In 2023, Mexico's coldest months were registered during the winter, with January recording the lowest minimum temperature that year, at just 8.8 degrees Celsius. On the other hand – with nearly 21 degrees Celsius – July had the warmest minimum temperature of 2023. That same year, the state of Tlaxcala reached the lowest annual minimum temperature across Mexico.

The state of Tlaxcala recorded the coldest minimum average temperature across Mexico in 2023, at just 7.5 degrees Celsius. Meanwhile, Quintana Roo registered the highest minimum temperature that year – with values reaching 23 degrees Celsius – closely followed by the state of Tabasco. Accordingly, both states were amongst Mexico's warmest states on average in 2023.

In 2023, Mexico's minimum average temperature stood at 15.2 degrees Celsius, up from 14.5 degrees Celsius in the previous year. During the period in consideration, the minimum temperature in the Latin American country reached a record low in the year 2000, at some 12.9 degrees Celsius. Since then, temperatures have been slowly rising, recording some of Mexico's highest maximum temperatures on average in recent years.

In 2023, Mexico's maximum average temperature measured 30.2 degrees Celsius. This was an increase of 0.6 degrees Celsius from the previous year and the highest maximum temperature recorded in the Latin American country since at least the year 2000. Accordingly, 2023 was also Mexico's warmest year on average since the turn of the century.

The core of this project focuses on monitoring the phenotypic and genotypic evolution of experimental and natural hybrid populations of swordtails for ten generations. To get a clear understanding of how evolution shapes genome wide ancestry and the distribution of species-specific alleles at functional loci during early generations of hybridization, it's important to monitor these populations using experimental crosses. Eight replicate 2000 L mesocosm stock tanks were built at high (1514 m), intermediate (980 m), and low (186 m) elevations near the CICHAZ field site were seeded with Xiphophorus birchmanni – X. malinche F1 hybrids. The F1s were generated by crossing X. malinche females with X. birchmanni malesin stock tanks at CICHAZ, a research station in Calnali, Mexico. Tanks at higher elevations experience cooler water temperatures. Our experimental design thereby allows us to characterize how ecological selection shapes genotypic and phenotypic differences in thermal tolerance across hybrid populations exposed to different temperature regimes. The data contained in these files include recorded water temperature (in Celsius), taken every six hours from three stock tanks at low (186 m: STL), medium (980 m: STM), and high (1514 m: STH) elevations, along with three natural river sites. File Natural.csv contains the natural sites and the file Stock Tanks.csv contains the corresponding natural sites. Acuapa (ACUA) is paired with STL, Aguazarca (AGZC) is paired with STM, and Tlatemaco (TLMC) is paired with STH.

With an average temperature of some 28.3 degrees Celsius, the southern state of Campeche was Mexico's warmest state in 2023. This was closely followed by Tabasco and Yucatán, with average temperatures reaching 28.1 and 27.9 degrees Celsius, respectively. On the other side of the spectrum, State of Mexico recorded the lowest mean temperature across the Latin American country, at just 15.5 degrees Celsius.

The month of June recorded Mexico's highest maximum average temperature in 2023, at some 35.3 degrees Celsius. This was followed by July and August, both with maximum temperatures of around 34 degrees Celsius. On the other hand – with an average maximum temperature of 24.2 degrees Celsius – December registered the lowest figure of 2023.

Daily weather data from Nizanda, Oaxaca, Mexico. Weather data are available on a daily basis as minimum time resolution; however, data are available mostly at an hourly time resolution.

Weather data comprise precipitation, air temperature, wind speed and direction, air humidity, atmospheric pressure, and other derived climatic variables.

For further information about this dataset, contact Jorge A. Meave (jorge.meave@ciencias.unam.mx) and/or Rodrigo Muñoz (rod.munozaviles@gmail.com).

The weather station is located at the following geographical coordinates: 16.661000º N, 95.007484º W

Weather data were recorded with a Davis Instruments Vantage Pro2 weather station/sensor suite. Data prior to year 2020 was recorded locally in a Davis Vantage Pro2 console (data segments 1-3), while data after 2020 was recorded online on the cloud using a Davis Vantage Connect cellular transmitter together with the WeatherLink.com service (data segment 4).

Data has been processed by NODC to the NODC standard Bathythermograph (XBT) (C116) format. The C116/C118 format contains temperature-depth profile data obtained using expendable bathythermograph (XBT) instruments. Cruise information, position, date and time were reported for each observation. The data record was comprised of pairs of temperature-depth values. Unlike the MBT Data File, in which temperature values were recorded at uniform 5 m intervals, the XBT data files contained temperature values at non-uniform depths. These depths were recorded at the minimum number of points ("inflection points") required to accurately define the temperature curve. Standard XBTs can obtain profiles to depths of either 450 or 760 m. With special instruments, measurements can be obtained to 1830 m. Prior to July 1994, XBT data were routinely processed to one of these standard types. XBT data are now processed and loaded directly in to the NODC Ocean Profile Data Base (OPDB). Historic data from these two data types were loaded into the OPDB.

