A scientific study looking at population changes of the Lord Howe Currawong on Lord Howe Island (LHI).

The Black Rockcod (Epinephelus daemelii) is a large, slow-growing, long-lived reef fish that occurs in Australia along the coast of New South Wales, including at Lord Howe Island. Populations of black rockcod have been significantly reduced here due to overfishing, accidental hooking, and loss or degradation of estuarine and intertidal nursery habitats. As a result, the species is listed as ‘Vulnerable’ under both the Commonwealth Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the NSW Fisheries Management Act 1994.

Despite having been protected from fishing in NSW since 1983, black rockcod are still taken illegally, or caught incidentally and released, which can lead to mortality post-release from embolism. Its protection status results from concerns of population declines across its range. The NSW Government has identified long-term population monitoring as a a high priority for the species’ recovery plan.

Broadscale surveys of black rockcod were first conducted using the diver Underwater Visual Census (UVC) technique in 2009-11 when 83 sites were sampled from Port Stephens to Cook Island in far northern NSW, including the waters of Lord Howe Island. This NESP Marine and Coastal Hub project 3.14 funded the repeat of these broadscale surveys in 2023, with 8 additional sites (91 total) sampled using the same technique. For each black rockcod sighting, the length of the fish was visually estimated by divers, and also filmed using a diver stereo camera system where possible to obtain an exact length measurement. Other attributes recorded included the habitat the fish was found in, if the sighting was cryptic (i.e. hidden or camouflaged), and the depth of the sighting.

Based on the broadscale survey sites in 2009-11, a subset of 19 key Black rockcod survey sites along mainland NSW were established These comprised of two sites in the Cape Byron Marine Park (CBMP), five sites in the Solitary Islands Marine Park (SIMP) two sites at SW Rocks (Fish Rock), and ten sites within the Port Stephens-Great Lakes Marine Park (PSGLMP). An additional 18 key sites were established at Lord Howe Island (LHIMP) and surveyed in 2011, 2019, 2023 & 2024. These surveys involved an identical methodology to the broadscale surveys, but without the use of stereo cameras as diver estimates of fish size were shown to be reasonably similar. This NESP MaC Hub project 3.14 provided funding for the resurveying of the 37 total key sites (where weather permitted) in both 2023 and 2024.

The data provided by this record includes:
(1) all black rockcod sightings and measurements for broadscale sites (2023) and key sites (2023 & 2024);
(2) a comparison of the counts of black rockcod recorded at broadscale sites in 2009-11 (n=83) and again in 2023 (n=91); and
(3) a comparison of the count of black rockcod recorded at key monitoring sites in northern NSW (n=19) and Lord Howe Island (n=18) across monitoring years 2009-2024.

The application of genome-wide cytonuclear molecular data to identify management and adaptive units at various spatio-temporal levels is particularly important for overharvested large predatory organisms, often characterized by smaller, localized populations. Despite being “near threatened”, current understanding of habitat use and population structure of Carcharhinus galapagensis is limited to specific areas within its distribution. We evaluated population structure and connectivity across the Pacific Ocean using genome-wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (~7200 SNPs) and mitochondrial Control Region sequences (947bp) for 229 individuals. Neutral SNPs defined at least two genetically discrete geographic groups: an East Tropical Pacific (Mexico, east and west Galapagos Islands), and another central-west Pacific (Lord Howe Island, Middleton Reef, Norfolk Island, Elizabeth Reef, Kermadec, Hawaii and Southern Africa). More fine-grade population structure was suggested using outlier SNPs: west Pacific, Hawaii, Mexico, and Galapagos. Consistently, mtDNA pairwise ΦST defined three regional stocks: east, central and west Pacific. Compared to neutral SNPs (FST=0.023-0.035), mtDNA exhibited more divergence (ΦST=0.258-0.539) and high overall genetic diversity (h=0.794 ±0.014; π=0.004 ±0.000), consistent with the longstanding Eastern Pacific Barrier between the east and central-west Pacific. Hawaiian and Southern African populations group within the west Pacific cluster. Effective population sizes were moderate/high for east/west populations (738 and 3421, respectively). Insights into the biology, connectivity, genetic diversity, and population demographics informs for improved conservation of this species, by delineating three to four conservation units across their Pacific distribution. Implementing such conservation management may be challenging, but is necessary to achieve long-term population resilience at basin and regional scales.

