Low income cut-offs (LICOs) before and after tax by community size and family size, in current dollars, annual.

Low income measure (LIM) thresholds by household size for market income, total income and after-tax income, in current and constant dollars, annual.

In 2022, 9.9 percent of all Canadians were living in low income. Between 2000 and 2022, the percentage of population with low income experienced a decrease, reaching the lowest value in 2020. The highest share of Canadians with low income was recorded in 2015, with 14.5 percent of the total population.

Low Income Measures

The low income measures (LIMs) were developed by Statistics Canada in the 1990s. They, along with the low income cut-offs (LICOs) and the market basket measure (MBM), were created in order to measure and track the low income population of Canada. With low income measures, individuals are classified as being in low income if their income falls below fifty percent of the median adjusted household income. The median income is adjusted in order to reflect the differing financial needs of households based on the number of its members. The low income measures are a useful tool to compare low income populations between countries as they do not rely on an arbitrary standard of what constitutes the threshold for poverty. Statistics Canada insists that the low income measures are not meant to be representative of a poverty rate. The department has no measure which they define as a measurement of poverty in Canada. Latest data and trends In 2022, around 2.1 million people were living in low income families in Canada. This figure has been fluctuating over the years, both in absolute numbers and in proportion over the total population. More women than men were living in low income families in 2022, though the number of men in low income has risen at twice the rate as that of women. One of the more drastic changes has been the rise in the number of single individuals living in low income, increasing by more than 60 percent since 2000.

If you’re a senior with low income, you may qualify for monthly Guaranteed Annual Income System payments. #Maximum payment and allowable private income amounts for the period from July 1, 2025 to June 30, 2026 are: * $90 monthly for single seniors (maximum monthly payment amount), your annual private income must be less than $4,320 * $180 monthly for senior couples (maximum monthly payment amount), your annual private income must be less than $8,640 The data is organized by private income levels. GAINS payments are provided on top of the Old Age Security (OAS) pension and the Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS) payments you may receive from the federal government. Learn more about the Ontario Guaranteed Annual Income System This data is related to The Retirement Income System in Canada Join the Ontario Ministry of Finance for a free webinar to help you learn about tax credits, benefits, and other programs available to support Ontario seniors with a low income. Visit ontario.ca/TaxTalk to learn more.

The one-time top-up to the Canada Housing Benefit helped low-income renters with the cost of renting. To be eligible for the tax-free one-time payment of $500, applicants must have filed their 2021 income tax return. They must have had a 2021 adjusted family net income of $35,000 or less for families, or $20,000 or less for individuals, and paid at least 30% of their 2021 adjusted family net income towards rent in the 2022 calendar year. These tables contain statistics by province, age, gender, adjusted family net income, family type and forward sortation area.

Families of tax filers; After-tax low income status of census families based on Census Family Low Income Measure (CFLIM-AT), by family type and family composition (final T1 Family File; T1FF).

Thematic map showing the prevalence of low income by dissemination area, in 2020, for the Saint John census metropolitan area. This map was created using the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT). The Low‑income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median adjusted after‑tax income of private households. The household after‑tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of adjusted household after‑tax income, multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is computed from all persons in private households. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low‑income measures thresholds (LIM‑AT and LIM‑BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.​When the unadjusted after‑tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM‑AT. Low‑income status is typically presented for persons but, since the LIM‑AT threshold and household income are unique and shared by all members within each household, low‑income status based on LIM‑AT can also be reported for households.For the 2021 Census, the reference period for low‑income data is the calendar year 2020.---(LIM-AT Definition taken from https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/ref/dict/az/Definition-eng.cfm?ID=fam021)

If you’re a senior with low income, you may qualify for monthly Guaranteed Annual Income System payments. #Maximum payment and allowable private income amounts for the period from July 1, 2025 to June 30, 2026 are: * $90 monthly for single seniors (maximum monthly payment amount), your annual private income must be less than $4,320 * $180 monthly for senior couples (maximum monthly payment amount), your annual private income must be less than $8,640 The data is organized by private income levels. GAINS payments are provided on top of the Old Age Security (OAS) pension and the Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS) payments you may receive from the federal government. Learn more about the Ontario Guaranteed Annual Income System This data is related to The Retirement Income System in Canada Join the Ontario Ministry of Finance for a free webinar to help you learn about tax credits, benefits, and other programs available to support Ontario seniors with a low income. Visit ontario.ca/TaxTalk to learn more.