Mexico Imports: MA: Mattering Machines for Changing Temperature data was reported at 85.097 USD mn in Apr 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 79.933 USD mn for Mar 2019. Mexico Imports: MA: Mattering Machines for Changing Temperature data is updated monthly, averaging 47.752 USD mn from Jan 1993 (Median) to Apr 2019, with 316 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 168.913 USD mn in Mar 2014 and a record low of 9.904 USD mn in Jun 1997. Mexico Imports: MA: Mattering Machines for Changing Temperature data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Institute of Statistics and Geography. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Mexico – Table MX.JA022: Imports: Top Commodities.

Coastal zones are some of the most productive and most threatened ecosystems on Earth, yet our ability to predict their vulnerability or resilience is limited due to the highly dynamic nature of these habitats. Importantly, surface temperatures measured at broad scales (e.g., by satellites) cannot capture onshore temperatures which vary at meso- and micro-scales due to, e.g., aspect, solar radiation, waves, etc. We monitored intertidal temperatures via data loggers deployed at 19 rocky intertidal sites in California, USA and Baja California, Mexico. Loggers were deployed at 1.0 meter (m) above MLLW (mean lower-low water) at all sites and at 0.5 and 1.5 m at a subset of sites. At each site and tide height (for sites with multiple loggers), completeness of the temperature record varies but most provide continuous records for up to ~18 months from spring 2022 to fall 2023.

Temperature data classified as maximum, mean, and minimum temperature and relative humidity measures from the meteorological station located at the regional airport in Bogota and Buenos Aries, called the National Service of Hydrology and Meteorology. Mexico data was collected from the National Polytechnic Institute of Mexico and National Meteorological System. In Santiago, Chile weather data was provided by the air pollution monitoring network with stations across the city, the REDCAM2 (Red de Monitoreo Automatica de la Calidad del Aire Metropolitana) Automatic Monitoring Network of Metropolitan Air Quality. The data from these stations were averaged to obtain temperature values for the Gran Santiago region. Daily temperature and relative humidity readings were made by automatic-recording instruments.

The Bathythermograph and Ocean Station data collected from NOAA Ship CHAPMAN. The data was collected from Gulf of Mexico from February 3-19, 1986. The data was submitted by National Marine Fisheries Service, Pascagoula, MI. The Ocean station data is in C139 format. Data has been processed by NODC to the NODC standard Bathythermograph (XBT) (C116) format. The C116/C118 format contains temperature-depth profile data obtained using expendable bathythermograph (XBT) instruments. Cruise information, position, date and time were reported for each observation. The data record was comprised of pairs of temperature-depth values. Unlike the MBT Data File, in which temperature values were recorded at uniform 5 m intervals, the XBT data files contained temperature values at non-uniform depths. These depths were recorded at the minimum number of points ("inflection points") required to accurately define the temperature curve. Standard XBTs can obtain profiles to depths of either 450 or 760 m. With special instruments, measurements can be obtained to 1830 m. Prior to July 1994, XBT data were routinely processed to one of these standard types. XBT data are now processed and loaded directly in to the NODC Ocean Profile Data Base (OPDB). Historic data from these two data types were loaded into the OPDB.

Data has been processed by NODC to the NODC standard Bathythermograph (XBT) (C116) format. The C116/C118 format contains temperature-depth profile data obtained using expendable bathythermograph (XBT) instruments. Cruise information, position, date and time were reported for each observation. The data record was comprised of pairs of temperature-depth values. Unlike the MBT Data File, in which temperature values were recorded at uniform 5 m intervals, the XBT data files contained temperature values at non-uniform depths. These depths were recorded at the minimum number of points ("inflection points") required to accurately define the temperature curve. Standard XBTs can obtain profiles to depths of either 450 or 760 m. With special instruments, measurements can be obtained to 1830 m. Prior to July 1994, XBT data were routinely processed to one of these standard types. XBT data are now processed and loaded directly in to the NODC Ocean Profile Data Base (OPDB). Historic data from these two data types were loaded into the OPDB.

Data has been processed by NODC to the NODC standard Bathythermograph (XBT) (C116) format. The C116/C118 format contains temperature-depth profile data obtained using expendable bathythermograph (XBT) instruments. Cruise information, position, date and time were reported for each observation. The data record was comprised of pairs of temperature-depth values. Unlike the MBT Data File, in which temperature values were recorded at uniform 5 m intervals, the XBT data files contained temperature values at non-uniform depths. These depths were recorded at the minimum number of points ("inflection points") required to accurately define the temperature curve. Standard XBTs can obtain profiles to depths of either 450 or 760 m. With special instruments, measurements can be obtained to 1830 m. Prior to July 1994, XBT data were routinely processed to one of these standard types. XBT data are now processed and loaded directly in to the NODC Ocean Profile Data Base (OPDB). Historic data from these two data types were loaded into the OPDB.

