During a 2023 survey, around 35 percent of respondents interviewed in Brazil said they belonged to the middle class. Meanwhile, 24.3 percent of the interviewees defined their social class as "low" and 25.7 percent stated that they were part of the middle class.Furthermore, Brazil's Gini coefficient, an indicator that measures wealth distribution, shows Brazil is one of the most unequal countries in the Latin American region.

In 2023, the top ten percent in Brazil earned an average of 7,580 Brazilian reals per month before income taxes. This is more than 12 times the average income of the bottom half, which was 629 reals per month in that year.

The annual per capita expenditure on water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) totaled 89 U.S. dollars per person in Brazil, in comparison to 3 U.S. dollars in Indonesia. Low- and lower middle-income countries tend to have lower average per capita WASH expenditures than higher income countries.