A best-fit lookup between postcodes, frozen 2011 Census Output Areas (OA), Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOA), Middle Layer Super Output Areas (MSOA) and current local authority districts (LAD) as at May 2022 in the UK. Postcodes are best-fitted by plotting the location of the postcode's mean address into the areas of the output geographies. (File size 24 MB).Field Names - PCD7, PCD8, PCDS, DOINTR, DOTERM, USERTYPE, OA11CD, LSOA11CD, MSOA11CD, LADCD, LSOA11NM, MSOA11NM, LADNM, LADNMWField Types - All TextField Lengths - 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 1, 9, 9, 9, 9, 55, 65, 45, 45

A best-fit lookup between postcodes, 2021 Census Output Areas (OA), Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOA), Middle Layer Super Output Areas (MSOA) and local authority districts (LAD). Postcodes are as at November 2023 in the UK and are best-fitted by plotting the location of the postcode's mean address into the areas of the output geographies. (File size 22 MB).Field Names - PCD7, PCD8, PCDS, DOINTR, DOTERM, USERTYPE, OA21CD, LSOA21CD, MSOA21CD, LADCD, LSOA21NM, MSOA21NM, LADNM, LADNMWField Types - All TextField Lengths - 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 1, 9, 9, 9, 9, 55, 65, 45, 45

A best-fit lookup between enumeration postcodes, Output Areas (OA), Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOA), Middle Layer Super Output Areas (MSOA) and local authority districts (LAD) as at 31 December 2011 in England and Wales. Postcodes are best-fitted by plotting the location of the postcode's mean address into the areas of the output geographies. Enumeration postcodes are a sub-OA geography used only for the publication of estimates of males, females and households in the 2011 Census. The 2011 Census enumeration postcodes consist only of valid unit postcodes as at May 2011.

A best-fit lookup between postcodes, frozen 2011 Census Output Areas (OA), Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOA), Middle Layer Super Output Areas (MSOA) and current local authority districts (LAD) as at February 2019 in the UK. Postcodes are best-fitted by plotting the location of the postcode's mean address into the areas of the output geographies. (File size 392 MB).Field Names - PCD7, PCD8, PCDS, DOINTR, DOTERM, USERTYPE, OA11CD, LSOA11CD, MSOA11CD, LADCD, LSOA11NM, MSOA11NM, LADNM, LADNMWField Types - Text, Text, Text, Text, Text, Text, Text, Text, Text, Text, Text, Text, Text, TextField Lengths - 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 1, 9, 9, 9, 9, 55, 65, 45, 45

This dataset provides detailed information on the 2019 Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) for Birmingham, UK. The data is available at the postcode level and includes the Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA) information.Data is provided at the LSOA 2011 Census geography.The decile score ranges from 1-10 with decile 1 representing the most deprived 10% of areas while decile 10 representing the least deprived 10% of areas.The IMD rank and decile score is allocated to the LSOA and all postcodes within it at the time of creation (2019).Note that some postcodes cross over LSOA boundaries. The Office for National Statistics sets boundaries for LSOAs and allocates every postcode to one LSOA only: this is the one which contains the majority of residents in that postcode area (as at 2011 Census).

The English Indices of Deprivation 2019 offer a detailed analysis of relative deprivation across small areas in England. The Education, Skills, and Training Deprivation dataset is a vital part of this index, measuring the lack of attainment and skills in the local population. This dataset includes indicators such as the proportion of adults with no or low qualifications, the proportion of young people not staying in education or training beyond the age of 16, and the performance of children at key stages of education. It helps identify areas where educational and skill development interventions are most needed, guiding efforts to improve educational outcomes and reduce socio-economic disparities.

