In the third quarter of 2025, Bermuda had the highest household electricity prices worldwide, followed by Ireland, Italy, and Germany. At the time, Irish households were charged around 0.44 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour, while in Italy, the price stood at 0.42 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. By comparison, in Russia, residents paid almost 10 times less. What is behind electricity prices? Electricity prices vary widely across the world and sometimes even within a country itself, depending on factors like infrastructure, geography, and politically determined taxes and levies. For example, in Denmark, Belgium, and Sweden, taxes constitute a significant portion of residential end-user electricity prices. Reliance on fossil fuel imports Meanwhile, thanks to their great crude oil and natural gas production output, countries like Iran, Qatar, and Russia enjoy some of the cheapest electricity prices in the world. Here, the average household pays less than 0.1 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. In contrast, countries heavily reliant on fossil fuel imports for electricity generation are more vulnerable to market price fluctuations.

The average wholesale electricity price in September 2025 in the United Kingdom is forecast to amount to*******British pounds per megawatt-hour, a decrease from the previous month. A record high was reached in August 2022 when day-ahead baseload contracts averaged ***** British pounds per megawatt-hour. Electricity price stabilization in Europe Electricity prices increased in 2024 compared to the previous year, when prices stabilized after the energy supply shortage. Price spikes were driven by the growing wholesale prices of natural gas and coal worldwide, which are among the main sources of power in the region.

… and in the United Kingdom? The United Kingdom was one of the countries with the highest electricity prices worldwide during the energy crisis. Since then, prices have been stabilizing, almost to pre-energy crisis levels. The use of nuclear, wind, and bioenergy for electricity generation has been increasing recently. The fuel types are an alternative to fossil fuels and are part of the country's power generation plans going into the future.

UK Electricity decreased 23.24 GBP/MWh or 22.68% since the beginning of 2025, according to the latest spot benchmarks offered by sellers to buyers priced in megawatt hour (MWh). This dataset includes a chart with historical data for the United Kingdom Electricity Price.

In September 2024, industrial electricity prices in the European countries of Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom were among the highest in the world, at around **** U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. Singapore was the Asian country with the highest electricity bill worldwide at that time. Lowest electricity prices in the world The average retail electricity price in the United States was considerably lower than in most of Europe. Iceland was the European country with one of the lowest electricity bills for enterprises that month. At the bottom of the ranking were also Russia, Iraq, Qatar, Argentina, and Libya. In these countries, commercial electricity prices amounted to less than *** U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour. Household electricity prices In addition, European countries had the highest household electricity prices worldwide that month, with Italy at the top of the ranking. By comparison, Iran and Ethiopia had the lowest residential electricity prices in the world.

UK Gas fell to 72.60 GBp/thm on December 2, 2025, down 1.67% from the previous day. Over the past month, UK Gas's price has fallen 11.75%, and is down 40.33% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. UK Natural Gas - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

The average gas price in Great Britain in July 2025 was 79.28 British pence per therm. This was five pence lower than the same month the year prior and follows a trend of increasing gas prices. Energy prices in the UK Energy prices in the UK have been exceptionally volatile throughout the 2020s. Multiple factors, such as a lack of gas storage availability and the large share of gas in heating, have exacerbated the supply issue in the UK that followed the Russia-Ukraine war. This has also led to many smaller suppliers announcing bankruptcy, while an upped price cap threatened the energy security of numerous households. The United Kingdom has some of the highest household electricity prices worldwide. How is gas used in the UK? According to a 2023 survey conducted by the UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, 58 percent of respondents used gas as a heating method during the winter months. On average, household expenditure on energy from gas in the UK stood at some 24.9 billion British pounds in 2023, double the amount spent just two years prior.

Electricity prices in Europe are expected to remain volatile through 2025, with Italy projected to have some of the highest rates among major European economies. This trend reflects the ongoing challenges in the energy sector, including the transition to renewable sources and the impact of geopolitical events on supply chains. Despite efforts to stabilize the market, prices still have not returned to pre-pandemic levels, such as in countries like Italy, where prices are forecast to reach ****** euros per megawatt hour in September 2025. Natural gas futures shaping electricity costs The electricity market's future trajectory is closely tied to natural gas prices, a key component in power generation. Dutch TTF gas futures, a benchmark for European natural gas prices, are projected to be ***** euros per megawatt hour in July 2025. The reduced output from the Groningen gas field and increased reliance on imports further complicate the pricing landscape, potentially contributing to higher electricity costs in countries like Italy. Regional disparities and global market influences While European electricity prices remain high, significant regional differences persist. For instance, natural gas prices in the United States are expected to be roughly one-third of those in Europe by March 2025, at **** U.S. dollars per million British thermal units. This stark contrast highlights the impact of domestic production capabilities on global natural gas prices. Europe's greater reliance on imports, particularly in the aftermath of geopolitical tensions and the shift away from Russian gas, continues to keep prices elevated compared to more self-sufficient markets. As a result, countries like Italy may face sustained pressure on electricity prices due to their position within the broader European energy market. As of August 2025, electricity prices in Italy have decreased to ****** euros per megawatt hour, reflecting ongoing volatility in the market.

