In 2022, the U.S. states with the highest rates of Lyme disease were Rhode Island, Vermont, and Maine. However, the states with the highest total number of Lyme disease cases were New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. That year, there were a total of 2,653 cases of Lyme disease in the state of Maine, with an incidence rate of 192.6 per 100,000 population.

What is Lyme disease? Lyme disease is caused by bacteria usually transmitted to humans through the bite of a tick. Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States, however it is much more prevalent in some states than others, with the upper Midwest and the Northeastern states most at risk. Symptoms of Lyme disease can vary and usually come in stages but may include a rash, fever, headache, stiffness in the joints, tiredness, and muscle aches and pains. Lyme disease is usually treated with antibiotics. In 2022, funding for Lyme disease from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) totaled around 50 million U.S. dollars.

Trends in Lyme disease Although the number of Lyme disease cases per year fluctuates, over the past couple decades, the number of Lyme disease cases in the United States has steadily increased. Between 1996 and 2022, the highest number of Lyme disease cases was in the year 2022 when over 62,500 cases were reported. The lowest number reported during this period was in 1997, with around 12,800 cases. Cases of Lyme disease are much more common in the summer months of June and July as this is when people are most likely to encounter ticks. The risk of Lyme disease is expected to increase in the future as climate change contributes to an expanded habitat for ticks.

In 2023, New York had 22,173 cases of Lyme disease. That year, there were a total of 89,468 cases of Lyme disease in the United States. Lyme disease is a bacterial infection spread by ticks. Lyme disease is the most commonly reported vector-borne illness in the United States. This statistic displays the number of confirmed Lyme disease cases in each state in the United States in 2023.

This map shows the location of reported Lyme disease cases and changes in these cases over time from 2000 to 2020. Each dot on the map represents one case of Lyme disease. Cases are marked in the case’s county of residence, not necessarily the county of exposure. The map does not include data where county of residence was not reported. People travel between counties and states, and the place of residence is sometimes different from the place where the patient became infected.The map also shows shaded states with high incidence of Lyme disease. Many high incidence states have modified surveillance practices. Contact your state health department for more information.Data used to make this map are reported through the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System.Many high incidence states have modified surveillance practices that have led to notable decreases in case counts over time. Consequently, these data may not accurately represent disease trends in those areas. Reference MaterialsLyme Disease | Lyme Disease | CDCAnnual statistics from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). (cdc.gov)Contact InformationBZB_Public@cdc.gov

In 2023, the incidence rate of Lyme disease was around ** per 100,000 population. Lyme disease is a bacterial infection spread by ticks. It is the most commonly reported vector-borne illness in the United States. This statistic displays the incidence rates of confirmed Lyme disease cases in the United States from 1996 to 2023, per 100,000 persons.

From 2010 to 2023, there were around 73,950 cases of Lyme disease with an onset in July. Lyme disease is a bacterial infection transmitted by ticks to humans. It is the most commonly reported vector-borne illness in the United States. This statistic displays the number of cases of Lyme disease in the U.S. from 2010 to 2023, by month.

This map shows the Lyme Disease incidence rate per 100,000 by county. Counties are shaded based on quartile distribution. The lighter shaded counties have lower incidence rates of Lyme Disease. The darker shaded counties have higher incidence rates of Lyme Disease. New York State Community Health Indicator Reports (CHIRS) were developed in 2012, and are updated annually to consolidate and improve data linkages for the health indicators included in the County Health Assessment Indicators (CHAI) for all communities in New York. The CHIRS present data for more than 300 health indicators that are organized by 15 different health topics. Data if provided for all 62 New York State counties, 11 regions (including New York City), the State excluding New York City, and New York State. For more information, check out: http://www.health.ny.gov/statistics/chac/indicators/. The "About" tab contains additional details concerning this dataset.

