This statistic shows the biggest cities in Luxembourg in 2023. In 2024, approximately **** million people lived in the administrative area of Luxembourg, making it the biggest city in Luxembourg.

In 1800, the population of Luxembourg was estimated to be 127,000, a figure which would rise steadily through the early 19 th century as the country would become an increasingly prominent city in the region. Luxembourg’s population would see its first major period of growth following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, which would result in the previously-French occupied Luxembourg being granted formal autonomy in the subsequent Congress of Vienna. As a largely agrarian state at this time, the population of Luxembourg would see several periods of growth and decline throughout the remainder of the 20th century, as many residents emigrated abroad to countries such as the United States in search of work. Nevertheless, the population of Luxembourg would rise to over 235,000 by the turn of the century, as Dutch modernization and the removal of the city’s fortifications in the 1867 Treaty of London would allow for a greater expansion of the city proper.

The first half of the 20 th century would largely be a period of stagnation for the country, as the country would see large periods of stagnation in the 1910s and throughout the 1930s and 1940s, as occupation in both World Wars and the 1918 Spanish Flu epidemic) would see massive damage to the city in both human and economic terms. Luxembourg’s population would see significant growth in the country’s population, particularly so following the creation of the European Union in 1958 (Luxembourg was one of the six founding members of the union). Growth would accelerate even further following the 1980s, as increases in industrialization and accompanying economic growth would lead to an increasingly growing immigrant population from other EU nations in Luxembourg, which by 2015 would account for nearly half the citizens in Luxembourg. As a result of this growth, in 2020, Luxembourg is estimated to have a population of 626,000.

In 2023, the population of Luxembourg amounted to over 660,000. The largest age groups were formed by those between 35 and 39 years old (53,800 people) and between 40 and 44 years old (51,900 people). By comparison: only 4,900 people were 90 years or older.

 Luxembourg’s foreign population  

Just like Andorra or Monaco, Luxembourg has a large foreign population. Almost as many people with a foreign citizenship as Luxembourgish citizens live in the country. In 2022, the share of foreign nationals living in the Grand Duchy reached just over 47 percent. That year, of Luxembourg’s population roughly 341 thousand people had the Luxembourgish nationality, the remaining 304 thousand were foreign nationals.  

Differences between the Luxembourgish and foreign nationals  

Comparing the Luxembourgish and the foreign nationals, most of the foreign nationals were between 35 and 39 years old. Among the Luxembourgish nationals, this was also a large group, but the largest age groups were composed of those 20 to 24 years old.

3D buildings with LOD 2.2 classification on the municipal territory of Luxembourg City in 2019.

Based on the asking price from one of Luxembourg's real estate agencies, there were large differences in residential property prices in the different neighborhoods of Luxembourg City. The average price (which includes both houses as well as apartments) was highest in the city district of Limpertsberg: more than ****** euros per square meter. The district of Weimerskirch was nearly twice as cheap with an average price of ***** euros per square meter. Nearly one third of the population in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg lived in the canton of Luxembourg (Luxembourg City and its surroundings in 2019).

Over the five years through 2025, industry revenue is projected to mount at a compound annual rate of 0.4% to €113.5 billion. Supported by the EU Commission and European Investment Bank, urban public transport is becoming more sustainable, rolling out electric buses and low-emission trains. Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems have gained popularity as a cost-effective alternative to far more expensive urban rail investments. Similarly, European metro services remain major cities' primary public transport service, driven by convenience and accelerating urbanisation across Europe. Ridership levels play a crucial role in driving industry revenue growth and profitability. High ridership is essential for covering operational costs and informs decisions on reinvestment in infrastructure upgrades. Additionally, investments in these urban networks are significantly influenced by government policies, since many of them are publicly owned. The COVID-19 outbreak slashed passenger numbers, with many trains and bus services across Europe suspending or reducing operations amid lockdown orders. Recovery was sluggish in 2021 and remained subdued in 2022 due to the widespread adoption of remote and hybrid work arrangements, which have led to lasting changes in commuting patterns and negatively impacted industry fare income. Although some urban transport systems have fully recovered from the pandemic downturn in 2023, many still have not, limiting industry revenue. Additionally, escalating operating costs due to rampant inflation and the energy crisis have further hindered profitability. In response, urban networks are implementing cost-saving strategies, streamlining their workforce and actively investing in digitalisation to enhance operational efficiency. In 2025, industry revenue is forecast to grow by 0.4%. Over the five years through 2030, industry revenue is expected to climb at a compound annual rate of 4.2% to reach €139.6 billion. The Europe Strategy for low-emission mobility and EU urban mobility framework strive to boost the share of sustainable transport modes in urban transport systems, including increasing the number of electric buses in circulation. These strategies will help the EU reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030 and by 90% by 2050 while boosting investment in the industry. Similarly, autonomous shuttle services have the potential to support urban transit service expansion with lower capital and operating costs compared with other modes of public transport.

