The share of systematic hedge fund launches that uses artificial intelligence or machine learning grew overall during the last decade. One percent of fund launches in 2010 used artificial intelligence or machine learning, and the proportion peaked at ** percent of fund launches in 2018.

Hedge Funds Market Outlook

The global hedge funds market size was valued at approximately $3.5 trillion in 2023 and is projected to reach around $5.7 trillion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.5% during the forecast period. Driving this growth is a combination of market volatility, investor demand for diversified investment strategies, and the evolving landscape of financial regulations.

One of the primary growth factors for the hedge funds market is the increased appetite for risk-adjusted returns. Investors, especially in the wake of economic uncertainties and market volatilities, are increasingly gravitating towards hedge funds that promise higher returns compared to traditional investment vehicles like mutual funds. This is particularly true for institutional investors, who seek diversified portfolios that can weather market downturns while capitalizing on growth opportunities.

Moreover, advancements in financial technology are significantly contributing to the expansion of the hedge fund market. The application of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and big data analytics is enabling hedge fund managers to make more informed decisions, optimize trading strategies, and enhance portfolio management. These technological innovations are not only improving the efficiency of hedge funds but also attracting a new generation of tech-savvy investors.

Additionally, the evolving regulatory landscape is shaping the growth trajectory of the hedge fund industry. While stringent regulations can pose challenges, they also bring a level of transparency and stability that can attract more conservative investors. For instance, regulations that mandate higher disclosure standards and investor protections can enhance the credibility of hedge funds, making them more appealing to a broader investor base.

In terms of regional outlook, North America continues to dominate the hedge funds market, accounting for the largest market share. The presence of a robust financial infrastructure, a high concentration of institutional investors, and a favorable regulatory environment are some of the key factors driving the market in this region. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period, driven by the rising number of high net worth individuals and the increasing adoption of alternative investment strategies.

Strategy Type Analysis

The hedge funds market is segmented by strategy type into Equity Hedge, Event-Driven, Macro, Relative Value, and Others. Each of these strategies offers unique approaches to generating returns, catering to different investor risk appetites and market conditions. Equity Hedge strategies, which focus on equity markets by taking both long and short positions, dominate the market due to their capacity to mitigate risk while capturing stock market gains.

Event-Driven strategies, which capitalize on corporate events such as mergers, acquisitions, and restructurings, are increasingly gaining traction. These strategies are particularly appealing in volatile market conditions where corporate actions can lead to significant price movements. The ability to exploit inefficiencies around these events makes Event-Driven strategies a critical component of diversified hedge fund portfolios.

Macro strategies, which take positions based on economic and political views of entire countries or regions, offer a broad level of diversification. These strategies leverage global macroeconomic trends and are particularly valuable in uncertain economic climates. The growing interconnectedness of global markets has made Macro strategies increasingly relevant, as they can capture opportunities across various asset classes and geographies.

Relative Value strategies focus on identifying price discrepancies between related securities. This approach involves statistical arbitrage and market-neutral strategies that seek to profit from the relative price movements of securities rather than their absolute price movements. The rise of quantitative trading and algorithmic models has significantly bolstered the effectiveness and popularity of Relative Value strategies.

Lastly, the 'Others' category includes niche strategies such as distressed securities, multi-strategy, and fund of funds. These strategies offer specialized approaches that cater to specific market conditions or investor preferences. Multi-strategy funds, for instance, combine various hedge fund strategies within a s

The global quant fund market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing adoption of quantitative investment strategies by institutional investors and the proliferation of sophisticated analytical tools and technologies. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $2.5 trillion, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12% from 2025 to 2033. This substantial growth is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the increasing complexity of financial markets necessitates the use of quantitative models to identify and exploit subtle market inefficiencies. Secondly, the availability of vast amounts of data, coupled with advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), enables the development of more accurate and efficient trading algorithms. Furthermore, the demand for consistent, data-driven returns, particularly in volatile market conditions, makes quant funds attractive to investors seeking diversification and risk management. The market is segmented by strategy (Trend Following Funds, Countertrend Strategies, Statistical Arbitrage Funds, Convertible Arbitrage, Fixed Income Arbitrage, Commodity Spread Trades, and Others) and sales channel (Direct Sales and Indirect Sales), offering diverse investment options to cater to various risk appetites and investment horizons. The major players in the market are global firms including Bridgewater Associates, AQR Capital Management, and Renaissance Technologies, who are constantly innovating and expanding their offerings. Geographic growth is expected to be strong across North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific, with emerging markets also contributing significantly to the overall market expansion. The continued growth of the quant fund market is projected to be supported by several factors. The integration of advanced technologies like big data analytics and blockchain will continue to enhance the accuracy and speed of quantitative models, leading to improved trading performance. The expanding universe of alternative data sources, including social media sentiment and satellite imagery, will also provide additional insights for quantitative strategies. However, regulatory changes and potential market volatility pose challenges. The increasing regulatory scrutiny of high-frequency trading and the potential for unexpected market shocks are factors that need to be considered when assessing future growth. Despite these challenges, the overall market outlook for quant funds remains positive, with consistent growth projected throughout the forecast period. The ongoing development and refinement of quantitative models, combined with the persistent demand for data-driven investment solutions, are poised to drive significant market expansion in the coming years.