Cartographic boundaries and fill indicated US States where Lyme disease cases are low in incidence. Filtered and styled from publicly available USA State Cartographic Boundary feature layers on ArcGIS Online.Reference MaterialsLyme Disease WebsiteLyme Disease Maps Annual statistics from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). (cdc.gov) Contact Informationbdbepigroup@cdc.gov

This indicator shows how reported Lyme disease incidence has changed by state since 1991, based on the number of new cases per 100,000 people. The total change has been estimated from the average annual rate of change in each state. This map is limited to the 14 states where Lyme disease is most common, where annual rates are consistently above 10 cases per 100,000. Connecticut, New York, and Rhode Island had too much year-to-year variation in reporting practices to allow trend calculation. For more information: www.epa.gov/climatechange/science/indicators

From the period 2008 to 2022, the incidence rate of Lyme disease among males in the United States was highest among those aged 65 to 69 years. This statistic shows the incidence rate of Lyme disease in the United States in the period 2008 to 2022, by age and gender.

Tick-borne diseases are the most commonly reported vector-borne diseases in North America and recent estimates of Lyme disease prevalence in the United States alone are as high as 300,000 cases annually. While the vast majority of cases in the US are reported in the upper Midwest and northeast, there are cases reported from throughout California every year, yet research on ticks and the diseases they vector has been restricted primarily to a handful of northern California counties. Recent research has extended this work to Santa Barbara County and yielded results suggesting both that phenology of some tick species is remarkably constant over large geographic areas and that tick populations and communities can be highly variable even within relatively small geographic areas with similar habitats and climate. As a result, acaralogical risk is expected to be highly variable across the landscape. Recent large-scale studies and surveillance efforts have been undertaken in the eastern US to characterize this variability and identify areas of high expected acaralogical risk. This type of large-scale sampling effort on the ground is crucial to our understanding of the highly geographically variable nature of ticks and tick-borne diseases and what factors are driving their emergence. This project aims to use the UC Natural Reserve System to carry out a standardized sampling and surveillance effort applied at a larger geographical scale than has yet been undertaken in California. The goal of which is both to begin to characterize regional differences in tick communities, infection prevalence, and human risk as well as provide baseline information for the UC Reserves, and for the safety of staff and researchers working on them, that can be built upon in future studies. Specifically, data collected from the reserves will be used to ask the following questions: 1. How do tick community composition and relative abundance differ regionally in California? H1: I. pacificus will make up a larger proportion of the community at higher latitudes and in cooler, wetter climates; the proportion will decrease as latitude decreases and as climate becomes hotter and drier where it will be dominated by Dermacentor spp. H2: Overall tick abundance will decrease with latitude and as climate becomes more arid. 2. Are there differences in infection prevalence of I. pacificus with B. burgdorferi on a regional scale in California? H3: Infection prevalence will be highest in the north and decrease with latitude.

The California Department of Public Health, Vector-Borne Disease Section (CDPH-VBDS) and its partner agencies collect and test ticks for tick-borne pathogens as part of a statewide vector-borne disease surveillance program. CDPH also collects information on reported confirmed human Lyme disease cases in California.

In California, the western blacklegged tick (Ixodes pacificus) is the vector (or carrier) of Lyme disease caused by the agent Borrelia burgdorferi. This story map displays county-level summaries of blacklegged tick collections since 1985, Borrelia burgdorferi testing since 1985, and the number of reported confirmed human Lyme disease cases by county of residence from 20010 to 2019.

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Layers:

County summaries of Ixodes pacificus collections and testing in California from 1985-2019: This layer provides county-level summaries of western blacklegged tick collections and Borrelia burgdorferi testing results from 1985 to 2019. Results for the nymphal and adult tick stages are provided. Note that nymphal ticks may pose a higher Lyme disease infection risk to humans than adult ticks.

Ixodes pacificus collection locations, 1985 - 2019: This layer shows where western blacklegged ticks have been collected throughout the state.

County Ixodes pacificus collection totals, 1985 - 2019: This layers provides a county-level summary of the total number of Ixodes pacificus collected from 1985 - 2018.

Lyme Disease Incidence, 2010 - 2019: This layer presents the number of confirmed human Lyme disease cases per 100,000 person-years by county. Click on a county to view the incidence for that county.

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Notes:

• Since tick collection is not done uniformly throughout the state, absence of tick collection or Borrelia burgdorferi-positive ticks in a given area may indicate lack of surveillance data; it does not mean that ticks or infected ticks are absent.
• Data on this map represent ticks collected by the California Department of Public Health, local mosquito and vector control agencies, and other public agencies. Data for ticks independently tested by local mosquito and vector control agencies may not be included on this map.

