Interactive chart of historical daily wheat prices back to 1975. The price shown is in U.S. Dollars per bushel.

Wheat fell to 545.50 USd/Bu on July 11, 2025, down 1.62% from the previous day. Over the past month, Wheat's price has risen 3.61%, but it is still 0.95% lower than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Wheat - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

The monthly price of wheat (hard red winter) in the United States reached an all time high in May 2022, at over *** U.S. dollars per metric ton. The unprecedented price increase began in mid-2020, due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, and was later exacerbated by the Russo-Ukrainian War in March 2022. Before the war, Russia and Ukraine were among the world's five largest wheat exporters, and around one third of all international wheat imports came from these two countries. The increase of 96 dollars per ton between February and March 2022 was the single largest price hike in U.S. history, and was only the second time that prices had exceeded 400 dollars - the first time this happened was due to the financial crisis of 2008. In the five years before the Covid-19 pandemic, the price of wheat generally fluctuated between 150 and 230 dollars per ton.

Child table of long-term field experiment 'Organic and Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization Experiment (IOSDV)'. This data set contains information about yield. General description about the IOSDV experiment can be found in the table 'Plots'. Related datasets are listed in the metadata element 'Related Identifier'.

Dataset version 1.0

The long-term experiment (LTE) "International Organic Nitrogen Fertilisation Trial" (IOSDV) Rauischholzhausen (University Gießen) was set up in 1984 as part of an internationalseries of trials which were started simultaneously at about 15 locations in several European countries. The initiator of this series of trials was Eduard von Boguslawski, who also foundedthe international working group "IOSDV". The LTE "IOSDV" in Rauischholzhausen was later continued and managed by Bernd Honermeier (1996 - 2021).

The original idea of this LTE was to compare three farming systems (farm types), (1) system without organic fertilisation (simulating a cash crop farm), (2) system with organic fertilisation from livestock (farmyard manure, simulating a farm with livestock) and (3) system with organic fertilisation from plant residues (straw, catch crops and digestate from a biogas plant). In these arable farming systems, the classic cash crops sugar beet (since 2010 silage maize), winter wheat and winter barley are grown in a crop rotation (one after the other in time) and at the same time also next to each other every year. Due to the central importance of nitrogen as a plant nutrient, mineral N fertilisation was included as a test factor and combined with all other test factors in four different dosages so that possible interactions could be investigated. Since the LTE was set up at several locations, the influence of site and climatic conditions on soil properties and plant yields as a function of organic and mineral N fertilisation can also be investigated.

The trial was extended in 1997 by a variant with "compost fertilisation" (without and with certified compost), with the same crop rotation and mineral N fertilisation.

Land Use Type: Field crops Research Theme: Fertilization LTE Category: Fertilization Farming Category: Conventional

Research Parameter: -Plant: total biomass yield, grain yield, harvest index -Soil: Ct, Corg, Nt, nitrate N

Factors: - Factor A: Crops (sugar beet/maize, winter wheat, winter barley) - Factor B: N-fertilization (5 levels) - Factor C: Organic fertilization (3 levels)

Research question: The trial aims to clarify the long-term effects of different organic fertilisation (manure from livestock compared to organic matter from plants) on soil properties (Ct/Corg, Nt, Nmin) and on biomass yields of maize, winter wheat and winter barley. It should also be clarified whether there is an interaction between organic fertilisation and mineral N fertilisation as well as between fertilisation and site conditions regarding soil parameters and plant yields and whether these factors thus influence each other.

Related datasets are listed under Related Identifier.

Dataset version 1.0

Corn fell to 393.37 USd/BU on July 14, 2025, down 0.66% from the previous day. Over the past month, Corn's price has fallen 9.52%, and is down 2.69% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Corn - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Production, Exports, Imports, Domestic Supply (A), Domestic Supply (B), Domestic Supply: Used for Manufacture, Domestic Supply: Net Food Supply, Retail Prices, Value of Consumption

Wheat, a staple crop, faces numerous challenges due to climate change and the increasing demand for sustainable practices. Biostimulants, which enhance plant growth and resilience, have gained attention for their potential to improve wheat productivity in an environment-friendly manner. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of field-based research on wheat's response to biostimulants under field conditions from 2000 to 2024. Analyzing 222 studies, the bibliometric analysis reveals a significant rise in research publications on biostimulants, with an annual growth rate of 15.6%. Asia leads with the largest share of publications (59.4%), followed by Europe (18.1%) and Africa (11.6%). North America, South America and Oceania have fewer contributions. Additionally, research institutions in Pakistan, India and Egypt rank as the most productive on this topic. Saudi Arabia stands out with the highest percentage of international collaboration, at 91.7% between countries and 100% among institutions. The findings reveal that biostimulants significantly improve wheat's ability to withstand abiotic stress, optimize nutrient uptake, and enhance overall plant health. Research is transitioning from traditional organic methods and microbial inoculants to advanced biostimulant formulations, improved nutrient management, and reduced environmental impact. However, gaps remain, particularly in understanding the combined effects of multiple biostimulants and their long-term impact on wheat and soil health. This synthesis of research trends lays the groundwork for advancing sustainable wheat production, supporting food security and agricultural resilience amidst environmental challenges.