The cross-sectional public-use microdata file for the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) is a collection of income, labour and family variables on persons in Canada and their families. SLID is an annual household survey covering the population of the 10 Canadian provinces with the exception of Indian reserves, residents of institutions and military barracks. The Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics began collecting data for reference year 1993. Initially, SLID was designed to be, first and foremost, a longitudinal survey, with primary focus on labour and income and the relationships between them and family composition. Then, the decision was made to extend the objectives of SLID to be the primary source of cross-sectional household income data. For many years, the Survey of Consumer Finances had provided public-use microdata files (PUMFs) to meet the needs of cross-sectional household income data users. SCF PUMFs were released up to and including reference year 1997. For the purpose of standard publications, Statistics Canada has made the transition from SCF to SLID between 1995 and 1996. Therefore, SLID cross-sectional PUMFs are being made available beginning with reference year 1996. The SLID files have been designed to be analogous to those produced for the SCF. The type of income data collected by SLID was identical to that of the former household income survey SCF (Survey of Consumer Finances), with the distinction that SLID respondents had the choice of a traditional income interview or granting permission to Statistics Canada to use their T1 income tax data.

Income of individuals by age group, sex and income source, Canada, provinces and selected census metropolitan areas, annual.

Housing Assessment Resource Tools (HART) This dataset contains 2 tables and 5 files which draw upon data from the 2021 Census of Canada. The tables are a custom order and contain data pertaining to older adults and housing need. The 2 tables have 6 dimensions in common and 1 dimension that is unique to each table. Table 1's unique dimension is the "Ethnicity / Indigeneity status" dimension which contains data fields related to visible minority and Indigenous identity within the population in private households. Table 2's unique dimension is "Structural type of dwelling and Period of Construction" which contains data fields relating to the structural type and period of construction of the dwelling. Each of the two tables is then split into multiple files based on geography. Table 1 has two files: Table 1.1 includes Canada, Provinces and Territories (14 geographies), CDs of NWT (6), CDs of Yukon (1) and CDs of Nunavut (3); and Table 1.2 includes Canada and the CMAs of Canada (44). Table 2 has three files: Table 2.1 includes Canada, Provinces and Territories (14), CDs of NWT (6), CDs of Yukon (1) and CDs of Nunavut (3); Table 2.2 includes Canada and the CMAs of Canada excluding Ontario and Quebec (20 geographies); and Table 2.3 includes Canada and the CMAs of Canada that are in Ontario and Quebec (25 geographies). The dataset is in Beyond 20/20 (.ivt) format. The Beyond 20/20 browser is required in order to open it. This software can be freely downloaded from the Statistics Canada website: https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/public/beyond20-20 (Windows only). For information on how to use Beyond 20/20, please see: http://odesi2.scholarsportal.info/documentation/Beyond2020/beyond20-quickstart.pdf https://wiki.ubc.ca/Library:Beyond_20/20_Guide Custom order from Statistics Canada includes the following dimensions and data fields: Geography: - Country of Canada as a whole - All 10 Provinces (Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island (PEI), Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia) as a whole - All 3 Territories (Nunavut, Northwest Territories, Yukon), as a whole as well as all census divisions (CDs) within the 3 territories - All 43 census metropolitan areas (CMAs) in Canada Data Quality and Suppression: - The global non-response rate (GNR) is an important measure of census data quality. It combines total non-response (households) and partial non-response (questions). A lower GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and, as a result, a lower risk of inaccuracy. The counts and estimates for geographic areas with a GNR equal to or greater than 50% are not published in the standard products. The counts and estimates for these areas have a high risk of non-response bias, and in most cases, should not be released. - Area suppression is used to replace all income characteristic data with an 'x' for geographic areas with populations and/or number of households below a specific threshold. If a tabulation contains quantitative income data (e.g., total income, wages), qualitative data based on income concepts (e.g., low income before tax status) or derived data based on quantitative income variables (e.g., indexes) for individuals, families or households, then the following rule applies: income characteristic data are replaced with an 'x' for areas where the population is less than 250 or where the number of private households is less than 40. Source: Statistics Canada - When showing count data, Statistics Canada employs random rounding in order to reduce the possibility of identifying individuals within the tabulations. Random rounding transforms all raw counts to random rounded counts. Reducing the possibility of identifying individuals within the tabulations becomes pertinent for very small (sub)populations. All counts are rounded to a base of 5, meaning they will end in either 0 or 5. The random rounding algorithm controls the results and rounds the unit value of the count according to a predetermined frequency. Counts ending in 0 or 5 are not changed. Universe: Full Universe: Population aged 55 years and over in owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-reserve non-farm private dwellings. Definition of Households examined for Core Housing Need: Private, non-farm, non-reserve, owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'Core Housing Need.' Non-family Households with at least one household maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in Core Housing Need, regardless of their housing circumstances. Data Fields: Table 1: Age / Gender (12) 1. Total – Population 55 years and over 2. Men+ 3. Women+ 4. 55 to 64 years 5. Men+ 6. Women+ 7. 65+ years 8. Men+ 9. Women+ 10. 85+ 11. Men+ 12. Women+ Housing indicators (13) 1. Total – Private Households by core housing need status 2. Households below one standard only...

