This dataset provides values for TEMPERATURE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

This data set updates and expands the NOAA Global Historical Climate Network (GHCN) of quality controlled meteorological records, focusing on the Northern Tien Shan and Pamir Mountain Ranges of Central Asia. It is compiled primarily from meteorological measurements conducted by the National Hydrometeorological Services (NHMS) of the Central Asian countries. Precipitation data are monthly sums bias corrected for gauge type and for wetting, but not for wind. The correction factors, K1 for gauge type, K2 for wind, and K3 for wetting, are included as separate files. Temperature data are monthly means, for example, the mean of daily temperatures for that month, where daily temperature is defined as the average of all observations for each calendar day. For many stations, average maximum and average minimum temperature are supplied as well. These are derived from daily maximum and minimum temperatures. The station metadata for this data set are station histories, population, vegetation, and topography. Data were subjected to rigorous quality control and homogenieity assessment procedures, consistent with those used for the GHCN.There are records from 298 stations. The period of record covered by each station is variable, and in the period from 1985 to 1995, there was a sharp reduction in the number of operating stations. The earliest record is from 1879. Records are updated through 2003 where data are available. Most stations have almost 100 years of observations. Records are from stations in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.The data are stored as tab-delimited ASCII text format, Microsoft Excel, and PDF, and are availabe via FTP.

During 2023, the average minimum temperature recorded in India was ***** degrees Celsius, slightly up from ***** degrees Celsius in the previous year. This represented the highest average minimum temperature registered in the South Asian country since at least 2012.

This file-set contains data on indoor and outdoor temperature measurements in five-study sites in the South Asian region. Two study sites focus on the rural part; Yavatmal and Jalna (Maharashtra, India) while Dhaka (Bangladesh), Delhi (India) and Faisalabad (Pakistan) focus on urban heat exposure.The fileset consists of a total of 15 .csv files. These are: Faisalabad AWS Data.csvJalna AWS Data.csvYavatmal AWS Data.csvDelhi AWS Data.csvDhaka AWS Data.csvYavatmal Indoor Data.csvDelhi Indoor Data.csvDhaka Indoor Data.csvFaisalabad Indoor Data.csvJalna Indoor Data.csvJalna Housing Structure Data.csvYavatmal Housing Structure Data.csvDelhi Housing Structure Data.csvDhaka Housing Structure Data.csvFaisalabad Housing Structure Data.csvAdditionally, four.doc files and one PDF file are included. Informed Consent Form – WOTR.doc is the informed consent form. The data file Data Supplement.doc (as a readme file), contains tables explaining all the variables in the .csv files. README FILE 1- Housing Roofing Structure data, README FILE 2- Indoor Data Loggers, README FILE 3 - AWS Urban-Rural Area and README FILE 4 -Davis Installation Manual (PDF file)Outdoor observations (air temperature, humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation) based on the Automated Weather Station (AWS), are contained in the 5 AWS .csv files.Indoor temperature measurements are contained in the 5 Indoor Data .csv files.Data on housing structure are contained in the 5 Housing Structure Data .csv files.Study aims and methodology: Rising temperatures have been causing distress across the world, but for those most vulnerable, it is a silent killer. Information about indoor air temperatures in residential buildings is of interest for a range of reasons, such as the health, indoor comfort of dwellers and coping practices. But to date, there have been only a few long-term studies that measure and characterize indoor air temperatures in a rural area.Here, the authors have created a dataset on indoor and outdoor temperatures across rural and urban locations. The indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity measurements were taken in five study locations. Indoor and outdoor temperature measurements were carried out in Yavatmal and Jalna (Maharashtra, India), Delhi (India), Dhaka (Bangladesh) and Faisalabad (Pakistan). Two study sites focused on the rural areas: Yavatmal and Jalna (Maharashtra, India), while Delhi, Dhaka and Faisalabad focused on urban heat exposure.These measurements were used to determine indoor heat exposure in different types of rural and urban settlements. This helped to understand indoor temperature variations in different types of housings across different geographic locations in urban South Asia and for India specifically, provide a rural-urban context.For details on the methodology, please read the related article.

