Negotiated Wage Growth In the Euro Area decreased to 2.38 percent in the first quarter of 2025 from 4.12 percent in the fourth quarter of 2024. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Euro Area Negotiated Wage Growth.

Wages In the Euro Area increased 3.40 percent in March of 2025 over the same month in the previous year. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Wage Growth - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Real wages in the Eurozone showed a negative trend for the second year in a row, as high inflation caused the real value of wages to decline by almost *** percent. Real wage growth is measured by adjusting nominal wage growth - that is, the growth of wages in monetary values - for inflation, or changes in the average price of the basket of goods. This means that in 2023, a worker would be able to buy *** percent less than they would have in 2022, assuming their wages grew by the *** percent nominal wage growth which was seen across the Eurozone in 2023.

This statistic shows a forecast for the development of the real wages in the member states of the European Union in 2024. In 2024, the real wages in Romania are forecasted to increase by 5.9 percent compared to the previous year.

The country with the highest minimum wage rate in Europe during the first half of 2025 was Luxembourg, with a minimum wage of 2638 euros. Ireland, the Netherlands, and Germany were the countries with the next highest minimum wages, all above 2000 euros a month, while Albania, Bulgaria, and Montenegro had the lowest minimum wages in the same period.

Net annual earnings for a single earner family with two children in the European Union have increased from 25,434 euros in 2013 to 33,939 euros over the period from 2013 to 2023. Net earnings received a boost during the pandemic years of 2020 and 2021, in spite of gross earnings decreasing in 2020, due to reduced taxes and increased family allowances.

Germany had an average salary of 65.7 thousand U.S dollars per year in 2023, the highest among the five largest European economies. Germany has consistently had the highest wages in Europe over the last thirty years. Many countries in Europe experienced a significant decrease in their average wage level following the global financial crisis of 2008, with France and Germany bucking this trend by retaining robust wage growth. While British wages have stagnated since the crash, only surpassing their 2007 level in 2019, Italian and Spanish wages have in fact fallen, driven by the macroeconomic troubles of these countries since the Eurozone crisis.

Between 2024 and 2027, wages in Poland were forecasted to increase, but with a much larger rise in 2024 compared to 2026. While wages grew by **** percent in 2024, a more modest increase of *** percent was projected for 2027. The lowest salary growth was forecast for the fourth quarter of 2027 with an increase of only *** percent.  Wage growth trends in relation to other economic indicators in Poland  Between 2008 and 2022, the average gross salary was higher than the median gross salary in Poland. Overall, wage growth in Poland slightly outpaced inflation during the observed period, though inflation exceeded wage growth in the first quarter of 2023. Wages in Europe  By 2024, Poland's average net salary ranked as the ****** highest among all Central and Eastern European countries. There were significant disparities between the country with the highest net salary and the one with the lowest: *******. 

Disposable Personal Income In the Euro Area increased to 2373211 EUR Million in the fourth quarter of 2024 from 2351840 EUR Million in the third quarter of 2024. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - Euro Area Disposable Personal Income - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Different economic growth episodes display very different distributional characteristics, both across countries and over time. Growth is sometimes accompanied by rising and sometimes by falling inequality. Applied economists have come to rely on the growth incidence curve, which gives the quantile-specific rate of income growth over a certain period, to describe these differences. This paper introduces a mean-independent analogue, the delta Lorenz curve, which gives the cumulative change in income share up to each quantile. We also develop estimation and inference procedures for both functions of quantiles. We establish the limiting null distribution of the test statistics of interest for those functions, and propose resampling methods to implement inference in practice. The proposed methods are used to compare the growth processes in the USA and Brazil during 1995-2007. Although growth in the average real wages was disappointing in both countries, the distribution of that growth was markedly different. In the USA, wage growth was mediocre for the bottom 80% of the sample, but much more rapid for the top 20%. In Brazil, conversely, wage growth was rapid below the median, and negative at the top. Wage shares fell in the USA up to the 83rd percentile, and rose in Brazil up to the 65th percentile.