Data behind the Map of the Geographic Areas of Higher Poverty from the 2021 Census. Please see pp.26-7 of the Poverty Reduction Strategy (https://legacy.winnipeg.ca/interhom/cityhall/pdfs/Poverty-Reduction-Strategy.pdf) for the definition of "high poverty area". MBM is Statistics Canada's Market Basket Measure. LICO-AT refers to Statistics Canada's Low Income Cut-Off After Tax. A Census DA is considered to fall within a Ward or Neighbourhood if its center-point does.

Population statistics used to calculate percentages is from the 100% data in the 2021 Census and were obtained using cancensus. von Bergmann, J., Aaron Jacobs, Dmitry Shkolnik (2022). cancensus: R package to access, retrieve, and work with Canadian Census data and geography. v0.5.7.

MBM Data for this publication were obtained through the Canadian Community Economic Development Network's Community Data Program (https://communitydata.ca/). Statistics Canada. 2021. Target Group Profile of The Low-income Population (MBM), Census, 2021. Census of Canada (database). Community Data Program (distributor). Communitydata.ca (accessed October 28, 2024).

This dataset provides information on Benefits Amounts for Income Supplement and the Allowances according to income level and marital status. This is updated on a quarterly basis. The following tables of amounts will provide you with the amount of your monthly benefit, which will be based on your age, income level and marital status. The dataset is updated for October - December 2025 quarter.

Legal clinics in Canada may provide a variety of services, the most usual being free legal information, summary advice, coaching, and representation to low-income clients who meet certain eligibility criteria. Although one or more of these core services may exist in any given clinic, there is no national mandated model of service (in terms of either type or extent of service) for clinics in Canada. This study describes legal clinics in the country concerning funding and delivery models, profiles of clients and their legal needs, data collection, and measures put in place to serve clients in the context of COVID-19. Three methodologies explore the similarities and differences across the country: a literature review, an on-line scan of clinics, and interviews with key informants in all 13 jurisdictions.