This data collection contains all currently published nucleotide (DNA/RNA) and protein sequences from Australian Paratya howensis, commonly known as Lord Howe Island Paratya. Other information about this group:

The nucleotide (DNA/RNA) and protein sequences have been sourced through the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) and Universal Protein Resource (UniProt), databases that contains comprehensive sets of nucleotide (DNA/RNA) and protein sequences from all organisms that have been published by the International Research Community.

The identification of species in Paratya howensis as Australian dwelling organisms has been achieved by accessing the Australian Plant Census (APC) or Australian Faunal Directory (AFD) through the Atlas of Living Australia.

The Collaborative Australian Protected Areas Database (CAPAD) 2010 provides both spatial and text information about government, Indigenous and privately protected areas for continental Australia. State and Territory conservation agencies supplied data current for various dates between June 2010 and January 2011. This is the eighth version of the database, with previous versions released in 1997, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006 and 2008. CAPAD provides a snapshot of protected areas that meet the IUCN definition of a protected area:

"A protected area is an area of land and/or sea especially dedicated to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources, and managed through legal or other effective means" (IUCN 1994).

The department publishes a summary of the CAPAD data biannually on its website at http://www.environment.gov.au/parks/nrs/science/capad/index.html.

This version of CAPAD contains Commonwealth data and all data supplied by ACT, NSW, WA, NT, QLD, TAS and some SA data. SA Forests data and all data supplied by VIC can be found in the CAPAD 2010 - restricted dataset (available for non-commercial users only). CAPAD 2010 - external spatial data is available for download from the Discover Information Geographically (DIG) website: http://www.environment.gov.au/metadataexplorer/explorer.jsp.

Main attributes in the database include:

PA_ID: The protected area ID code. Created from RES_NUMBER if unique, otherwise it is a DSEWPaC generated number.

NAME: the name of the protected area. Gazetted PAs with no name are flagged as "Unnamed" with a reserve number.

TYPE: the type of protected area according to the protected area establishment mechanism.

TYPE_ABBR: the abbreviation of the TYPE.

AA Aboriginal Area ACCP Conservation Covenant ASMA Antarctic Specially Managed Areas ASPA Antarctic Specially Protected Areas BG Botanic Gardens (Commonwealth) CA Conservation Area CCA Coordinated Conservation Area CCAZ1 CCA Zone 1 National Park CCAZ2 CCA Zone 2 Aboriginal Area CCAZ3 CCA Zone 3 State Conservation Area COR Coastal Reserve CP Conservation Park CR Conservation Reserve FLR Flora Reserve FR Forest Reserve GR Game Reserve HA Heritage Agreement HIR Historical Reserve HR Heritage River HS Historic Site HTR Hunting Reserve IPA Indigenous Protected Area KCR Karst Conservation Reserve MAA Management Agreement MCP National Parks Act Schedule 4 park or reserve MNP Marine National Park MR Commonwealth Land Managed for Conservation MS Marine Sanctuary NAP Nature Park NAPA Nature Park (Aboriginal) NCA Natural Catchment Area NCR Nature Conservation Reserve NFR Natural Features Reserve NP National Park NPA National Park Aboriginal NPC National Park (Commonwealth) NPR National Park (Recovery) NR Nature Reserve NRA Nature Recreation Area NREF Nature Refuge NRS NRS Addition - Gazettal in Progress NS National Park (Scientific) OCA Other Conservation Area OCA/NP Other Conservation Area / Nature Park OP Other PA Protected Area PNPA Proposed National Parks Act park or park addition PNR Private Nature Reserve PPP Permanent Park Preserve PS Private Sanctuary RA Reference Area RNA Remote and Natural Area RP Recreation Park RR Regional Reserve S5G 5(1)(g) Reserve S5H 5(1)(h) Reserve SCA State Conservation Area SP State Park SR State Reserve TR Timber Reserve WA Wilderness Protection Area WP Wilderness Park WZ Wilderness Zone

IUCN: the IUCN protected area management category ascribed by the Managing authority, as outlined in the publication: CNPPA/WCMC "Guidelines for Protected Area management categories". Gland: IUCN, 1994. (ISBN: 2-8317-0201-1).