Bias-corrected data of precipitation, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature are developed for six countries in South Asia. Each zipped country file contains 13 models, and each model includes five scenarios (historical, ssp126, ssp245, ssp370, and ssp585). Inside a scenario folder, a file named PrecipData can be read as the first three columns from the 3rd row contain year month and day numbers. 1st two rows from the 3rd column represent the longitude and latitude. Separate ObservedData.zip file contains daily observed precipitation (mm), maximum temperature (deg C), and minimum temperature (deg C) data in each grid file.

These data contain monthly weather data for the five Central Asian countries every five years from 1990 to 2015. The variables available are average minimum temperature (°C), average maximum temperature (°C) and total precipitation (mm). These data were downscaled from CRU-TS-4.03 by the Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, using WorldClim 2.1 for bias correction. The average minimum temperature (tmin), average maximum temperature (tmax) and total precipitation (prec) are stored in different folders. The data are all in raster format and stored as TIFF file. The spatial resolution is 2.5 minutes (pixel size is about 21 km^2).

Central Asia and North-West China (Xingjiang province) annual average of monthly maximum temperature in 2020 according to IPCC near-term climate change scenario A2

The Asia Pacific Low Temperature Commercial Boiler market report offers a thorough competitive analysis, mapping key players’ strategies, market share, and business models. It provides insights into competitor dynamics, helping companies align their strategies with the current market landscape and future trends.

Global Ultra-Low Temperature Coolers is segmented by Application (Life Sciences, Pharmaceuticals, Healthcare, Research, Laboratory), Type (Chest Freezers, Upright Freezers, Laboratory, Cryogenic) and Geography(North America, LATAM, West Europe, Central & Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Oceania, MEA)

The low-temperature battery market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand across diverse sectors. The market's expansion is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the burgeoning aerospace and military sectors require reliable power sources capable of functioning in extreme cold environments. Similarly, polar science research expeditions necessitate highly dependable, low-temperature batteries for prolonged operation in harsh climatic conditions. Advances in battery technology, particularly in lithium-ion and solid-state battery chemistries, are leading to improved performance characteristics at sub-zero temperatures, further stimulating market growth. This includes enhanced energy density, longer cycle life, and improved safety features, making them more attractive for various applications. We estimate the current market size (2025) to be approximately $1.5 billion, based on reasonable estimations derived from similar market segments and growth rates observed in related battery technologies. A conservative Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15% is projected for the next decade, positioning the market for significant expansion by 2033. Significant regional variations exist within the low-temperature battery market. North America and Europe currently hold the largest market shares due to established aerospace and defense industries, and robust research funding in polar science. However, Asia-Pacific is expected to witness the most rapid growth in the coming years, driven by increasing investment in renewable energy storage and expanding technological advancements from key players in the region like China, South Korea, and Japan. While challenges remain, such as the high cost of these specialized batteries and the need for improved safety standards, ongoing technological breakthroughs and growing applications in niche markets will continue to propel the overall market expansion. Competition is intense, with major players like Samsung SDI, BYD, and CATL actively engaged in research and development to improve existing technologies and introduce innovative battery solutions for low-temperature environments.

Supporting Information (tables ans figures) for "Coupling between continental exhumation and subduction: a case study from the southern Great Xing’an Range, NE Asia" on Geophysical Research Letters

The Report Covers Global Ultra Low Temperature Freezer Manufacturers and it is Segmented by Product Type (Upright ULT Freezers and Chest ULT Freezers), End User (Bio-Banks, Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Companies, Academic and Research Laboratories, and Others), and Geography (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East and Africa, and South America). The Market Provides the value (in USD million) for the above segments.

The purpose for which these indicators were created is to group or characterize the different accessions available in the Genesys database, considering climatic data from where they were collected. For the above, it is necessary to carry out a characterization of zones based on agroclimatic indicators, which are framed in evaluating the following stresses: Heat, Drought and Flooding, in addition to including indicators that capture the behavior of the photoperiod.