This dataset provides values for ELECTRICITY PRICE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Residential electricity prices in the United Kingdom amounted to 0.35 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour in March 2024, a decrease in electricity prices for households in the UK from the previous year.

The electricity delivery process has experienced a major shift in recent years, driven by a push to reduce emissions. Governments across Europe are actively moving away from conventional sources of electricity generation, leading to a decline in the continent's dependency on fossil fuels. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), renewables accounted for 41.7% of electricity generation in Europe in 2022, up from 32.9% in 2017. The rise of renewables has spurred an influx of renewable generators and necessitated increased investment in electricity networks. This has lifted revenue for transmission and distribution network operators. Revenue is forecast to rise at a compound annual rate of 8.7% over the five years through 2025, reaching €2.8 billion. Falling wholesale prices and a reduction in overall electricity consumption spurred a drop in revenue during the pandemic. Excess demand for natural gas as economies loosened pandemic-related restrictions spurred a strong rebound in wholesale electricity prices in 2021, translating to a jump in revenue. Wholesale prices recorded a renewed spike following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, spurring a surge in revenue generated by electricity producers and suppliers. Renewable generators were able to rake in extra profit from electricity sold to wholesale markets at inflated prices, counterbalancing a significant rise in costs for fossil fuel generators and electricity suppliers. Wholesale prices have since come down as Europe has diversified its fuel mix away from Russian gas. Revenue is forecast to decline by 5.1% in the current year. Revenue is forecast to increase at a compound annual rate of 0.3% over the five years through 2030 to €2.9 billion. The revised Renewable Energy Directive of the EU has set a goal for 69% of electricity to be generated from renewables by 2030. Electricity generators will continue expanding their renewables capacity, while investment in upgrading the electricity network to accommodate the rapid shift to renewables will boost income for transmission and distribution network operators. Rising renewable electricity generation will place downward pressure on wholesale prices, though the electrification of heat and transport is set to spur an uptick in demand for electricity across the continent.

The global energy price index stood at around 101.5 in 2024. Energy prices were on a decreasing trend that year, and forecasts suggest the price index would decrease below 80 by 2026. Price indices show the development of prices for goods or services over time relative to a base year. Commodity prices may be dependent on various factors, from supply and demand to overall economic growth. Electricity prices around the world As with overall fuel prices, electricity costs for end users are dependent on power infrastructure, technology type, domestic production, and governmental levies and taxes. Generally, electricity prices are lower in countries with great coal and gas resources, as those have historically been the main sources for electricity generation. This is one of the reasons why electricity prices are lowest in resource-rich countries such as Iran, Qatar, and Russia. Meanwhile, many European governments that have introduced renewable surcharges to support the deployment of solar and wind power and are at the same time dependent on fossil fuel imports, have the highest household electricity prices. Benchmark oil prices One of the commodities found within the energy market is oil. Oil is the main raw material for all common motor fuels, from gasoline to kerosene. In resource-poor and remote regions such as the United States' states of Alaska and Hawaii, or the European country of Cyprus, it is also one of the largest sources for electricity generation. Benchmark oil prices such as Europe’s Brent, the U.S.' WTI, or the OPEC basket are often used as indicators for the overall energy price development.

Wholesale electricity prices in the United Kingdom hit a record-high in 2022, reaching **** British pence per kilowatt-hour that year. Projections indicate that prices are bound to decrease steadily in the next few years, falling under **** pence per kilowatt-hour by 2030.

Electricity Price: HC: 15000 KwH & Above: excl VAT & Other Recoverable Taxes & Levies: EU excl UK data was reported at 0.216 EUR/kWh in Dec 2024. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.222 EUR/kWh for Jun 2024. Electricity Price: HC: 15000 KwH & Above: excl VAT & Other Recoverable Taxes & Levies: EU excl UK data is updated semiannually, averaging 0.156 EUR/kWh from Jun 2007 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 36 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.231 EUR/kWh in Jun 2023 and a record low of 0.112 EUR/kWh in Dec 2007. Electricity Price: HC: 15000 KwH & Above: excl VAT & Other Recoverable Taxes & Levies: EU excl UK data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Eurostat. The data is categorized under Global Database’s European Union – Table EU.P001: Eurostat: Electricity Price: Household Consumers.