Temperature profile data were collected using XBT and BT casts from NOAA Ship RESEARCHER in the Gulf of Mexico from 24 July 1977 to 01 August 1977. Data were collected by the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) in Miami, Florida. Data were processed by NODC to the NODC standard Universal Bathythermograph Output (UBT) format. The UBT file format is used for temperature-depth profile data obtained using expendable bathythermograph (XBT) instruments. Standard XBTs can obtain profiles at depths of about 450 or 760 m. With special instruments, measurements can be obtained to 1830 m. Cruise information, position, date, and time are reported for each observation. The data record comprises pairs of temperature-depth values. Unlike the MBT data file, in which temperature values are recorded at uniform 5m intervals, the XBT Data File contains temperature values at non-uniform depths. These depths are at a minimum number of points ("inflection points") required to record the temperature curve to an acceptable degree of accuracy. On output, however, the user may request temperature values either at inflection points or interpolated to uniform depth increments.

Temperature profile data were collected using XBT and BT casts from NOAA Ship RESEARCHER and other platforms in the Gulf of Mexico and other locations from 11 November 1983 to 20 January 1985. Data were collected by the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). Data were processed by NODC to the NODC standard Universal Bathythermograph Output (UBT) format. Full format description is available from NODC at www.nodc.noaa.gov/General/NODC-Archive/bt.html.

The UBT file format is used for temperature-depth profile data obtained using expendable bathythermograph (XBT) instruments. Standard XBTs can obtain profiles at depths of about 450 or 760 m. With special instruments, measurements can be obtained to 1830 m. Cruise information, position, date, and time are reported for each observation. The data record comprises pairs of temperature-depth values. Unlike the MBT data file, in which temperature values are recorded at uniform 5m intervals, the XBT Data File contains temperature values at non-uniform depths. These depths are at a minimum number of points ("inflection points") required to record the temperature curve to an acceptable degree of accuracy. On output, however, the user may request temperature values either at inflection points or interpolated to uniform depth increments.

The state of Sinaloa recorded the highest maximum average temperature across Mexico in 2022, at some 33.2 degrees Celsius. Ranking second that year was the state of Campeche, with an annual maximum temperature of 33 degrees Celsius. By contrast – at only 23 degrees Celsius – State of Mexico registered the lowest maximum average temperature in 2022.

Temperature profile data were collected using XBT and BT casts from NOAA Ship RESEARCHER and other platforms in the Gulf of Mexico and Northwest Atlantic Ocean from 08 January 1987 to 01 July 1987. Data were collected by the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) Miami, Florida and other institutions with support from the Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS) and SubTropical Atlantic Climate Studies (STACS) projects. Data were processed by NODC to the NODC standard Universal Bathythermograph Output (UBT) format. Full format description is available from NODC at www.nodc.noaa.gov/General/NODC-Archive/bt.html.

The UBT file format is used for temperature-depth profile data obtained using expendable bathythermograph (XBT) instruments. Standard XBTs can obtain profiles at depths of about 450 or 760 m. With special instruments, measurements can be obtained to 1830 m. Cruise information, position, date, and time are reported for each observation. The data record comprises pairs of temperature-depth values. Unlike the MBT data file, in which temperature values are recorded at uniform 5m intervals, the XBT Data File contains temperature values at non-uniform depths. These depths are at a minimum number of points ("inflection points") required to record the temperature curve to an acceptable degree of accuracy. On output, however, the user may request temperature values either at inflection points or interpolated to uniform depth increments.

Data has been processed by NODC to the NODC standard Bathythermograph (XBT) (C116) format. The C116/C118 format contains temperature-depth profile data obtained using expendable bathythermograph (XBT) instruments. Cruise information, position, date and time were reported for each observation. The data record was comprised of pairs of temperature-depth values. Unlike the MBT Data File, in which temperature values were recorded at uniform 5 m intervals, the XBT data files contained temperature values at non-uniform depths. These depths were recorded at the minimum number of points ("inflection points") required to accurately define the temperature curve. Standard XBTs can obtain profiles to depths of either 450 or 760 m. With special instruments, measurements can be obtained to 1830 m. Prior to July 1994, XBT data were routinely processed to one of these standard types. XBT data are now processed and loaded directly in to the NODC Ocean Profile Data Base (OPDB). Historic data from these two data types were loaded into the OPDB.