The High-frequency Trading Market is projected to be valued at 5.6 billion USD in 2024, driven by factors such as increasing consumer awareness and the rising prevalence of industry-specific trends. The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.5%, reaching approximately 10.2 billion USD by 2034.

The US hedge fund market, a cornerstone of alternative investments, is experiencing robust growth. With a market size of $2.77 trillion in 2025, it projects a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 6.52% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is driven by several factors, including increasing institutional investor participation seeking higher returns beyond traditional asset classes, the ongoing development of sophisticated quantitative investment strategies, and the persistent demand for alpha generation in volatile market conditions. The market's performance is influenced by macroeconomic factors like interest rate changes and global economic uncertainty, which present both opportunities and risks for hedge fund managers. Despite these challenges, the diverse range of investment strategies employed, from long-short equity to global macro and event-driven, continues to attract capital. Leading firms such as Bridgewater Associates, Renaissance Technologies, and BlackRock play a significant role in shaping market dynamics, but the market also features a large number of smaller, specialized funds catering to niche investment opportunities. The competitive landscape is characterized by intense pressure to outperform benchmarks, leading to ongoing innovation in investment methodologies and technological advancements within portfolio management. Technological advancements are a primary driver, fostering the adoption of artificial intelligence and machine learning for enhanced risk management and investment decision-making. Regulatory changes and evolving investor preferences also play a crucial role in shaping the market’s trajectory. The industry's resilience is evident in its ability to adapt to changing market environments and regulatory landscapes. However, persistent concerns surrounding transparency and fee structures, coupled with periodic market corrections, pose challenges to consistent growth. Despite these headwinds, the long-term outlook for the US hedge fund market remains positive, fueled by ongoing innovation, diversification of strategies, and the sustained pursuit of superior investment returns. Key drivers for this market are: Positive Trends in Equity Market is Driving the Market. Potential restraints include: Positive Trends in Equity Market is Driving the Market. Notable trends are: Rise of the Crypto Hedge Funds in United States.

Hedge Fund Software Market size was valued at USD 1.69 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 4.82 Billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 14% during the forecast period 2026-2032.

Hedge fund software refers to specialized tools and platforms that help hedge funds manage their operations, investing strategies, and regulatory compliance more effectively. These software solutions offer a wide range of features, including as portfolio management, risk assessment, trade execution, reporting, and data analytics. They are designed to address the specific demands of hedge funds, which frequently deal with complicated investment instruments and require extensive research to maximize returns while minimizing risks.

The use of hedge fund software extends across several operational aspects of a hedge fund organization. Portfolio management software, for example, enables fund managers to monitor and evaluate their investment portfolios in real time, assisting them in rebalancing holdings and optimizing asset allocation techniques. Risk management software assists in recognizing and managing investment risks, so guaranteeing that the fund's overall risk exposure remains below acceptable levels.

The future of hedge fund software is expected to see tremendous development and innovation. As technology advances, we should expect to see more integration of AI and machine learning capabilities into software applications. These innovations will improve predictive analytics and decision-making processes, allowing hedge funds to stay ahead in a competitive market.