Lyme Disease Testing Market Outlook

The global Lyme Disease Testing market size was estimated at USD 1.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 3.2 billion by 2032, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.5% over the forecast period. The growth of the Lyme Disease Testing market is primarily driven by the rising incidence of Lyme disease, heightened awareness, and advancements in diagnostic technologies. The increasing prevalence of Lyme disease worldwide has necessitated the development of accurate and timely diagnostic tools, propelling market growth.

One of the major growth factors contributing to the expansion of the Lyme Disease Testing market is the increasing prevalence of Lyme disease globally. Lyme disease, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, is transmitted through the bite of infected black-legged ticks. The rising number of reported cases, particularly in high-risk regions such as North America and Europe, underscores the urgent need for effective diagnostic solutions. The growing awareness among healthcare professionals and the general population about the symptoms and risks associated with Lyme disease also fuels demand for diagnostic tests.

Advancements in diagnostic technologies represent another critical driver for the Lyme Disease Testing market. Innovations in serological tests, nucleic acid tests, and other diagnostic modalities have significantly improved the accuracy and efficiency of Lyme disease detection. These advancements have led to the development of more sensitive and specific tests, enabling early and accurate diagnosis, which is crucial for effective treatment. Moreover, technological advancements have facilitated the development of point-of-care diagnostic solutions, enhancing accessibility and convenience for patients.

Government initiatives and funding for Lyme disease research and diagnosis further contribute to the market's growth. In response to the increasing burden of Lyme disease, several governments and healthcare organizations have launched programs to support research and improve diagnostic capabilities. These initiatives include funding for the development of new diagnostic tests, public awareness campaigns, and the establishment of guidelines for early detection and treatment. Such efforts are expected to drive market growth by fostering innovation and improving diagnostic infrastructure.

The regional outlook for the Lyme Disease Testing market indicates significant growth potential in North America and Europe, where Lyme disease incidence is notably high. North America, particularly the United States, is expected to dominate the market due to the high prevalence of the disease, advanced healthcare infrastructure, and robust research initiatives. Europe also presents considerable growth opportunities, driven by similar factors and increasing awareness about Lyme disease. The Asia Pacific region, while currently exhibiting lower incidence rates, is projected to experience substantial growth due to improving healthcare infrastructure and rising awareness. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa regions are expected to witness gradual market growth, supported by ongoing healthcare advancements and government initiatives.

Test Type Analysis

Serological Tests are the most widely used diagnostic tools for Lyme disease, comprising a significant share of the market. These tests detect antibodies produced by the immune system in response to Borrelia burgdorferi infection. Serological tests are popular due to their relatively low cost, ease of use, and widespread availability. However, they are not without limitations, as they may produce false-negative results in the early stages of infection when antibody levels are low. Despite these challenges, ongoing advancements in serological test technologies aim to enhance their sensitivity and specificity, thereby improving diagnostic accuracy.

Nucleic Acid Tests, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, represent a growing segment within the Lyme Disease Testing market. These tests detect the genetic material of the Borrelia burgdorferi bacterium, offering high sensitivity and specificity. Nucleic acid tests are particularly valuable for early diagnosis, as they can identify the presence of the bacteria even before the immune system has produced detectable levels of antibodies. The increasing adoption of nucleic acid tests is driven by advancements in molecular diagnostic technologies, leading to more accurate and timely detection of Lyme disease.

Urine Antigen Tests are another diagnostic app

In 1996, there were 16,455 new cases of Lyme disease in the United States. In 2022, the number of new cases stood at 62,551. This statistic shows the number of new cases of Lyme disease in the U.S. from 1996 to 2022.

