effective policies to maintain financial stability during pandemics that is very important for the country’s economic development.

The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a significant event of the current century, introducing substantial transformations in economic and social activities worldwide. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between daily COVID-19 cases and Pakistan stock market (PSX) return volatility. To assess the relationship between daily COVID-19 cases and the PSX return volatility, we collected secondary data from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the PSX website, specifically focusing on the PSX 100 index, spanning from March 15, 2020, to March 31, 2021. We used the GARCH family models for measuring the volatility and the COVID-19 impact on the stock market performance. Our E-GARCH findings show that there is long-term persistence in the return volatility of the stock market of Pakistan in the period of the COVID-19 timeline because ARCH alpha (ω1) and GARCH beta (ω2) are significant. Moreover, is asymmetrical effect is found in the stock market of Pakistan during the COVID-19 period due to Gamma (ѱ) being significant for PSX. Our DCC-GARCH results show that the COVID-19 active cases have a long-term spillover impact on the Pakistan stock market. Therefore, the need of strong planning and alternative platform should be needed in the distress period to promote the stock market and investor should advised to make diversified international portfolio by investing in high and low volatility stock market to save their income. This study advocated the implications for investors to invest in low volatility stock especially during the period of pandemics to protect their return on investment. Moreover, policy makers and the regulators can make effective policies to maintain financial stability during pandemics that is very important for the country’s economic development.

The COVID-19 Psychological Research Consortium (C19PRC) Study aims to monitor and assess the long-term psychological, social, political and economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the UK general population. A longitudinal, internet panel survey was designed to assess: (1) COVID-19 related knowledge, attitudes and behaviours, (2) the occurrence of common mental health disorders, as well as the role of (3) psychological factors, and (4) social and political attitudes in influencing the public’s response to the pandemic. Quota sampling was used to recruit a nationally representative sample of adults in terms of age, sex and household income. The first C19PRC survey was launched on 23 March 2020 (Wave 1), the day that a strict lockdown was enforced across the UK, and recruited 2025 UK adults. As of February 2022, six follow-up surveys have been conducted: Wave 2, April/May 2020; Wave 3, July/August 2020; Wave 4, Nov/Dec 2020; Wave 5, March/April 2021; Wave 6, Aug/Sept 2021; and Wave 7, Nov/Dec 2021. The baseline sample was representative of the UK population in relation to economic activity, ethnicity, and household composition. Data collection for the C19PRC Study is ongoing, with subsequent follow-up surveys being conducted during 2022 (Waves 8 and 9). C19PRC Study data has strong generalisability to facilitate and stimulate interdisciplinary research on important pandemic-related public health questions. It will allow changes in mental health and psychosocial functioning to be investigated from the beginning of the pandemic, identifying vulnerable groups in need of support. Find out more about the study at https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/psychology-consortium-covid19

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented global restrictions on freedom of movement, social and economic activity. Pandemics may cause fear in the population, affecting behaviour which in turn may propagate or restrict the further spread of the virus. Social and economic restrictions may also have a major impact on population mental health, especially affecting vulnerable groups, influencing the nation's ability to recover once the pandemic is over. To investigate these mental health effects, it is necessary to collect data using validated measures capturing mental health and decision-making early and throughout the pandemic. Prior to our work leading to this application, no research has addressed this. With initial seed funding from the Universities of Sheffield and Ulster, we assessed mental health and other relevant variables in 2025 UK adults who are highly representative of the UK population in the week of March 23rd, and followed them up in a second wave between April 20th and 30th, with a 69% follow-up rate. We measured not only mental health but many other social and Our work is already being used by the Cabinet Office, Public Health England and the Department of Health and Social Care. We request funding for five further waves of data collection (including one wave of increased sampling to ensure that the four nations/provinces of the UK are fully represented). We also seek funding for more detailed investigations of subgroups within our sample using qualitative interviews of vulnerable people (e.g. older people, people with pre-existing medical conditions) conducted over the telephone, cognitive testing of decision-making processes relevant to the perception of infection risk, and momentary experience sampling (in which people are contact at random intervals throughout the day to ask them about their experiences and feelings) extending until March 2021 after the hoped-for end of the crisis. We will achieve a complete picture of the psychology of a country during crisis and release our findings to the public and government in a timely manner, and make the data available to other scientists.