Since the oil price shock in 1974 unemployment increased significantly and also did not really decline in periods of economic upswings in Europe. This is especially the case for the countries of the European Union; therefore we face a special need for explanation. Looking at the member states on finds considerable differences. Since 1977 the unemployment rate within the EU is higher than the average unemployment rate of all OECD countries. The economic upswing in the second half of the 80s relaxed the labor market but nevertheless the unemployment rate remained on a high level. This study deals with the development of unemployment between 1974 and 1993 in four different G7 countries: Germany, France, Great Britain and Italy.

Besides the common trend of an increasing unemployment rate, there are significantly different developments within the four countries. The analysis is divided in two parts: the first part looks at the reasons for the increase in unemployment in the considered countries; the second part aims to explain the difference between the developments of unemployment during economic cycles in the different countries.

After the description of similarities and differences of labor markets in the four countries it follows a long term analysis based on annual data as well as a short and medium term analysis on quarterly data. This is due to the fact that short and medium term developments are mainly influenced by cyclical economic developments but long term developments are mainly influenced by other factors like demographical and structural changes. A concrete question within this framework is if an increase in production potential can contribute to a decrease in unemployment.

For the long term analysis among others the Hysteresis-hypothesis (Hysteresis = Greek: to remain; denotes the remaining effect; in this context: remaining of unemployment) used for the explanation of the persistence of a high unemployment rate.

According to this approach consisting unemployment is barely decreased after economic recovery despite full utilization of capacity. According to the Hysteresis-hypothesis there are two reasons for this. The first reason is that for long term unemployed the abilities to work and the qualification level decreased, their human capital is partly devalued. The second reason is that employees give up wage restraint, because they do not fear unemployment anymore and therefore enforce higher real wages. Besides economic recovery companies are not willing to hire long term unemployed with a lower expected productivity for the higher established tariff wages. In the context of the empirical investigation a multiple explanatory approach is chosen which takes supply side and demand side factors into consideration.

The short and medium term analysis refers to Okun´s law (=an increase in the unemployment rate is connected with a decrease of the GDP; if the unemployment rate stays unchanged, the GDP grows with 3% p.a.) and aims to analyze more detailed the reactions of unemployment to economic cycles. A geometrical lag-model is compared with a lag-model ager Almon. This should ensure a precise as possible analysis of the Okun´s relations and coefficients.

Register of tables in HISTAT:

A.: Unemployment in the European G7 countries B.: Analysis of unemployment in the Federal Republic of Germany C.: Basic numbers: International comparison

A.: Unemployment in the European G7 countries A.1. Determinates of unemployment in the EU, Germany (1974-1993) A.2. Determinates of unemployment in the EU, France (1974-1993) A.3. Determinates of unemployment in the EU, Great Britain (1974-1993) A.4. Determinates of unemployment in the EU, Italy (1974-1993)

B: Analysis of unemployment in the Federal Republic of Germany B.1. Growth of unemployment in the Federal Republic of Germany (1984-1991) B.2. Output and unemployment in the Federal Republic of Germany (1961-1990)

C: Basic numbers: International comparison C.1. Unemployment in EU countries, the USA, Japan and Switzerland (1960-1996) C.2. Gainful employments in EU countries, the USA, Japan and Switzerland (after inland and residency concept) (1960-1996) C.3. Employees in EU countries, the USA and Japan (1960-1996) C.4. Population in EU countries, the USA and Japan (1960-1996)