IntroductionLyme disease (LD) incidence in the United States is highly regional, with most cases occurring in 16 high-incidence jurisdictions. LD incidence and severity of disease have been found to vary by race. This study describes racial differences in knowledge, attitudes toward vaccination, and risk practices related to LD.MethodsFour web-based surveys were conducted with adults and caregivers of children in high-incidence jurisdictions and 10 states neighboring them. Respondents were recruited via an established online panel to represent the general population. Self-reported race was pooled into 3 categories: ‘White’, ‘Black or African American’, and ‘Other’ for analysis. Analyses were conducted separately for each jurisdiction (high-incidence vs. neighboring) and respondent type (adult vs. caregiver).ResultsThe final sample across all surveys included 2,249 respondents who identified as White, 493 respondents who identified as Black or African American, and 674 respondents of other races. White respondents were older, had higher incomes, and were likelier to live in small cities and rural areas. Though attitudes toward vaccination in general were similar between racial categories, when differences were present, Black respondents were more likely to have concerns about vaccines than White respondents. In all surveys, White respondents engaged in more outdoor activities than Black respondents and performed these activities more often. However, both White adults and caregivers in high-incidence jurisdictions were significantly less likely to have occupations with primarily outdoor work than corresponding respondents in other racial groups. Black respondents also had lower knowledge about LD than White respondents across all surveys. This difference was significant after adjusting for state incidence level and urbanicity.ConclusionThere are some racial differences in knowledge, attitudes, and practices around LD, with White respondents reported having higher knowledge of LD, less concerns about vaccines, and higher frequency of risk practices. These differences might contribute to racial disparities in LD outcomes.

R codes include two separate files for compiling data and model development. Data include tick/pathogen collection data for different years, with data grouped by years for training and test data for the model.

Relevant R code and tick collection data that were previously published can be found at MendeleyData (doi: https://doi.org/10.17632/rtd52gnbyy.1) with further detail in Supplementary Materials in Tran et al. 2020.

The Lyme disease diagnostic market is experiencing steady growth, projected at a 5.50% CAGR from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. Increasing Lyme disease incidence globally, driven by factors like expanding tick populations and human encroachment on wildlife habitats, necessitates improved diagnostic capabilities. The market is witnessing a shift towards more sensitive and specific diagnostic technologies, moving beyond traditional serological tests (ELISA and Western Blot) to incorporate newer methods such as nucleic acid tests and immunofluorescent staining. This transition is driven by the limitations of traditional tests, including high rates of false positives and negatives, especially in early-stage infections. Furthermore, advancements in point-of-care diagnostics are streamlining testing processes, reducing turnaround times, and improving accessibility, particularly in rural and underserved areas. The growing awareness of Lyme disease and improved healthcare infrastructure, particularly in developing economies, contribute to the market's growth. However, high testing costs, especially for advanced technologies, and the complexity associated with interpreting test results remain challenges. The market is segmented by diagnostic technology (serological tests, nucleic acid tests, etc.) and end-user (hospitals, clinical laboratories). Major players like Abbott, Bio-Rad, Roche, and others are actively involved in developing and commercializing improved Lyme disease diagnostic tools, further driving market expansion. The geographic distribution of Lyme disease significantly influences market dynamics. North America, particularly the United States, holds a substantial market share due to high disease prevalence. Europe and Asia-Pacific also represent significant market opportunities, with growth driven by increased awareness, improved healthcare infrastructure, and rising incidence rates in specific regions. The competitive landscape is characterized by both established players offering comprehensive diagnostic solutions and smaller companies specializing in innovative technologies. Future market growth will likely be shaped by continuous technological advancements, improved diagnostic accuracy, and greater accessibility of testing, particularly in regions with limited resources. Furthermore, government initiatives promoting public health awareness and disease surveillance programs will play a critical role in shaping market trajectory. Recent developments include: In July 2022, T2Biosystems, T2Lyme Panel was granted by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA). The T2Lyme Panel is designed to provide greater accuracy in the diagnosis of early Lyme disease, which may help improve care and lead to better patient outcomes. The T2Lyme Panel identifies the bacteria that cause Lyme disease directly from a patient's blood., In April 2022, Valneva and Pfizer reported further positive phase 2 data for Lyme disease vaccine candidate, VLA15. The new results, Valneva and Pfizer planned to proceed with a three-dose primary series vaccination schedule in a planned Phase 3 clinical trial. The trial will evaluate VLA15 in adults and pediatric subjects 5 years of age and above and is expected to be initiated in 2022, subject to regulatory approval.. Key drivers for this market are: Rise in Prevalence of Lyme Disease, Favorable Government Towards Healthcare Facilities; Emergence of New Lyme Diagnostic Tests. Potential restraints include: Rise in Prevalence of Lyme Disease, Favorable Government Towards Healthcare Facilities; Emergence of New Lyme Diagnostic Tests. Notable trends are: Serological​ Test Segment to Witness Significant Growth Over the Forecast Period in the Lyme Disease Diagnostic Market..