The CLB is available to children born on or after January 1, 2004, who are from low-income families or getting benefits under the Children’s Special Allowance Act. The CLB provides an initial payment of $500, and $100 for each year of eligibility up to age 15 (to a maximum of $2,000) and is retroactive. This means CLB payments can be requested for years the beneficiary was eligible, even for years before they were named in an RESP. Personal contributions are not required to receive the CLB. The table consists of quarterly data beginning with the period ending on December 31, 2006. The first column presents the number of children who have ever received the CLB, the second column presents the number of eligible children in the given Forward Sortation Area (sourced from the Canada Revenue Agency), and the third column presents the participation rate or the proportion of children receiving the CLB in relation to the eligible population. All population counts of 30 or below are censored due to privacy issues. ********************************************************* A methodological note on the cumulative CLB file - as of March 14, 2024 The cumulative CLB file is an update of the CLB data from consecutive editions of the Quarterly National CLB report by Forward Sortation Area (FSA). The current file is updated using CLB data from the last four quarters (Q3 2024 through to Q2 2024) that can be found in the Q4 2024 National CLB report. The Q4 2024 report also contains the updated FSA values from the December 2024 release of Statistics Canada’s Postal Code Conversion File. In this edition no FSA values were created and no FSA values were removed. Updates of the historical and recent CLB data, in the cumulative file, are adjusted to reflect the new and old FSA values. All counts of 30 or under are not included and are represented with an asterisk in the Quarterly National CLB report by FSA. The Quarterly National CLB report by FSA presents CLB data by FSA and does not include the CLB aggregated data at either the national or province and territory levels. As of January 1, 2022, individuals eligible for the CLB who were born in 2004 or after but did not receive it yet can apply for the benefit when they turn 18. As a result, adult beneficiaries (i.e., those who receive it between the ages of 18 and 20) are included in beneficiary counts from 2022 onward. The primary source of data that is used to produce these numbers comes from the Canada Education Savings Program’s administrative data. Some updates (e.g., reversals, repayments, data errors, and reporting delays) may have been introduced in the Canada Education Savings Program’s administrative data that could affect the previous reporting periods. As a result, the values in the latest quarterly report supersede the previous quarterly reports. Please note that the Open Government Portal provides data that add to those already available in the Canada Education Savings Program Annual Statistical Review. The most recent version of the report, which includes data up to 2024, was published on August 5, 2024 and can be found here: https://www.canada.ca/en/employment-social-development/services/student-financial-aid/education-savings/reports/statistical-review.html

Canada CA: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Japan data was reported at 900.679 CAD mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 101.770 CAD mn for 2022. Canada CA: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Japan data is updated yearly, averaging 1,391.000 CAD mn from Dec 2011 (Median) to 2023, with 12 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3,256.358 CAD mn in 2020 and a record low of 38.074 CAD mn in 2021. Canada CA: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Japan data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Canada – Table CA.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: by Region and Country: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment:Reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) cannot be identified but is believed to be extremely rare. Netting of reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. In the case of Canada, any extension of loans by the DIE to its parent is netted out from inward and outward transactions and positions, regardless of the DIE's equity ownership in its parent. Treatment of debt transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: asset/liability basis. FDI transactions and positions by partner country and by industry include resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs), which cannot yet be reported separately. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book values. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book values. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Book value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Inward FDI positions according to the ultimate counterparty (the ultimate investing country) are also available and publishable. In the dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary', inward FDI positions are showed according to the UIC. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered except in outward FDI positions. Collective investment institutions are covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the resident direct investor. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

This table contains 186 series (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (1 item: Canada); Income quintile (6 items: All quintiles; Lowest income quintile; Second income quintile; Third income quintile; ...); Socio-demographic characteristics (31 items: All households; One-person households; Single less than 65 years; Single 65 years and older; ...).

The Measuring the Effectiveness of Student Aid (MESA) dataset comprises a sample of low income students receiving student financial aid in 2006-07. Students were contacted first (Cycle I) in February-May of that academic year (the precise date varying by province), and were then followed up in 2007-08 (Cycle II), contacted in February April of that year. Students will be contacted again in 2008-09 for the last time. The dataset represents a national sample, including all provinces-except for Prince Edward Island. In the spring and summer of 2005, the Canada Millennium Scholarship Foundation negotiated a series of agreements with provincial governments to deliver a set of bursaries (known as “Access Bursaries”) to first-time, first-year undergraduates from low-income families. These agreements are all broadly similar though eligibility criteria vary slightly by jurisdiction (section 1, below, describes the Access Bursaries as they exist in each province). Students do not need to apply for the award separately; instead, they are automatically considered for the award through their application for provincial student assistance. The sample represents a particular subset of the students who received student financial aid in their first year of postsecondary education in 2006 07. In the majority of the provinces, this subset consists of the students who received a Low Income Bursary from the Millennium Scholarship Foundation. In British Columbia and Nova Scotia, a control group made up of students who received financial aid but not the Millennium Bursary was surveyed as well. The Ontario sample is made up those Millennium Bursary recipients who also received a Canada Access Grant and those who did not, with sub-samples selected from each group (all appear together in the data but can be separately identified). The Bursary and the Grant are awarded in similar amounts, but the eligibility requirements are different. This dataset was freely received from the Canada Millennium Scholarship Foundation. Some work was required for the variable and value labels, and missing values. They were corrected as best as possible with the documentation received. Caution should be used with this dataset as some variables are lacking information.