The LSOA atlas provides a summary of demographic and related data for each Lower Super Output Area in Greater London. The average population of an LSOA in London in 2010 was 1,722 compared with 8,346 for an MSOA and 13,078 for a ward. The profiles are designed to provide an overview of the population in these small areas by combining a range of data on the population, diversity, households, health, housing, crime, benefits, land use, deprivation, schools, and employment. Due to significant population change in some areas, not all 2011 LSOA boundaries are the same as previous LSOA boundaries that had been used from 2001. A lot of data is still only available using the 2001 boundaries therefore two Atlases have been created - one using the current LSOA boundaries (2011) and one using the previous boundaries (2001). If you need to find an LSOA and you know the postcode of the area, the ONS NESS search page has a tool for this. The LSOA Atlas is available as an XLS as well as being presented using InstantAtlas mapping software. This is a useful tool for displaying a large amount of data for numerous geographies, in one place (requires HTML 5). CURRENT LSOA BOUNDARIES (2011) NOTE: There is comparatively less data for the new boundaries compared with the old boundaries PREVIOUS LSOA BOUNDARIES (2001) For 2011 Census data used in the 2001 Boundaries Atlas: For simplicity, where two or more areas have been merged, the figures for these areas have been divided by the number of LSOAs that used to make that area up. Therefore, these data are not official ONS statisitcs, but presented here as indicative to display trends. NB. It is currently not possible to export the map as a picture due to a software issue with the Google Maps background. We advise you to print screen to copy an image to the clipboard. IMPORTANT: Due to the large amount of data and areas, the LSOA Atlas may take up to a minute to fully load. Once loaded, the report will work more efficiently by using the filter tool and selecting one borough at a time. Displaying every LSOA in London will slow down the data reload. Tips: - Select a new indicator from the Data box on the left. Select the theme, then indicator and then year to show the data. - To view data just for one borough, use the filter tool. - The legend settings can be altered by clicking on the pencil icon next to the LSOA tick box within the map legend. - The areas can be ranked in order by clicking at the top of the indicator column of the data table. Beware of large file size for 2001 Boundary Atlas (58MB) alternatively download Zip file (21MB). Themes included in the atlases are Census 2011 population, Mid-year Estimates by age, Population Density, Households, Household Composition, Ethnic Group, Language, Religion, Country of Birth, Tenure, Number of dwellings, Vacant Dwellings, Dwellings by Council Tax Band, Crime (numbers), Crime (rates), Economic Activity, Qualifications, House Prices, Workplace employment numbers, Claimant Count, Employment and Support Allowance, Benefits claimants, State Pension, Pension Credit, Incapacity Benefit/ SDA, Disability Living Allowance, Income Support, Financial vulnerability, Health and Disability, Land use, Air Emissions, Energy consumption, Car or Van access, Accessibility by Public Transport/walk, Road Casualties, Child Benefit, Child Poverty, Lone Parent Families, Out-of-Work families, Fuel Poverty, Free School Meals, Pupil Absence, Early Years Foundation Stage, Key Stage 1, Key Stage 2, GCSE, Level 3 (e.g A/AS level), The Indices of Deprivation 2010, Economic Deprivation Index, and The IMD 2010 Underlying Indicators. The London boroughs are: City of London, Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Camden, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Hackney, Hammersmith and Fulham, Haringey, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Islington, Kensington and Chelsea, Kingston upon Thames, Lambeth, Lewisham, Merton, Newham, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Southwark, Sutton, Tower Hamlets, Waltham Forest, Wandsworth, Westminster. These profiles were created using the most up to date information available at the time of collection (Spring 2014). You may also be interested in MSOA Atlas and Ward Atlas.

A best-fit lookup between postcodes, frozen 2011 Census Output Areas (OA), Workplace Zones (WZ), Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOA), Middle Layer Super Output Areas (MSOA) and current local authority districts (LAD) along with OA, WZ, and LAD classifications as at February 2020 in the UK. Postcodes are best-fitted by plotting the location of the postcode's mean address into the areas of the output geographies. (File size 46MB).

Field Lengths - 7, 8, 8, 6, 6, 1, 6, 7, 9, 3, 48, 9, 2, 60, 9, 63, 9, 35, 9, 36, 35, 3, 48

Understanding Society (the UK Household Longitudinal Study), which began in 2009, is conducted by the Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER) at the University of Essex, and the survey research organisations Verian Group (formerly Kantar Public) and NatCen. It builds on and incorporates, the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), which began in 1991.