Definitions include: IA Strict Nature Reserve: managed mainly for science; IB Wilderness Area: managed mainly for wilderness protection; II National Park: managed mainly for ecosystem protection; III Natural Monument: managed mainly for conservation of specific natural features; IV Habitat / Species Management Area: managed mainly for conservation through management intervention; V Protected Landscape / Seascape: managed mainly for landscape/seascape conservation and recreation; VI Managed Resource Protected Area: managed mainly for the sustainable use of natural ecosystems.

GAZ_AREA: area in hectares as described in the nomination document (e.g. parliamentary gazettal), to the nearest hectare. Some protected areas do not have a specific area in the designation.

GIS_AREA: area in hectares based on current spatial data and an Albers equal area projection for Australia. Where protected area consists of multiple polygons (parts) the GIS_AREA is the sum of all the polygons with the same name, type, state and IUCN category.

REPT_AREA: area in hectares from the GAZ_AREA attribute and if this is a null value then the GIS_AREA is used. For Protected areas with multiple records, REPT_AREA is a calculated by dividing GAZ_AREA by GIS_AREA of the total then applying this factor to the GIS_AREA of the record.

GAZ_DATE: the first gazettal or proclamation date that established any protected area at this site.

LATEST_GAZ: the date of the most recent gazettal or proclamation to add land to the protected area. It can be the same date as the GAZ_AREA.

NRS_PA: This attribute indicates the status of the protected area as part of the National Reserve System (NRS). "Y" = a protected area located within the State and Territory jurisdiction "I" = an interim protected area - in the process of being gazetted/established. "N" = a protected area that does not meet the NRS criteria. "ND" = a protected area that does not meet NRS criteria, but compliments the NRS with sympathetic management.

STATE: The state is the state that the protected area is located in. COM = protected areas located in Australian external territories.

AUTHORITY: The Authority responsible for the management of the protected area mechanism. AAD - Australian Antarctic Division ACT_TAMS - ACT Territory and Municipal Services WA_DEC - WA Department of Environment and Conservation QLD_DERM - Qld Department of Environment and Resource Management VIC_DSE - Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment DSEWPAC - Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities Forests NSW - Forests NSW IMG - Indigenous Management Group LHI Board - Lord Howe Island Board NT_PWS - NT Parks and Wildlife Service NSW_OEH - NSW Office of Environment and Heritage SA_DENR - SA Department of Environment and Natural Resources SA_FRST - Forestry SA TAS_DPIPWE - Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment TAS_FRST - Forestry Tasmania TAS_MVC - Tasmanian Meander Valley Council TAS_DC - Tasmanian Dorset Council TAS_PWS - TAS Parks and Wildlife Service TAS_WPMT - Wellington Park Management Trust STATE_MAA - Management Agreement Area

DATASOURCE: Describes the source of the data for the protected area, values are: ACT_TAMS: ACT - Territory and Municipal Services DSEWPAC: Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities DSEWPAC_NRSP: Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities National Reserve System Program NRETAS: NT Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport NSW_OEH: NSW Office of Environment and Heritage NSW_SF: NSW Forests QLD_DERM: Qld Department of Environment and Resource Management SA_DENR: SA Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources TAS_DPIPWE: Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment VIC_DSE: Department of Environment and Sustainability WA_GOV: Department of Environment and Conservation

GOVERNANCE: Determines if the protected area is government, Indigenous, joint or privately managed.

ENVIRON: A protected area gazetted as terrestrial may have a marine component and vice versa. A PROTECTED AREA can be 'T' terrestrial, marine 'M' and both 'B'. Terrestrial CAPAD 2010 contains ?T? and ?B?. Marine CAPAD 2010 contains ?M?.

OVERLAP: Shows whether or not the protected area is overlapped by another. Protected areas with a value of '1' are the primary protected area in that area. A protected area with a value of '2' is completely overlapped by another protected area.

