Historical dataset of population level and growth rate for the Luanda, Angola metro area from 1950 to 2025.

Luanda is by far the largest city in Angola. As of 2022, over 2.7 million people live in the country's capital, which is also Angola's industrial, cultural and urban center. N'dalatando, formerly Vila Salazar, has the second biggest number of inhabitants, around 380 thousand. Huambo and Lobito follow closely, with a total population of over 226 thousand and 207 thousand, respectively.

Population in largest city in Angola was reported at 9651032 in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Angola - Population in largest city - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on October of 2025.

Luanda was the largest province in Angola as of 2022, with a population projection of over ************ inhabitants. The province is home for Angola's largest city, the capital Luanda, where nearly *********** people lived by the same year. Of ** Angolan provinces, ** were estimated to have more than *********** inhabitants in 2022.

Abstract

Background. Angola is one of the high-burden countries for tuberculosis (TB). In this study, we aimed at describing the risk factors for TB diagnosis and the clinical characteristics of patients with TB diagnosed in a single hospital in Luanda, Angola. Methods. Screening for TB was offered to all individuals from five to 90 years of age, presenting to the Hospital Divina Providência (HDP) with signs and symptoms suggestive of possible TB. Inclusion criteria also comprised availability of adequate sputum sample and signed informed consent to study participation. Individuals with previous history of TB and/or TB treatment, patients with advanced liver disease and pregnant women were excluded from the study. Diagnosis was confirmed by GeneXpert. HIV testing was also offered. Results. Of 659 participants, 283 (42.9%) were women; median age was 27 years (IQR 21-38). TB diagnosis was made in 474 out of 659 (71.9%) individuals screened. Age and BMI significantly differed between participants with and without TB. Sixty-two participants had HIV infection, of whom 24.2% were already known. TB-HIV co-infection was found in 7.2% participants. Nine out of 14 cases (64%) of diabetes were new diagnoses; no association was found between diabetes and risk of TB. None of the considered variables (including age, sex, BMI, smoking habits, or alcohol consumption) were associated with an increased risk of rifampicin-resistant or multidrug resistant TB. Conclusions. TB was diagnosed in a high proportion of cases with compatible symptoms/signs. Younger age and low BMI were significantly associated with TB, while none of the considered variables were associated with an increased risk of rifampicin/multidrug resistant TB. The screening permitted to identify high proportions of new HIV and diabetes cases, supporting the need for enhanced screening strategies both for communicable and non-communicable diseases in Luanda.

Abstract

The 2011 Malaria Indicator Survey in Angola (2011 AMIS) was conducted by Cosep Consultoria, Consaúde Lda., and the Programa Nacional de Controle da Malária, with technical assistance from ICF Macro. Fieldwork took place from January 2011 through May 2011. The Angola Malara Indicator Survey (AMIS) is part of the Demographic and Health Surveys (MEASURE DHS) program and the Malaria Indicator Surveys (MIS) programs, implemented by ICF International under contract with USAID Washington. The objectives of the 2011 AMIS are (1) to evaluate behavior related to the prevention and treatment of malaria and (2) to estimate the prevalence of malaria among children under age 5. Additional questions were included to facilitate the estimation of fertility and infant mortality.

Fieldwork for the 2011 AMIS took place between January 2011 and May 2011, amidst heavy rains and floods typical of the period of high transmission of malaria. The survey collected data from 8,030 households and 8,589 women age 15-49. The sample was designed to represent populations at the national level, at urban and rural levels, and in four recognized malaria epidemiological regions: Hyperendemic, Mesoendemic Stable, Mesoendemic Unstable, and the Province of Luanda.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Household,
• Individual.

Universe

The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged between 15-49 years, all children under age 5 living in the household.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

OBJECTIVES OF THE SAMPLING DESIGN (1) The 2011 AMIS survey was designed to determine reliable malaria prevalence estimates among children under age 5 at the various domains of interest (when feasible) and mortality estimates for children under age 5. (2) The major domains to be distinguished in the tabulation of key indicators are: - Angola at the national level - The majority of indicators for each of the four domains defined for Angola and classified as the following regions: 1) Hyperendemic region, high malaria prevalence 2) Mesoendemic Stable region, medium malaria prevalence 3) Mesoendemic Unstable region, medium malaria prevalence, though prevalence is affected by the amount of rain 4) Luanda province - Urban and rural areas of Angola (each as a separate domain) - Any contiguous group of provinces with an adequate sample size of at least 1,500 households (3) The primary objective of the 2011 AMIS is to provide estimates with acceptable precision for important population indicators associated with each domain, such as: a. Ownership and use of mosquito bednets. b. Practices to treat malaria among children under age 5 and the use of specific antimalarial drugs c. Prevalence of malaria and anemia among children age 6-59 months d. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding malaria in the general population

SAMPLE FRAME Administratively, Angola is divided into 18 provinces, which can be grouped into eight subregions depending on how they share some common factors.2 In turn, each province is subdivided into municipalities (164 in total), and each municipality is divided into communes (532 in total). Each commune is classified as either urban or rural. In addition to these administrative units, in preparation for the last population census, each urban commune was subdivided into segments named census sections (CSs) that were equivalent to enumeration areas. The National Statistical Institute (INE) had been preparing cartographic materials, including a count of rooms and dwellings, for each CS in the urban areas. This material became an appropriate sampling frame for the 2011 AMIS. However, INE does not have updated cartographic material for the rural areas. To compensate for this lack, INE uses its regional offices to collect a list of villages, with estimated populations in each village, for most of the rural communes,. To develop the sample frame for the 2011 AMIS, the list of CSs was used for the urban communes and the list of villages was used for the rural communes.