This dataset contains Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOA) Census 2021-defined geographic variables for each wave of Understanding Society to date, and a household identification serial number for file matching to the main data. LSOA’s are provided for England and Wales households and Super Data Zones (SDZ) are provided for Northern Ireland. Data Zones (DZ), when available, will be provided for Scotland.

These data have more restrictive access conditions than those available under the standard End User Licence (see 'Access data' tab for more information).

These data are consistent with the ONS Postcode Directory (ONSPD). Please see the Geographical Lookup Tables document for further details.

Census 2001, 2011 and 2021 LSOA access restrictions

Census 2001 and 2011 - defined LSOA geographic variables are also available under Special Licence access conditions to match to Understanding Society data - see SN 6670 and SN 7248 respectively. When placing an order for these data, users should note that, to minimise the risk of disclosure, users may access only one of SN 6670, SN 7248 or SN 9169 (this study).

Latest Edition Information

For the 2nd edition (November 2024), Wave 14 data have been added, and the documentation has been updated. In addition, Wave 13 data has been re-deposited with superfluous entries removed. It should be noted that LSOA’s have been provided for England and Wales, and Super Data Zones have been provided for Northern Ireland, however, data is not yet available for Scotland and those entries are set to missing (-9).

Data History Data Origin These samples were taken from customer taps. They were then analysed for water quality, and the results were uploaded to a database. This dataset is an extract from this database. Data Triage ConsiderationsGranularity We decided to share as individual results as the lowest level of granularity.Anonymisation It is a requirement that this data cannot be used to identify a singular person or household. We discussed many options for aggregating the data to a specific geography to ensure this requirement is met. The following geographical aggregations were discussed:Water Supply Zone (WSZ) - Limits interoperability with other datasets.Postcode – Some postcodes contain very few households and may not offer necessary anonymisation.Postal Sector – Deemed not granular enough in highly populated areas.Rounded Co-ordinates – Not a recognised standard and may cause overlapping areas.MSOA – Deemed not granular enough.LSOA – Agreed as a recognised standard appropriate for England and Wales.Data Zones – Agreed as a recognised standard appropriate for Scotland.Preferred: Geospatial to LSOA.Why is Geospatial to LSOA preferred? It is more accurate since the postcode mapping is best fitted by plotting the location of the postcode's mean address rather than sample point’s specific location.Data Specifications Each dataset will cover a calendar year of samples:This dataset will be published monthly.Historical datasets will be published as far back as 2022 following the introduction of the Water Supply Regulations. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2016/614/contents/made The Determinands included in the dataset are as per the list that is required to be reported to the Drinking Water Inspectorate.ContextMany UK water companies provide a search tool on their websites where you can search for water quality in your area by postcode. The results of the search may identify the water supply zone that supplies the postcode searched. Water supply zones are not linked to LSOAs which means the results may differ to this dataset.Some sample results are influenced by internal plumbing and may not be representative of drinking water quality in the wider area. In this case these test results are omitted from the dataset.Some samples are tested on site and others are sent to scientific laboratories.Data Publish FrequencyMonthly.Data Triage Review FrequencyAnnually unless otherwise requestedSupplementary information Below is a curated selection of links for additional reading, which provide a deeper understanding of this dataset.Drinking Water Inspectorate Standards and Regulations: https://www.dwi.gov.uk/drinking-water-standards-and-regulations/ LSOA (England and Wales) and Data Zone (Scotland): https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files/geography/2011-census/geography-bckground-info-comparison-of-thresholds.pdf  Description for LSOA boundaries by the ONS: Census 2021 geographies - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk) Postcode to LSOA lookup tables:  Postcode to 2021 Census Output Area to Lower Layer Super Output Area to Middle Layer Super Output Area to Local Authority District (August 2023) Lookup in the UK (statistics.gov.uk) Legislation history: Legislation - Drinking Water Inspectorate (dwi.gov.uk) Dataset SchemaSAMPLE_ID: Identity of the sampleSAMPLE_DATE: The date the sample was takenDETERMINAND: The determinand being measured DWI_CODE: The corresponding DWI code for the determinand UNITS: The expression of resultsOPERATOR: The measurement operator for limit of detection RESULT: The test resultsLSOA or DATA ZONE: Lower Super Output Area or Data Zone (population weighted centroids used by the ONS (Office for National Statistics) for geo-anonymisation)