Petroleum products were the most affected commodities in terms of exports from India, with a decline of about 32 percent in January 2021, compared to the same month in the previous year. Other cereals and oil meals witnessed a highly positive change rate.

Global economic impact The outbreak of COVID-19 caused a massive economic recession, with six out of the seven largest economies showing a massive GDP loss in the third quarter of 2020. A slump in demand and changing consumption patterns shook international trade worldwide. Since March 2020, lockdowns became a global necessity, and the Indian subcontinent was no exception, announcing its first nation-wide lockdown by the end of March. Aimed at getting hold of the infectious chains, the lockdown resulted in a massive decrease in mobility, but also meant that livelihoods were disproportionately impacted. This was especially true for those with daily or hourly wages across the country.

COVID-19 impact on different sectors Reduced mobility and the unavailability of resources, due to restricted borders caused significant challenges to traditional retailers. The automotive industry, in particular, emerged as one of the worst impacted industries. Simultaneously, petroleum consumption decreased. Other industries such as healthcare or fast-moving consumer goods, were less affected due to their indispensability and local shopper clientele. E-commerce experienced a long-lasting benefit from the pandemic, as most online purchasers consider e-retail as a post-pandemic option.

The economic landscape of the United Kingdom has been significantly shaped by the intertwined issues of Brexit, COVID-19, and their interconnected impacts. Despite the country’s robust and diverse economy, the disruptions caused by Brexit and the COVID-19 pandemic have created uncertainty and upheaval for both businesses and individuals. Recognizing the magnitude of these challenges, academic literature has directed its attention toward conducting immediate research in this crucial area. This study sets out to investigate key economic factors that have influenced various sectors of the UK economy and have broader economic implications within the context of Brexit and COVID-19. The factors under scrutiny include the unemployment rate, GDP index, earnings, and trade. To accomplish this, a range of data analysis tools and techniques were employed, including the Box-Jenkins method, neural network modeling, Google Trend analysis, and Twitter-sentiment analysis. The analysis encompassed different periods: pre-Brexit (2011-2016), Brexit (2016-2020), the COVID-19 period, and post-Brexit (2020-2021). The findings of the analysis offer intriguing insights spanning the past decade. For instance, the unemployment rate displayed a downward trend until 2020 but experienced a spike in 2021, persisting for a six-month period. Meanwhile, total earnings per week exhibited a gradual increase over time, and the GDP index demonstrated an upward trajectory until 2020 but declined during the COVID-19 period. Notably, trade experienced the most significant decline following both Brexit and the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the impact of these events exhibited variations across the UK’s four regions and twelve industries. Wales and Northern Ireland emerged as the regions most affected by Brexit and COVID-19, with industries such as accommodation, construction, and wholesale trade particularly impacted in terms of earnings and employment levels. Conversely, industries such as finance, science, and health demonstrated an increased contribution to the UK’s total GDP in the post-Brexit period, indicating some positive outcomes. It is worth highlighting that the impact of these economic factors was more pronounced on men than on women. Among all the variables analyzed, trade suffered the most severe consequences in the UK. By early 2021, the macroeconomic situation in the country was characterized by a simple dynamic: economic demand rebounded at a faster pace than supply, leading to shortages, bottlenecks, and inflation. The findings of this research carry significant value for the UK government and businesses, empowering them to adapt and innovate based on forecasts to navigate the challenges posed by Brexit and COVID-19. By doing so, they can promote long-term economic growth and effectively address the disruptions caused by these interrelated issues.