STRATIFICATION The communes were grouped by major region, by rural or urban location, by sub-region, and by province as a way to identify homogeneous sampling units. In addition, within each urban commune, several CSs were grouped, taking advantage of the existing neighborhoods (sub-districts) for stratification of the sample.

SAMPLE SIZE The following table includes different scenarios used to select a sample size in a populationbased survey. In the absence of domains, the numbers are valid for the entire population; however, if analyses are expected for more than one domain, then the numbers should be interpreted as required for each domain.

SAMPLE ALLOCATION The clusters for the implementation of the 2011 AMIS are defined on the basis of census sections (CSs) for urban communes and on the basis of villages for rural communes. The 240 clusters considered for the 2011 AMIS were equally allocated at 60 clusters in each domain. The target for the 2011 AMIS was to select about 8,800 households. Therefore, the sample take is on average 36 selected households per cluster (i.e., 8,800/240). Clusters are distributed as 96 in the urban areas and 144 in the rural areas.

Under the final sample allocation, it is expected that each of the four major malaria regions in Angola will provide a minimum of about 2,200 completed women interviews, 2,100 children under age 5, and 2,000 births in the last five years. Neither the distribution of the 240 clusters among major regions nor the distribution of households in the sample is proportional to the estimated population distribution. This is due to the disproportional number of CSs among major regions. As a result, the sample for the 2011 AMIS is not a selfweighted household sample. Therefore, the 2011 AMIS sample is unbalanced for residence areas and regions and will require the design of a final weighting adjustment procedure to provide representative estimates for all the study domains.

SAMPLE SELECTION The sample for the 2011 AMIS was selected using a stratified three-stage cluster design consisting of 240 clusters, with 96 in urban areas and 144 in rural areas. In each urban or rural area in a given region, clusters are selected systematically with probability proportional to size.

The sampling procedures are fully described in Appendix A of " Angola Malaria Indicator Survey 2011 - Final Report" pp.43-48.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Two types of questionnaires were used for the 2011 AMIS: a household questionnaire and another questionnaire for women age 15-49 in the households selected for the survey. The questionnaires were developed from the ones used for the 2006-07 malaria indicator survey, which followed the methodology of the Roll Back Malaria and MEASURE DHS programs.

The Household Questionnaire was used to list all the usual members and visitors who stayed in the selected households the night before the survey. It also identified women eligible for interviewing and children age 6-59 months eligible for anemia and malaria tests.

Basic information collected on the characteristics of each person included age, sex, and relationship to head of household. The Household Questionnaire was also used to collect information on characteristics of the household dwelling, such as the water source; type of toilet facilities; materials used for the roof, floors, and walls; possession of durable goods; and possession and use of mosquito nets.

The Woman’s Questionnaire, used to collect information for all women age 15-49, covered the following topics: - Sociodemographic characteristics of the respondent - Birth history - Prenatal care and intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) of malaria during pregnancy for the most recent birth - Treatment of malaria symptoms in children - Malaria knowledge

The survey protocol was submitted to and approved by the National Ethical Review Committee of the National Malaria Control Program and by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of ICF Macro.

Cleaning operations

Data entry started two weeks after the beginning of fieldwork. Twelve data entry operators were used, six in the morning and six in the afternoon. They were supervised by the data processing manager, the questionnaire organizer, and the questionnaire editor. Control tables with data on interviewer and team performance were assessed periodically, especially during the first two weeks of fieldwork. The tables helped identify mistakes some teams made at the beginning of fieldwork; these mistakes resulted in extra supervisory field visits. Once the data entry was finalized, a consultant verified completeness of the questionnaires and consistency betwen data entry and the initial results.

Response rate

A total of 8,806 households were selected, of which 8,493 were occupied. The total number of households interviewed was 8,030, yielding a household response rate of 95 percent.

A total of 8,746 eligible women were identified in these households, and interviews were completed for 8,589 women, yielding a response rate of 98 percent. Household response rates were 97 percent in urban areas and 93 percent in rural areas, and response rates for eligible women were 97 percent in urban areas and 99 percent in rural areas.

Sampling error estimates

The sample of respondents selected in the 2011 AMIS is only one of many samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same sample design and expected size. Each of these samples would yield results that differ somewhat from

Sociodemographic characteristics of pregnant women tested for HIV in Luanda, Angola, 2018.