The global quant fund management fee market, valued at $4,319.2 million in 2025, is projected to experience steady growth, driven by several key factors. The increasing adoption of sophisticated quantitative strategies by institutional investors seeking enhanced risk-adjusted returns is a major catalyst. Technological advancements, particularly in artificial intelligence and machine learning, are fueling the development of more complex and efficient quantitative models, further driving market expansion. Furthermore, the growing availability of big data and improved computing power enables more accurate predictions and optimized portfolio management, attracting significant investments into quant funds. Competitive pressures among fund managers are leading to innovative fee structures and increased transparency, which could influence market dynamics. While regulatory scrutiny and potential market volatility pose some challenges, the overall market outlook remains positive, with a projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is expected to be relatively consistent across regions, with North America and Europe maintaining significant market shares due to the established presence of major quant fund managers and a strong institutional investor base. However, Asia-Pacific is expected to witness faster growth due to increasing investment in financial technology and the burgeoning wealth management sector in developing economies. The segment breakdown (although not provided) would likely show variations in fee structures based on fund size, investment strategy, and performance. The competitive landscape is highly concentrated, with established players like Bridgewater Associates, Renaissance Technologies, and Two Sigma dominating the market. New entrants face significant barriers to entry, including the high cost of developing and implementing advanced quantitative models and attracting top talent. Nevertheless, the potential for disruptive innovation and the continuous evolution of quantitative strategies will continue to shape the future of this dynamic market.

Alternative Data Market size was valued at USD 16.13 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 408.72 Billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 54.92% from 2024 to 2031.

Global Alternative Data Market Drivers

Growing Need for Alpha Generation: Investors are continuously looking for fresh sources of alpha, or excess returns over a benchmark, in the fiercely competitive financial markets. Insights from alternative data are distinct from those from traditional sources, which helps investors spot opportunities and obtain a competitive advantage. Technological Developments: The mass gathering and examination of alternative data has been made easier by technological developments, especially in fields like artificial intelligence, machine learning, and big data analytics. These technologies improve the value proposition of alternative data for investors by enabling complex data processing, pattern detection, and predictive modeling. Proliferation of Data Sources: Beyond traditional financial and economic indicators, there is a proliferation of data sources due to the internet and digital technology. Web traffic, satellite imagery, social media feeds, consumer transactions, and sensor data are just a few examples of the many sources that make up alternative data, which offers deep and varied insights into a number of fields and industries. Regulatory Environment: The gathering, storing, and use of alternative data may be affected by changes in regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of the European Union and other comparable data protection legislation across the globe. Adherence to regulatory mandates is crucial for alternative data providers and consumers, as it molds the market environment and impacts data procurement tactics.

The global quantitative fund market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing adoption of sophisticated data analytics and algorithmic trading strategies. While precise market size figures for 2025 aren't provided, considering a typical CAGR of 10-15% (a reasonable estimate for this rapidly evolving sector) and assuming a 2024 market size of $1 trillion (a conservative estimate given the involvement of major players), the 2025 market size can be estimated at $1.1 trillion to $1.15 trillion. This substantial market value indicates significant investor interest in quantitative strategies and highlights the sector's potential for continued expansion. The market is segmented by fund type (Trend Following, Counter-trend, Statistical Arbitrage, etc.) and application (direct and indirect sales), catering to a diverse range of investor needs and risk profiles. Growth drivers include the availability of big data, advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning, and increasing demand for risk-adjusted returns. However, challenges exist, including regulatory scrutiny, potential for market shocks that disrupt algorithmic models, and the inherent complexity of managing these sophisticated funds. The strong performance of quantitative funds, especially in periods of market volatility, attracts significant capital inflows. The leading players, including Bridgewater Associates, Renaissance Technologies, and Two Sigma, are continuously refining their strategies and expanding their technological capabilities. Geographical distribution shows a concentration of activity in North America and Europe, but Asia-Pacific is emerging as a key growth region, driven by increasing investment activity and technological advancements. The forecast period (2025-2033) projects continued market expansion, with the CAGR potentially reaching or exceeding the estimated 10-15% range, as long-term trends favor the quantitative investment approach. However, the potential for unforeseen market events and regulatory changes necessitates ongoing monitoring and adaptation within the industry.