This statistic shows the worldwide production of grain in 2024/25, sorted by type. In that year, worldwide wheat production came to about 793.24 million metric tons. The most important grain was corn, based on a production amount of over 1.2 billion metric tons. Grain Humans have been harvesting the small, dry seeds known as grain for thousands of years. The two main categories of grains are cereals, such as wheat, rye, and corn, and legumes, such as beans, lentils, peanuts and soybeans. Many grains are capable of being stored for long periods of time, easily transported over long distances, processed into flour, oil, and gas, and consumed by animals and humans. Most grain in the U.S. is used as animal feed, while slightly less is converted into ethanol. The smallest portion is consumed by humans. There has been recent debate about the health and ethics of grain feeding animals such as cows, goats, and sheep, animals biologically better suited to consuming grass. Though more cost effective than grass feeding, some argue this practice has an adverse effect on the quality of the meat as well as on the health of the animal and the consumer. The use of grains in producing ethanol has increased significantly in recent years. Global ethanol production has tripled since the year 2000. Ethanol is a semi-renewable energy formed by the fermentation of a feedstock, often sugar cane or corn cobs. It can be mixed with gasoline and used as motor vehicle fuel. This hybrid motor fuel emits fewer pollutants than standard gasoline.

International long-term experiment (LTE) 'Organic and Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization Experiment' (IOSDV) - Table 'ERNTE'.

Additional file 2: Table S1. Fold change and percent contribution to total molarity of each compatible solute. Fold change is ratio of stress /control. Percent contribution is calculated with following equation: Percent contribution of a given solute = its molarity content (μmol g-1 DW) × 100/total molarity content, where total molarity content is sum of molarity contents of all 37 solutes. The wheat seeds were treated with 100 mM NaCl for 30 days. CL, control leaf; SL, stress leaf; CR, control root; SR, stress root. Table S2. Expression data of salinity-tolerant genes involved in osmotic adjustment, ion homeostasis and tissue tolerance. Table S3. Percentage of the triad showing stress-induced significant change in relative expression of homeolog. Significant change was defined as ≥20% difference between stress and control in relative expression of homeologs. Table S4. Number of triads showing differential homeolog expression bias categories between control and stress treatments. Table S5. Expression data and homeolog expression bias categories of salinity-tolerant triads involved in osmotic adjustment, ion homeostasis and tissue tolerance. A-S, A suppressed; A-D, A dominant; B-S, B suppressed; B-D, B dominant; D-S, D suppressed; D-D, D dominant. Table S6: Results of qRT-PCR of wheat leaves. Each treatment had three biological replicates.

International long-term experiment (LTE) 'Organic and Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization Experiment' (IOSDV) - Table 'BODENBEARBEITUNG_MASSNAHME'.

International long-term experiment (LTE) 'Organic and Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization Experiment' (IOSDV) - Table 'SORTE'.

International long-term experiment (LTE) 'Organic and Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization Experiment' (IOSDV) - Table 'PFLANZENLABORWERTE'.

International long-term experiment (LTE) 'Organic and Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization Experiment' (IOSDV) - Table 'DUENGEMITTEL'.

Sugar: Volume of Consumption: Raw Sugar, Sugar: Volume of Consumption: Refined Sugar, Sugar: Volume of Consumption: Total, Sugar: Index, Wheat Flour: Volume of Consumption of Confectionery and Bread, Wheat Flour: Index, Weighted Average Index: Sugar Weight, Weighted Average Index: Wheat Flour Weight, Weighted Average Index: Average, Estimate of Confectionery Production, Confectionery Production as given in Annual Food Control Statistics 1950, Producer's Prices, Value of Production

International long-term experiment (LTE) 'Organic and Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization Experiment' (IOSDV) - Table 'PROBENAHME_BODEN'.

International long-term experiment (LTE) 'Organic and Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization Experiment' (IOSDV) - Table 'AUSSAAT'.

International long-term experiment (LTE) 'Organic and Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization Experiment' (IOSDV) - Table 'FAKTOR1_STUFE'.

International long-term experiment (LTE) 'Organic and Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization Experiment' (IOSDV) - Table 'FRUCHTFOLGE'.