This dataset includes one dataset which was custom ordered from Statistics Canada.The table includes information on housing suitability and shelter-cost-to-income ratio by number of bedrooms, housing tenure, age of primary household maintainer, household type, and income quartile ranges for census subdivisions in British Columbia. The dataset is in Beyond 20/20 (.ivt) format. The Beyond 20/20 browser is required in order to open it. This software can be freely downloaded from the Statistics Canada website: https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/public/beyond20-20 (Windows only). For information on how to use Beyond 20/20, please see: http://odesi2.scholarsportal.info/documentation/Beyond2020/beyond20-quickstart.pdf https://wiki.ubc.ca/Library:Beyond_20/20_Guide Custom order from Statistics Canada includes the following dimensions and variables: Geography: Non-reserve CSDs in British Columbia - 299 geographies The global non-response rate (GNR) is an important measure of census data quality. It combines total non-response (households) and partial non-response (questions). A lower GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and, as a result, a lower risk of inaccuracy. The counts and estimates for geographic areas with a GNR equal to or greater than 50% are not published in the standard products. The counts and estimates for these areas have a high risk of non-response bias, and in most cases, should not be released. Housing Tenure Including Presence of Mortgage (5) 1. Total – Private non-band non-farm off-reserve households with an income greater than zero by housing tenure 2. Households who own 3. With a mortgage1 4. Without a mortgage 5. Households who rent Notes: 1) Presence of mortgage - Refers to whether the owner households reported mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling. 2015 Before-tax Household Income Quartile Ranges (5) 1. Total – Private households by quartile ranges1, 2, 3 2. Count of households under or at quartile 1 3. Count of households between quartile 1 and quartile 2 (median) (including at quartile 2) 4. Count of households between quartile 2 (median) and quartile 3 (including at quartile 3) 5. Count of households over quartile 3 Notes: 1) A private household will be assigned to a quartile range depending on its CSD-level location and depending on its tenure (owned and rented). Quartile ranges for owned households in a specific CSD are delimited by the 2015 before-tax income quartiles of owned households with an income greater than zero and residing in non-farm off-reserve dwellings in that CSD. Quartile ranges for rented households in a specific CSD are delimited by the 2015 before-tax income quartiles of rented households with an income greater than zero and residing in non-farm off-reserve dwellings in that CSD. 2) For the income quartiles dollar values (the delimiters) please refer to Table 1. 3) Quartiles 1 to 3 are suppressed if the number of actual records used in the calculation (not rounded or weighted) is less than 16. For cases in which the renters’ quartiles or the owners’ quartiles (figures from Table 1) of a CSD are suppressed the CSD is assigned to a quartile range depending on the provincial renters’ or owners’ quartile figures. Number of Bedrooms (Unit Size) (6) 1. Total – Private households by number of bedrooms1 2. 0 bedrooms (Bachelor/Studio) 3. 1 bedroom 4. 2 bedrooms 5. 3 bedrooms 6. 4 bedrooms Note: 1) Dwellings with 5 bedrooms or more included in the total count only. Housing Suitability (6) 1. Total - Housing suitability 2. Suitable 3. Not suitable 4. One bedroom shortfall 5. Two bedroom shortfall 6. Three or more bedroom shortfall Note: 1) 'Housing suitability' refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS. 'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members. Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies. Shelter-cost-to-income-ratio (4) 1. Total – Private non-band non-farm off-reserve households with an income greater than zero 2. Spending less than 30% of households total income on shelter costs 3. Spending 30% or more of households total income on shelter costs 4. Spending 50% or more of households total income on shelter costs Note: 'Shelter-cost-to-income ratio' refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs. Household Statistics (8) 1....

This table contains 692 series, with data for years 1996 - 1996 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years), and is no longer being released. This table contains data described by the following dimensions (Not all combinations are available): Geography (173 items: Canada; Newfoundland and Labrador; Health and Community Services St. John's Region, Newfoundland and Labrador; Health and Community Services Eastern Region, Newfoundland and Labrador; ...);  Characteristics (4 items: Average personal income; Standard error - average personal income; Low 95% confidence interval - average personal income; High 95% confidence interval - average personal income).