Winter chilling, spring forcing temperature and photoperiod are the most important drivers explaining the spatial and temporal variability of spring phenology in temperate trees. However, how these factors interact with each other on dormancy release and spring budburst date remains unclear and varies greatly depending on species. Our knowledge is also limited as to whether heat accumulation of forcing temperatures that trigger bud break in spring is a linear or non-linear process. Here, we aimed at experimentally quantifying the effect of chilling, forcing, photoperiod and their interactions on the budburst dates of nine different temperate tree species from East Asia (near Beijing, China) and Central Europe (near Zurich, Switzerland), including six phylogenetically related species (same genus). We conducted a full factorial experiment in climate chambers using two chilling (low and high, i.e., 0 vs. 56 days at 2°C after sampling at the end of December), four forcing (5, 10, 15, and 20°C), and two photoperiod (8 vs. 16 h) treatments simultaneously in Beijing and Zurich. We found that species growing near Beijing responded more readily to forcing conditions than species of the same genus growing near Zurich regardless of chilling treatment. Budburst timing of most species but European beech was marginally, if at all, affected by photoperiod. Furthermore, our results suggest that linear heat accumulation, as commonly used with the growing degree hours (GDH) model, could result in accurate prediction of budburst date depending on the temperature threshold used as a basis for heat accumulation. Our results also demonstrate the important role of chilling in shaping the sensitivity and rate of forcing accumulation to trigger budburst and suggest that species-specific sigmoid relationship for accumulating heat that accounts for prior chilling exposure may yield better predictions of budburst dates. Our results suggest that deciduous trees may have adapted their chilling and forcing requirements in regards to the predictability of winter-spring transition and late spring frosts. A less predictable winter-spring transition, as observed in Central Europe, could have driven species evolution towards higher chilling and forcing requirements compared to species growing in a more predictable climate of Northeastern Asia. Our cross-continental experiment therefore suggests that the spring phenology of East Asian species is tighter coupled to spring forcing temperature than Central European forests.

The global low-temperature constant temperature bath market, valued at $1522 million in 2025, is projected to experience steady growth, driven by increasing demand across diverse scientific and industrial applications. A compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4% from 2025 to 2033 indicates a consistent market expansion. This growth is fueled by the rising adoption of these baths in life sciences research (particularly cell culture and enzyme assays), chemical engineering processes requiring precise temperature control, and biological research involving sensitive samples. Furthermore, advancements in bath technology, including improved temperature stability, enhanced safety features, and user-friendly interfaces, are contributing to increased adoption. The market segmentation reveals a significant demand for baths with capacities exceeding 8L, reflecting the needs of larger-scale experiments and industrial processes. Key players, including Labmate, Infitek, and Yamato Scientific, are actively contributing to market growth through innovation and product diversification. Geographic analysis shows strong market presence across North America and Europe, driven by established research infrastructure and robust funding for scientific research. However, emerging markets in Asia-Pacific, particularly China and India, present significant growth opportunities due to expanding research facilities and industrialization. The market faces certain restraints, including the high initial investment cost of sophisticated low-temperature baths and the potential for stringent regulatory compliance in specific regions. Nevertheless, the ongoing need for precise temperature control in various research and industrial settings ensures the sustained growth of the market. The continued expansion of biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and related sectors will significantly influence the demand for these critical laboratory instruments. Further market penetration can be achieved by focusing on developing cost-effective models suitable for smaller laboratories and enhancing accessibility in developing nations. Competition amongst existing players and new entrants will continue to drive innovation and potentially lower prices, making these essential tools more widely accessible across various research and industrial settings.

The vulnerability and risk assessment dataset for extreme weather and climate events in Central Asia from 1960 to 2100 (extreme events such as drought, floods, blizzards, extreme cold, sandstorms, etc., as well as indicators of risk bearing bodies such as grain yield, grassland carrying capacity, forest volume, etc.), including the characteristics of successive drought events in Central Asia and the NDVI vulnerability dataset (1982-2015) Central Asian animal husbandry data (including vegetation coverage, soil wind erosion under bare ground, soil wind erosion under vegetation coverage, quality of vegetation windbreak and sand fixation materials, start and end of growing season, length of growing season, etc.), Central Asian animal husbandry impact dataset, Central Asian forest wildfire vulnerability and risk dataset. The original meteorological data (precipitation data, minimum temperature data, maximum temperature data) are derived from the extreme temperature index prediction data (2020 – 2100) of the "the Belt and Road" region in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau Data Center (Qian Cheng. (2021)) Estimated data of extreme temperature index in the "the Belt and Road" region (2020 – 2100) National Qinghai Tibet Plateau Data Center Forecast data of extreme precipitation index in the "the Belt and Road" region (2020 – 2100) (Qian Cheng. (2022) Forecast data of extreme precipitation index in the "the Belt and Road" region (2020 – 2100) National Qinghai Tibet Plateau Data Center Using the vulnerability curve method, RUSLE model, and RWEQ model, the RegCM model in the Sixth International Coupling Model Comparison Program was used to analyze and process the data.