Data OriginSamples were taken from customer taps. They were then analysed, and the results were uploaded to a sampling system. This dataset is an extract from this database.Data TriageWe discussed:Whether to use individual samples or averagesWhat date range would be appropriate for MVPHow best to anonymise the data geographicallyPreferred: Geospatial to LSOADo geospatial join to find the LSOA that each customer sample location (within whatever coordinate system you have them as) is found withinAcceptable for MVP: Postcode to LSOAJoin ONS dataset on postcode, keep LSOA code fieldWhy is Geospatial to LSOA preferred? Because it is more accurate since the postcode mapping is best fitted by plotting the location of the postcode"s mean address rather than sample point’s specific location.

Population estimates for broad age groups including working age, pensionable age and children aged 0-15. Source: Office for National Statistics (ONS): Population and Demography Publisher: Neighbourhood Statistics Geographies: Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA), Middle Layer Super Output Area (MSOA) Geographic coverage: England Time coverage: 2001 to 2008 Type of data: Modelled data Notes: The population estimates are based on the 2001 Census, aged forward to mid-year, adjusted for births and deaths and then constrained to ONS LA mid-year estimates. Some LSOAs had further adjustments resulting from the ONS Longitudinal and Local Authority studies, an under/over estimation investigation, a review of armed forces and prisoner counts, and changes in postcode to LSOA allocations. Guidelines: The datasets in this series contain new variables to improve usability. These variables include: Working age population totals and percentages, for males and females; Percentages of population in each quinary age band; and consistent LA and regional estimates. The Working age population is something that is widely used in relation to benefits data. The age distribution of the population in small areas can give clues to the types of deprivation issues it may face.

Data OriginSamples were taken from customer taps. They were then analysed, and the results were uploaded to a sampling system. This dataset is an extract from this database.Data TriageWe discussed:Whether to use individual samples or averagesWhat date range would be appropriate for MVPHow best to anonymise the data geographicallyPreferred: Geospatial to LSOADo geospatial join to find the LSOA that each customer sample location (within whatever coordinate system you have them as) is found withinAcceptable for MVP: Postcode to LSOAJoin ONS dataset on postcode, keep LSOA code fieldWhy is Geospatial to LSOA preferred? Because it is more accurate since the postcode mapping is best fitted by plotting the location of the postcode's mean address rather than sample point’s specific location.

A best-fit lookup between postcodes, 2021 Census Output Areas (OA), Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOA), Middle Layer Super Output Areas (MSOA) and local authority districts (LAD). Postcodes are as at November 2024 in the UK and are best-fitted by plotting the location of the postcode's mean address into the areas of the output geographies. (File size 24 MB). Field Names - PCD7, PCD8, PCDS, DOINTR, DOTERM, USERTYPE, OA21CD, LSOA21CD, MSOA21CD, LADCD, LSOA21NM, MSOA21NM, LADNM, LADNMW Field Types - All Text Field Lengths - 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 1, 9, 9, 9, 9, 55, 65, 45, 45

A best-fit lookup between postcodes, frozen 2011 Census Output Areas (OA), Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOA), Middle Layer Super Output Areas (MSOA) and current local authority districts (LAD) as at August 2020 in the UK. Postcodes are best-fitted by plotting the location of the postcode's mean address into the areas of the output geographies. (File size 23 MB).Field Names - PCD7, PCD8, PCDS, DOINTR, DOTERM, USERTYPE, OA11CD, LSOA11CD, MSOA11CD, LADCD, LSOA11NM, MSOA11NM, LADNM, LADNMWField Types - All TextField Lengths - 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 1, 9, 9, 9, 9, 55, 65, 45, 45

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

Understanding Society (the UK Household Longitudinal Study), which began in 2009, is conducted by the Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER) at the University of Essex, and the survey research organisations Verian Group (formerly Kantar Public) and NatCen. It builds on and incorporates, the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), which began in 1991.