The quantitative investment market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing adoption of advanced analytical techniques and algorithmic trading strategies. The market's sophistication is reflected in its segmentation, encompassing various investment types (stocks, bonds, futures, options) and employing diverse strategies (trend judgment, volatility judgment). The substantial market size, estimated at $500 billion in 2025, demonstrates the significant capital allocated to these strategies. A Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12% is projected from 2025 to 2033, suggesting a market value exceeding $1.5 trillion by 2033. This growth is fueled by several factors: the availability of vast datasets, advancements in machine learning and artificial intelligence, and a growing need for efficient portfolio management in increasingly complex financial markets. Furthermore, the rise of fintech and the proliferation of high-frequency trading further accelerate market expansion. However, the quantitative investment market is not without challenges. Regulatory scrutiny, particularly regarding algorithmic trading's potential for market manipulation and systemic risk, poses a significant restraint. The high initial investment costs associated with developing and maintaining sophisticated quantitative models also present a barrier to entry for smaller firms. Despite these challenges, the long-term outlook for quantitative investment remains positive, driven by ongoing technological innovation and the inherent demand for superior risk-adjusted returns in the financial industry. The competitive landscape is dominated by established giants like Millennium Management and Bridgewater Associates alongside emerging players in Asia, indicating a globally distributed and dynamic market.

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Hedge Fund Market in US Size 2025-2029

The US hedge fund market size is forecast to increase by USD 738 billion at a CAGR of 8.1% between 2024 and 2029.

US Hedge Fund Market is experiencing significant growth due to increasing investor interest in alternative investment options. This trend is driven by the desire for higher returns and risk diversification, leading to a surge in assets under management. Furthermore, technological advancements are transforming the hedge fund industry, enabling companies to offer innovative solutions and improve operational efficiency. However, the market is not without challenges. Regulatory constraints continue to pose significant obstacles, with stringent regulations governing fund operations, investor protection, and transparency.
Compliance with these regulations requires substantial resources and expertise, presenting a significant challenge for hedge fund managers. Companies seeking to capitalize on market opportunities and navigate these challenges effectively must stay informed of regulatory developments and invest in robust compliance frameworks. Additionally, leveraging technology to streamline operations and enhance transparency can help hedge funds remain competitive and meet investor demands.

What will be the Size of the Hedge Fund Market in US during the forecast period?

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US hedge funds market activities and evolving patterns continue to unfold, shaping the industry's landscape. Hedge funds employ various strategies, such as quantitative methods, algorithmic trading, and relative value strategies, to manage risk and generate alpha. Investor relations play a crucial role in attracting and retaining capital from high-net-worth individuals, family offices, pension funds, and institutional investors. Fund of funds and multi-strategy funds offer diversification, while big data analytics and alternative data inform investment decisions. Machine learning and artificial intelligence enhance risk management and performance measurement. Regulatory compliance and transparency are essential components of hedge fund operations, ensuring liquidity and mitigating drawdowns.
Market dynamics are influenced by various factors, including hedge fund leverage, volatility, and capacity. Hedge fund managers must navigate these complexities to deliver competitive returns, employing due diligence and effective fee structures. Hedge fund distribution channels, such as conferences and sales efforts, facilitate access to new investors. The hedge fund market is a continually evolving ecosystem, where technology, regulatory requirements, and investor expectations shape the industry's future. Hedge fund liquidation and exit strategies, performance fees, and risk appetite are critical considerations for hedge fund managers and investors alike. Ultimately, the hedge fund industry's success hinges on its ability to adapt and innovate in a rapidly changing financial landscape.

How is this Hedge Fund in US Industry segmented?

The hedge fund in US industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Offshore
  Domestic
  Fund of funds


Method

  Long and short equity
  Event driven
  Global macro
  Others


End-user

  Institutional
  Individual


Fund Structure

  Small (
  Medium (USD500M-USD2B)
  Large (>USD2B)


Investor Type

  Institutional
  High-Net-Worth Individuals


Geography

  North America

    US

By Type Insights

The offshore segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The offshore segment of the hedge fund market in the US houses funds that are managed or marketed by American firms but are domiciled and operated in offshore jurisdictions. These funds, located in financial centers known for their favorable regulatory environments, tax treatment, and legal infrastructure, offer investors tax efficiency through lower or zero taxation on investment income, capital gains, and distributions. The reduced regulatory burden in offshore jurisdictions enables greater flexibility in fund operations, investment strategies, and disclosure obligations, making offshore hedge funds an appealing choice for tax-conscious investors. Portfolio construction, risk management, and hedge fund allocation strategies are crucial elements for these funds, with relative value and long-short equity strategies commonly employed.

Performance fees and management fees are the primary revenue sources for hedge fund managers, while family offices and institutional investors provide significant hedge fund capital. Regulatory compliance and due diligence are essential for investors, ensuring transparency and performance measurement. Hedge fund research, risk appetite, and investor relat

AIML hedge funds, which are hedge funds using artificial intelligence or machine learning, performed better than systematic hedge funds and all hedge funds during the second quarter 2019, but performed the worst during the other quarters of that year. During the third quarter 2019, AIML hedge funds had negative net returns of **** percent, while systematic hedge funds had negative net returns of ***** percent. However, AIML hedge funds outperform other hedge funds in the long run.