As a strong reformer among the Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC), Latvia has recorded a dramatic economic improvement recent years, with relatively strong growth, increased investment rates, and clear signs of easing labor market conditions. A stabilization package designed around a fixed exchange rate regime, and prudent fiscal policies, as well as structural reforms, have yielded good results, although the current account deficit is still high, and the fiscal stance has deteriorated somewhat since 2001. Unemployment has declined from its peak of almost 21 percent in the mid-1990s, to about 12 percent in 2002. Since 2000, youth and the elderly have been more active in the labor market, while prime age employment is on the rise. Factors explaining the decline in unemployment include: changes in demographics; stronger growth and investment; and, progress in structural reforms. Yet, some substantial problems remain and must be addressed. Migration and commuting between regions are impaired by high transportation costs and underdeveloped housing markets; incomes are low in rural areas nationwide; Latvia's labor force features a skills mismatch; taxes on labor use are relatively high, which includes high contributions to social programs; and, investors have raised concerns on factors that would prevent the development of knowledge-intensive sectors. Convergence to European Union (EU) income levels will take time - Latvia's per capita income stands only at about 33 percent of the EU average in purchasing power standards. The 2000 European Council of Lisbon set ambitious targets for raising employment rates in the EU, though in the short to medium term, implementation of the remaining policy agenda, could help Latvia meet the Lisbon targets. Furthermore, as Latvia becomes a member of the EU in May 2004, and prepares to adopt the euro, its flexible labor market will be key for sustaining macroeconomic performance, and accelerating convergence. The report proposes pursuing sound macroeconomic policies to further job creation; reducing informality: a lower tax burden on labor use is likely to have a fiscal cost in the short term, but this must be weighed against the potentially great positive effects of attracting business to the formal sector; thus, pursuing structural reforms to continue attracting foreign direct investment; improving skills for low-wage, unskilled workers through training programs, and the acceleration of reforms in the education sector. Finally, within the social sectors recommendations suggest changing the composition of social protection spending to improve social assistance benefits for poor families, while improving the rates of receipt of transfer payments across social groups.

In December 2024, the inflation rate for food in the European Union (EU) reached 2.4 percent compared to the same month the year prior. Starting in the beginning of 2022, food prices started to rise rapidly. In March 2023, the food inflation rate in the EU reached its peak at 19.19 percent. Since April 2023, the rate started to decrease. Food inflation in Europe One of the main drivers of the increase in consumer prices was the rapid rise in energy prices. In the energy sector, the harmonized index of consumer prices inflation of the EU, a concept to measure and compare inflation internationally, was at 41.1 percent in June 2022, whereas the other categories were all below 10 percent. In Germany, the year-on-year consumer price index development for food and beverages was at 12.33 percent in the year 2023, just a slight dip from the all-time high of 12.51 percent in 2022. By 2024, this had dropped to 1.92 percent. There are a number of ways in which European consumers are trying to save on food costs due to rising prices. The most popular way to deal with the rising food prices is to reduce at-home food waste. An average of about half of consumers in selected European countries stated that this is how they responded to the price increases. Other popular ways were to buy only the essentials or to purchase mostly store brands. Food inflation worldwide In 2022, Europe and Central Asia were the regions with the highest food inflation rates worldwide. The rate of food inflation in those regions was about 18 percent in 2022, which is more than twice as high as it was in the previous year. In Latin America and the Caribbean, the food inflation rate rose from 5.4 to 11.9 percent during the same period. When categorized by income classification, low-income countries have significantly higher food price inflation, as compared to lower-middle-, upper-middle-, and high-income countries. On average, low-income countries had a food price inflation rate of about 30 percent in 2023. The world average rate was at 6.5 percent. Zimbabwe was the country with the highest level of real food inflation worldwide. The southern African country experienced a food inflation of approximately 46 percent in 2024. This was more than two times as high as in any other country in the world.

This statistic shows the average life expectancy in Europe for those born in 2024, by gender and region. The average life expectancy in Western Europe was 79 years for males and 84 years for females in 2024. Additional information on European life expectancy The difference in life expectancy seen between men and women across all European regions is in line with the global trends of women outliving men, on average. The average life expectancy at birth worldwide by income group shows that the gender life expectancy gap is not only a consistent trend across countries, but also income groups. Moreover, the higher life expectancy for those in high income groups may help to explain the lower average life expectancy for those born in Eastern Europe where average incomes are generally lower than other European regions. Although income and length of life are not directly correlated, higher income individuals are generally able to afford access to superior nutrition and healthcare as well as having leisure time for exercise. That said, current trends in the increases in life expectancy worldwide by country between 1970 and 2017 suggest economic growth will lead to larger increases in life expectancy. Those increases are less likely to occur to such a degree in the more developed regions of Europe where Italy, Spain, France, Switzerland, Iceland and Austria all rank in the top 20 countries with the highest life expectancy.