The UK's electricity transmission network is made up of four high-voltage onshore transmission networks owned by the National Grid Electricity Transmission plc, SP Transmission plc, Scottish Hydro Electric Transmission plc and Northern Ireland Electricity Networks Ltd. Each company operates a regional monopoly on different transmission networks and is heavily regulated through price controls. The tight oversight by Ofgem keeps profit in check to ensure suitable investment in the network and fair prices for consumers. Fluctuating balance costs have caused it to take a hit over the past five years. Revenue is anticipated to swell at a compound annual rate of 7.2% to reach £8.4 billion over the five years through 2025-26. Network expansion driven by government efforts to decarbonise the electricity supply chain has supported transmission revenue in recent years, with the price controls set based on investment, innovation and output. Reduced transmission revenue due to lower electricity demand during the pandemic was offset by higher pass-through costs recovered by National Grid Electricity System Operator (ESO) in the form of record constraint payments paid to generators during the pandemic. The energy crisis led to soaring system balancing costs, as intermittent renewables increased reliance on expensive imported gas. However, balancing tariffs were dropped in 2024-25 due to the overcollection of fees the previous year, with the new National Energy System Operator generating over £800 million in profit. In 2025-26, revenue is expected to grow by 1.4%, bolstered by network investments and higher balancing costs in the second half of the year. However, lower energy demand due to good weather is restricting growth. Revenue is expected to rise at a compound annual rate of 0.7% over the five years through 2030-31, reaching £8.7 billion. Investment in the grid to meet the needs of decarbonising the energy supply chain will likely result in rising transmission charges, spurring renewed growth. Additionally, the implementation of RIIO-3 from April 2026 will see transmission tariffs rise, contributing to revenue growth. The digitalisation of the economy will also bolster electricity demand and advances in artificial intelligence present opportunities for companies to improve efficiency.

Greater awareness about the effects of climate change has driven an aggressive decarbonising strategy spearheaded by renewables. Government targets and incentives encourage major investment in renewable assets among UK energy giants. Technology developments have boosted potential generating capacity, particularly in offshore wind, which has grown the fastest of all renewable energy sources. According to the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero, the share of electricity generated by major power producers from renewables surged from 34.5% in 2019-20 to 42.4% in 2023-24. Renewable generators' revenue is slated to climb at a compound annual rate of 8.7% over the five years through 2024-25 to reach £14.5 billion. Growth has been underpinned by the UK’s rapid expansion of renewable generating capacity. Offshore wind has recorded the most significant expansion in generation volumes as investors look to take advantage of technological advancements to tap into the UK's abundant natural resources. Soaring wholesale prices have added to revenue growth since H2 2021-22; however, operators of renewable generation assets that operate under a Contract for Difference (CfD) have been required to pay back the difference between wholesale prices and CfD strike prices, limiting the impact of a surge in wholesale prices on operating profit. Inflation-linked increases to fixed price mechanisms have also boosted growth. Revenue is forecast to jump by 11.4% in 2024-25. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 11.1% over the five years through 2029-30 to reach £24.6 billion. The UK already has a strong pipeline of renewable assets set for delivery in the coming years, with ongoing government support likely to fuel further investment. In the short term, increased capacity is set against a backdrop of falling strike prices, though the extent of capacity expansion should support further growth. Hikes in strike prices secured in the most recent CfD allocation round will also boost growth in the longer term. Rising battery storage capacity should help support growth in renewables' share of the UK energy mix by reducing barriers associated with intermittent supplies of renewable power.

Energy consumption readings for a sample of 5,567 London Households that took part in the UK Power Networks led Low Carbon London project between November 2011 and February 2014. Readings were taken at half hourly intervals. The customers in the trial were recruited as a balanced sample representative of the Greater London population. The dataset contains energy consumption, in kWh (per half hour), unique household identifier, date and time. The CSV file is around 10GB when unzipped and contains around 167million rows. Within the data set are two groups of customers. The first is a sub-group, of approximately 1100 customers, who were subjected to Dynamic Time of Use (dToU) energy prices throughout the 2013 calendar year period. The tariff prices were given a day ahead via the Smart Meter IHD (In Home Display) or text message to mobile phone. Customers were issued High (67.20p/kWh), Low (3.99p/kWh) or normal (11.76p/kWh) price signals and the times of day these applied. The dates/times and the price signal schedule is availaible as part of this dataset. All non-Time of Use customers were on a flat rate tariff of 14.228pence/kWh. The signals given were designed to be representative of the types of signal that may be used in the future to manage both high renewable generation (supply following) operation and also test the potential to use high price signals to reduce stress on local distribution grids during periods of stress. The remaining sample of approximately 4500 customers energy consumption readings were not subject to the dToU tariff. More information can be found on the Low Carbon London webpage