Urban sprawl has resulted in the permanent presence of large mammal species in urban areas, leading to human–wildlife conflicts. Wild boar Sus scrofa are establishing a permanent presence in many cities in Europe, with the largest German urban population occurring in Berlin. Despite their relatively long-term presence, there is little knowledge of colonization processes, dispersal patterns or connectivity of Berlin's populations, hampering the development of effective management plans. We used 13 microsatellite loci to genotype 387 adult and subadult wild boar from four urban forests, adjacent built-up areas and the surrounding rural forests. We applied genetic clustering algorithms to analyse the population genetic structure of the urban boar. We used approximate Bayesian computation to infer the boar's colonization history of the city. Finally, we used assignment tests to determine the origin of wild boar hunted in the urban built-up areas. The animals in three urban forests formed distinct genetic clusters, with the remaining samples all being assigned to one rural population. One urban cluster was founded by individuals from another urban cluster rather than by rural immigrants. The wild boar that had been harvested within urban built-up areas was predominantly assigned to the rural cluster surrounding the urban area, rather than to one of the urban clusters. Synthesis and applications. Our results are likely to have an immediate impact on management strategies for urban wild board populations in Berlin, because they show that there are not only distinct urban clusters, but also ongoing source–sink dynamics between urban and rural areas. It is therefore essential that the neighbouring Federal States of Berlin and Brandenburg develop common hunting plans to control the wild boar population and reduce conflicts in urban areas.

This statistic displays the annual rainfall in Luxembourg-City from 2008 to 2022. The annual rainfall was at its highest in 2021 period with 944.6 millimeters of rain, and at its lowest in 2011 with 544.6 millimeters of rain.

Vienna, Luxembourg, and Hamburg were the markets with the lowest vacancy rates in Europe in the fourth quarter of 2024. Vacancy rates are a measurement of unoccupied properties during a given period and are a good indication of an area’s desirability and opportunity for development. High vacancy rates can indicate an economic downturn, a lack of demand, or possibly that standards do not meet speculative renters’ needs. Low vacancy rates are, in general, considered a good thing as it means there is a good level of demand from customers, although low vacancy rates may also show a need for more development which is not being met. Since the beginning of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, vacancy rates in the office sector have been on the rise because of declining occupiers' demand.
The major European office markets? London, Paris, and Stockholm were the most expensive markets for office real estate in Europe in 2023. In London, prime office space, which refers to a property of the highest quality, optimal location, and standard dimensions that are in accordance with the local demand, was able to fetch a staggering price of 2,069 euros per square meter. When it comes to total stock, Berlin ranked among the largest markets in Europe. Where is office space most profitable? According to 2024 forecast the UK is expected to see the most return on investment by 2025 and 2026 than Europe. Industry experts forecast that investment will have better prospects than development, and that central city offices will perform better than suburban offices.

In 2025, Luxembourg reached the highest score in the quality of life index in Europe, with 220 points. In second place, The Netherlands registered 211 points. On the opposite side of the spectrum, Albania and Ukraine registered the lowest quality of life across Europe with 104 and 115 points respectively. The Quality of Life Index (where a higher score indicates a higher quality of life) is an estimation of overall quality of life, calculated using an empirical formula. This formula considers various factors, including the purchasing power index, pollution index, house price-to-income ratio, cost of living index, safety index, health care index, traffic commute time index, and climate index.