X_COORD: is the longitude in decimal degrees east within the object closest to the centre of the object using the Gecentric Datum of Australia 1994.

Y_COORD: is the latitude in decimal degrees south within the object closest to the centre of the object using the Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994.

MGT_PLAN: The code of the status of the management plan for the protected area.

Definitions Include: P ? In Preparation ? Some form of management document was being prepared. D ? Draft ? A draft management document was released for comment by the public, management board or equivalent. S ? Statutory ? Enabling legislation establishes the management of a protected area and separate management document is not required. I ? Management Intent ? A formal statement of management intent has been prepared that clearly sets out the management objectives for the protected area but includes little else. M ? Management Plan ? A formally adopted management plan that has been through consultation and contains strategies and actions for implementation for this protected area. R ? Regional Plan ? A formally adopted management plan has been through consultation and contains general strategies and actions for implementation over a group of protected areas. N ? Unknown ? No form of management document could be found.

RES_NUMBER: The reserve number (if declared) as used by the controlling authority.

OBJECTID *, Shape *, SHAPE.AREA and SHAPE.LEN are automatically generated ESRI attributes

This data collection contains all currently published nucleotide (DNA/RNA) and protein sequences from Australian Citrus jambhiri, commonly known as Bush Lemon (Lord Howe Island). Other information about this group:

The nucleotide (DNA/RNA) and protein sequences have been sourced through the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) and Universal Protein Resource (UniProt), databases that contains comprehensive sets of nucleotide (DNA/RNA) and protein sequences from all organisms that have been published by the International Research Community.

The identification of species in Citrus jambhiri as Australian dwelling organisms has been achieved by accessing the Australian Plant Census (APC) or Australian Faunal Directory (AFD) through the Atlas of Living Australia.

This dataset presents the footprint of participation statistics in BreastScreen Australia for women ages 50 to 74, by age group. The national breast cancer screening program, BreastScreen Australia began in 1991. It aims to reduce illness and death from breast cancer using screening mammography for early detection of unsuspected breast cancer in women. The data spans the years of 2014-2016 and is aggregated to Statistical Area Level 3 (SA3) geographic boundaries from the 2011 Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS).

Cancer is one of the leading causes of illness and death in Australia. Cancer screening programs aim to reduce the impact of selected cancers by facilitating early detection, intervention and treatment. Australia has three cancer screening programs:

• BreastScreen Australia

• National Cervical Screening Program (NCSP)

• National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP)

The National cancer screening programs participation data presents the latest cancer screening participation rates and trends for Australia's 3 national cancer screening programs. The data has been sourced from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) analysis of National Bowel Cancer Screening Program register data, state and territory BreastScreen Australia register data and state and territory cervical screening register data.

For further information about this dataset, visit the data source:Australian Institute of Health and Welfare - National Cancer Screening Programs Participation Data Tables.

Please note:

• AURIN has spatially enabled the original data.

• Participation rates represent the percentage of women in the population aged 50-74 screened by BreastScreen Australia over 2 calendar years. The population denominator was the average of the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Estimated Resident Population (ERP) for females aged 50-74 within the relevant geographical area for the relevant 2-year reporting period.

• An SA3 was assigned to women using a postcode to SA3 correspondence. Because these are based only on postcode, these data will be less accurate than those published by individual states and territories.

• Some postcodes (and hence women) cannot be attributed to an SA3 and therefore these women were excluded from the analysis. This is most noticeable in the Northern Territory but affects all states and territories to some degree.

• SA3s with a numerator less than 20 or a denominator less than 100 have been suppressed.

• SA3 data for the Blue Mountains - South, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Cotter - Namadgi, Fyshwick - Piallago - Hume, Illawarra Catchment Reserve, Jervis Bay, and Lord Howe Island were excluded due to reliability concerns from low numbers in these regions.

• Totals may not sum due to rounding.

• BreastScreen Australia changed its target age group from 50-69 years to 50-74 years from July 2013; participation is reported for both the previous and current target age groups to allow comparison of trends with previously reported data.

• Data are preliminary and subject to change.

• The 2014-2015 period covers 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2015, and the the 2015-2016 period covers 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2016.