Romania was forecast to have the highest real salary increase in the last quarter of 2024 of the 34 countries included. The salary increase in the European country was forecast to reach ** percent. Croatia and Serbia followed behind. On the other hand, Iceland and Japan were forecast to have a real wage growth of only *** percent.

As of 2023, the average annual wage of Germany was 48,301 euros per year, a growth of almost 6,000 Euros when compared with 2000. From 2000 until 2007, wages rose by less than a thousand euros, with wage growth accelerating mainly in the period after 2010. Comparisons with rest of the EU Within the European Union Luxembourg had an average annual salary of almost 80 thousand Euros, with Germany having an annual salary comparable to other large European Countries, such as the United Kingdom and France. In neighboring Poland, the average annual salary was just over 39 thousand U.S dollars, meaning that German’s earned, on average, 20 percent more than what their Polish counterparts did. German economy slowing in 2023 While Germany initially had one of the strongest recoveries from the 2008 financial crash and as of 2020 had the largest economy in Europe its economy has started to slow in recent years. For 2023 the German economy is contracted by 0.26 percent, and while 2024 marked a slight improvement, the expectations are that 2025 remains a year of slow growth.

The minimum gross wage per hour in Poland as of July 2024 amounted to **** zloty. As of January 2025, the minimum hourly wage will increase to **** zloty gross, an increase of **** percent. Purchasing power standards (PPS) in the CEE region From 2009 to 2023, almost every country in Central and Eastern Europe experienced increased GDP per capita in purchasing power standards. For example, Czechia's GDP per capita amounted to ** PPS last year, reaching the highest level among Central and Eastern European countries but lower than the EU average. A similar situation occurred in Poland, one of the countries experiencing an increase in GDP per capita, amounting to ** PPS. On the other hand, the highest actual individual consumption per capita expressed in purchasing power standards in the CEE region was recorder in Lithuania, Slovenia, and Romania. However, all Central and Eastern European countries reached actual individual consumption per capita below the EU average. Inflation’s effect on Poles Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, inflation has increased drastically. That caused people to look at their expenditure of salaries more responsibly but also made them want to earn more. From 2021 to 2023, a fair share of Poles felt that food prices and fuel increased the most over the year. In 2022, due to the rising of some products and services in recent months in Poland, ** percent of people bought less and looked for cheaper products during daily shopping. Moreover, around ** percent of Poles gave up higher expenses to put them off for later. Inflation causes people to look for cheaper products. However, only about ** percent of Poles had higher trust in the promotions due to inflation.

Between 1950 and 1962, West Germany's national income grew by over 7.2 percent, in contrast to the United Kingdom's growth of just 2.29 percent. The primary reason for national growth in this period was improvements made to productivity, such as general advances in knowledge, reallocation of labor resources, and economies of scale (i.e. lowering costs by producing in mass). Increases in labor and capital also contributed to economic growth during this period, and in the UK it was responsible for around half of national growth, however the improvements in productivity constituted a much larger share of national growth in other nations. In Germany, France, and Italy, improvements to scale economies alone saw national income grow by more than one percent, although the largest contributor in Italy was the reallocation of labor from agricultural to industrial sectors.

Population Growth: All Income Levels for Europe and Central Asia was -0.04490 % Chg. at Annual Rate in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Population Growth: All Income Levels for Europe and Central Asia reached a record high of 1.39388 in January of 1960 and a record low of -0.04490 in January of 2023. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Population Growth: All Income Levels for Europe and Central Asia - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

The house price to income index in Europe declined in almost all European countries in 2023, indicating that income grew faster than house prices. Portugal, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands led the house price to income index ranking in 2023, with values exceeding *** index points. Romania, Bulgaria, and Finland were on the other side of the spectrum, with less than 100 index points. The house price to income ratio is an indicator for the development of housing affordability across OECD countries and is calculated as the nominal house prices divided by nominal disposable income per head, with 2015 chosen as a base year. A ratio higher than 100 means that the nominal house price growth since 2015 has outpaced the nominal disposable income growth, and housing is therefore comparatively less affordable. In 2023, the OECD average stood at ***** index points.