Asian swamp eel, Monopterus albus/javanensis [Zuiew, 1973/Lacepede, 1800], has been established in the southeastern USA since at least 1994, yet little is known about its ability to survive low winter temperatures. We use standard thermal methodologies to quantify low-temperature responses and provide a detailed description of swamp eel reactions to cold temperatures. When exposed to chronic temperature decreases of 1.0 C per day, swamp eels ceased foraging at 15.0 C, markedly diminished movements below 11.0 C, and became incapacitated near 9.6 C. During critical thermal minima (CTmin) trials, swamp eels exposed to acute temperature drops (0.25 C per minute) tolerated temperatures as low as 6.2 C. Swamp eels exhibited a moderate cold acclimation response, gaining 0.23 C in cold tolerance for every 1 C drop in acclimation temperature. Progressive time-series CTmin estimates for eels acclimated to 20.5°C followed by an acute temperature decrease to 16.0 C, revealed that cold acclimation may occur in only 8 days.

Central Asia and North-West China (Xingjiang province) absolute change of annual maximum temperature in 2020 according to IPCC near-term climate change scenario A2

The global medical low temperature box market size is estimated to reach a value of million USD by 2033, exhibiting a CAGR of during the forecast period 2023-2033. The increasing demand for these boxes in hospitals, surgery centers, and other healthcare facilities for the storage and transportation of temperature-sensitive medical products, such as vaccines, pharmaceuticals, and biological samples, is driving the market growth. The market is segmented based on application into hospital, surgery center, and others. The hospital segment is expected to account for the largest share of the market during the forecast period due to the high volume of temperature-sensitive products being stored and transported in these facilities. The surgery center segment is also expected to witness significant growth, owing to the increasing number of outpatient surgeries being performed in these centers. Geographically, the market is segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. North America is expected to hold the largest market share due to the presence of a large number of hospitals, surgery centers, and other healthcare facilities. Asia Pacific is expected to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, owing to the increasing healthcare expenditure in the region.

The global high and low-temperature switching test chamber market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing demand for reliable electronic and electrical components across various industries. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $500 million, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is fueled by several key factors, including the stringent quality control requirements in industries like automotive, aerospace, and consumer electronics. The rising adoption of sophisticated testing methodologies to ensure product durability and reliability under extreme temperature conditions further propels market expansion. Segment-wise, the alternating test box segment holds a significant market share due to its versatility in simulating various temperature cycles. Geographically, North America and Europe currently dominate the market, owing to the presence of established manufacturers and a high concentration of research and development activities. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period, driven by increasing industrialization and manufacturing activities in countries like China and India. The market's growth trajectory is further shaped by several trends, including the increasing demand for miniaturized and highly accurate test chambers. Advancements in sensor technology and automation are also contributing to improved testing efficiency and reduced operational costs. However, the high initial investment cost associated with these chambers and the need for specialized technical expertise can act as potential restraints. The market is highly competitive with several key players, including Ektron Tek, MTS, ASLi Test Equipment, and others, constantly striving to innovate and offer advanced features to maintain their market position. The continuous development of new materials and technologies, along with increasing regulatory compliance requirements, will further stimulate market growth in the coming years. The forecast period of 2025-2033 promises substantial opportunities for market expansion as businesses prioritize rigorous testing procedures to meet evolving industry standards. This comprehensive report provides an in-depth analysis of the global high and low temperature switching test chamber market, projecting a market value exceeding $2.5 billion by 2030. It examines market concentration, key trends, dominant regions and segments, product insights, and future growth catalysts. The report is crucial for businesses involved in environmental testing equipment manufacturing, procurement, and research, providing actionable intelligence for strategic decision-making.