Zoonotic pathogens that cause devastating morbidity and mortality in humans may be relatively harmless in their natural reservoir hosts. The tick-borne bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi causes Lyme disease in humans but few studies have investigated whether this pathogen reduces the fitness of its reservoir hosts under natural conditions. We analyzed four years of capture-mark-recapture (CMR) data on a population of white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus, to test whether B. burgdorferi and its tick vector affect the survival of this important reservoir host. We used a multi-state CMR approach to model mouse survival and mouse infection rates as a function of a variety of ecologically relevant explanatory factors. We found no effect of B. burgdorferi infection or tick burden on the survival of P. leucopus. Our estimates of the probability of infection varied by an order of magnitude (0.051 to 0.535) and were consistent with our understanding of Lyme disease in the Northeastern United States...

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In the period 2008 to 2022, there were around 290 thousand Lyme disease cases among white people in the United States. This statistic shows the number of Lyme disease cases in the United States in the period 2008 to 2022, by race

Lyme Disease Treatment Market Outlook

The global Lyme disease treatment market size was valued at approximately USD 1.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 2.8 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 6.5% during the forecast period. This growth is primarily driven by increasing incidences of Lyme disease, advancements in medical treatments, and rising awareness about the disease among the general population.

One of the critical growth factors for the Lyme disease treatment market is the increasing incidence of the disease across various regions. Lyme disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted through the bite of infected blacklegged ticks. The disease is most commonly reported in the United States, particularly in the Northeast and upper Midwest regions. As the population in these areas continues to grow and people engage in more outdoor activities, the risk of exposure to infected ticks increases, subsequently driving the demand for effective treatment options.

Another significant driver of the market is the advancement in Lyme disease diagnostic techniques and treatment methods. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment of Lyme disease, and recent technological advancements have led to the development of more accurate and faster diagnostic tests. Moreover, ongoing research and development in the pharmaceutical industry have led to the introduction of new antibiotics and other treatment options that are more effective in managing the symptoms and progression of the disease. These advancements are expected to contribute significantly to the growth of the Lyme disease treatment market.

The rising awareness about Lyme disease and its symptoms among the general population is also a vital factor contributing to market growth. Public health campaigns, educational programs, and increased media coverage have all played a role in informing people about the risks of Lyme disease, how to prevent tick bites, and the importance of seeking medical attention if symptoms occur. This heightened awareness has led to more people seeking medical treatment for Lyme disease, thereby driving the demand for various treatment options available in the market.

From a regional perspective, North America is expected to hold the largest market share in the Lyme disease treatment market, followed by Europe and Asia Pacific. The high incidence rate of Lyme disease in the United States and Canada, combined with well-established healthcare infrastructure and the presence of key market players, are the primary factors driving the market in North America. In contrast, the market in Europe is driven by increasing awareness and the rising incidence of Lyme disease in several countries. The Asia Pacific region is anticipated to witness the fastest growth rate due to improving healthcare infrastructure, increased focus on disease prevention, and growing awareness about Lyme disease.

Treatment Type Analysis

The Lyme disease treatment market can be segmented into various treatment types, including antibiotics, pain relievers, immune support, herbal remedies, and others. Antibiotics remain the most commonly prescribed treatment for Lyme disease, as they are highly effective in eradicating the bacterial infection if administered early. Common antibiotics used in the treatment of Lyme disease include doxycycline, amoxicillin, and cefuroxime. The effectiveness of antibiotics in treating early-stage Lyme disease, reducing symptoms, and preventing complications has made them a cornerstone of Lyme disease management. The continuous development of new antibiotic formulations and combinations is expected to further bolster this segment's market share.

Pain relievers are another important segment in the Lyme disease treatment market. Many patients with Lyme disease experience significant pain and discomfort, which can persist even after the bacterial infection has been treated. Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen are commonly used to manage these symptoms. Additionally, prescription medications, including stronger pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs, are often required for patients with severe or chronic pain. The increasing prevalence of chronic Lyme disease cases, where pain management becomes a critical aspect of treatment, is likely to drive the growth of this segment.

Immune support treatments are also gaining traction in the Lyme disease treatment market. These treatments aim to boost the patient's immune system to help fight off the infection and prevent recurrence.