This dataset contains Census 2001-defined geographic variables for each wave of Understanding Society and harmonised BHPS to date, and a household identification serial number for file matching to the main data. LSOA’s are provided for England and Wales households, Super Output Areas (SOA) are provided for Northern Ireland and Data Zones (DZ) are provided for Scotland.

These data have more restrictive access conditions than those available under the standard End User Licence (see 'Access data' tab for more information).

These data are consistent with the ONS Postcode Directory (ONSPD). Please see the Geographical Lookup Tables document for further details.

Census 2001, 2011 and 2021 LSOA access restrictions

Census 2011 and 2021 - defined LSOA geographic variables are also available under Special Licence access conditions to match to Understanding Society data - see SN 7248 and SN 9169 respectively. When placing an order for these data, users should note that, to minimise the risk of disclosure, users may access only one of SN 7248, SN 9169 or SN 6670 (this study).

Latest Edition Information

For the 16th edition (November 2024), Wave 14 data have been added, and the documentation has been updated. In addition, Wave 13 data has been re-deposited with superfluous entries removed.

A best-fit lookup between postcodes, 2021 Census Output Areas (OA), Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOA), Middle Layer Super Output Areas (MSOA) and local authority districts (LAD). Postcodes are as at February 2025 in the UK and are best-fitted by plotting the location of the postcode's mean address into the areas of the output geographies. (File size 24 MB). Field Names - PCD7, PCD8, PCDS, DOINTR, DOTERM, USERTYPE, OA21CD, LSOA21CD, MSOA21CD, LADCD, LSOA21NM, MSOA21NM, LADNM, LADNMW Field Types - All Text Field Lengths - 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 1, 9, 9, 9, 9, 55, 65, 45, 45

A best-fit lookup between postcodes, 2021 OAs, 2021 LSOAs, 2021 MSOAs, 2022 LTLAs, 2022 UTLAs and 2022 CAUTHs. Postcodes are as at November 2023 in the UK and are best-fitted by plotting the location of the postcode's mean address into the areas of the output geographies. (File size 22 MB).Field Names - PCD7, PCD8, PCDS, DOINTR, DOTERM, USERTYPE, OA21CD, LSOA21CD, LSOA21NM, MSOA21CD, MSOA21NM LTLA22CD, LTLA22NM, LTLA22NMW, UTLA22CD, UTLA22NM, UTLA22NMW, CAUTH22CD, CAUTH22NMField Types - All TextField Lengths - 7, 8, 8, 8, 8, 1, 9, 9, 55, 9, 65, 9, 45, 45, 9, 45, 45, 9, 30

A best-fit lookup between postcodes, frozen 2011 Census Output Areas (OA), Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOA), Middle Layer Super Output Areas (MSOA) and current local authority districts (LAD) as at August 2021 in the UK. Postcodes are best-fitted by plotting the location of the postcode's mean address into the areas of the output geographies. (File size 24 MB).

Workplace Zone (WZ) centroids are point features that represent the ‘master postcodes’ for WZs. The centroid, or ‘master postcode’ was selected using an algorithm which calculates the postcode centroid within a WZ which has grid references closest to the worker-weighted centre of the DZ. These centroids / ‘master postcodes’ can be used to link WZs to other (higher level) geographies and produce a 'best-fit' match. They have been created by the National Records of Scotland (NRS), based on the WZ boundaries which were produced on behalf of NRS by the Office for National Statistics (ONS).

WZs were a new output geography for Census 2011, initially produced using workplace data from the 2011 Census for England and Wales rather than the UK as a whole. They are designed to supplement the Output Area (OA) and Super Output Area (LSOA and MSOA) / Data Zone (DZ) geographies that were introduced with the 2001 Census, and have been constructed from OAs, or sub-divisions of these called postcode-level building-blocks. While OAs are designed to contain consistent numbers of persons based on where they live, WZs are designed to contain consistent numbers of workers, based on where people work. Following publication of WZs for England and Wales, coverage was subsequently extended to include Scotland and Northern Ireland using 2011 Census data to create a UK set of WZs produced by the ONS on behalf of NRS and the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA). WZs are designed to be a more suitable output geography for publishing workplace statistics.