AIML hedge funds, which utilize artificial intelligence or machine learning, performed better than other hedge funds in the long run. AIML hedge funds had the lowest average return during 2019, but higher returns than the other over a ********** and ********* perspective.

The global quant fund management fee market is experiencing robust growth, projected to reach $5606.5 million in 2025. While the provided CAGR is missing, considering the significant advancements in quantitative trading strategies, the increasing adoption of AI and machine learning in fund management, and the persistent demand for sophisticated investment solutions, a conservative estimate for the CAGR over the forecast period (2025-2033) would be around 8%. This implies substantial market expansion, driven by factors such as the growing complexity of financial markets, the need for efficient portfolio management, and the increasing sophistication of quantitative trading strategies. Several key trends are shaping the market. The rise of alternative data sources, including social media sentiment and satellite imagery, is fueling the development of innovative quant strategies. Furthermore, the increasing adoption of cloud computing and high-frequency trading technologies is enhancing operational efficiency and enabling faster execution speeds. However, regulatory scrutiny and the potential for algorithmic biases pose significant challenges. The market segmentation reveals a diverse landscape, with trend-following funds and statistical arbitrage funds dominating the type segment. Direct sales currently hold a larger share in the application segment but indirect sales channels are showing considerable growth potential. Major players like Bridgewater Associates, Renaissance Technologies, and Two Sigma are driving innovation and competition within this dynamic market. Geographic expansion, particularly in rapidly developing Asian markets, presents significant opportunities for growth in the coming years.

The algorithmic trading market, valued at $11.75 billion in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, driven by several key factors. The increasing adoption of sophisticated trading strategies by investment banks, hedge funds, and even individual investors is a significant catalyst. The demand for high-frequency trading (HFT) and the need for speed and efficiency in executing large volumes of trades are further fueling market expansion. Technological advancements, including the development of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms, are enhancing the capabilities of algorithmic trading systems, enabling more complex and profitable trading strategies. Cloud-based solutions are gaining traction due to their scalability, cost-effectiveness, and accessibility, contributing to market growth. However, regulatory scrutiny, cybersecurity risks, and the potential for market manipulation represent significant challenges. The competitive landscape is characterized by established players like Virtu Financial, DRW Trading, and Optiver, alongside emerging technology providers. North America currently holds a dominant market share, but Asia-Pacific is expected to witness significant growth due to increasing technological adoption and rising investor participation. The projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 3.5% suggests a steady, albeit moderate, expansion of the market through 2033. This growth will likely be uneven across segments. While the on-premise segment might mature, the cloud-based segment is primed for faster growth, reflecting the industry-wide shift toward cloud-based infrastructure. Similarly, while investment banks and funds will remain key drivers, the increasing accessibility of algorithmic trading tools and platforms may spur more participation from personal investors. Geographical variations in growth rates are anticipated, with developing economies potentially demonstrating faster expansion rates than mature markets. To effectively navigate the competitive landscape, market players will need to focus on developing advanced technologies, robust cybersecurity measures, and compliance with evolving regulations.

Algorithmic Trading System Market Outlook

The algorithmic trading system market size was valued at approximately USD 12 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 38 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14%. This impressive growth can be attributed to technological advancements, the rising adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in trading, and the increasing need for faster and more efficient trading systems.

One of the primary growth factors for the algorithmic trading system market is the increasing demand for automated trading solutions. These systems offer significant advantages over traditional trading methods, including faster execution speeds, lower transaction costs, and the ability to process large volumes of data in real-time. This efficiency has attracted a growing number of financial institutions, hedge funds, and individual traders who aim to gain a competitive edge in the market. These benefits are further amplified by the integration of AI and ML technologies, which enable more sophisticated trading strategies and predictive analytics.

Another key driver of market growth is the regulatory push towards transparency and fairness in trading practices. Governments and financial regulatory bodies worldwide are implementing stringent regulations to prevent market manipulation and ensure the integrity of financial markets. Algorithmic trading systems, with their ability to provide detailed audit trails and enhanced compliance features, are becoming essential tools for market participants to meet these regulatory requirements. Furthermore, the rising acceptance of electronic trading platforms and the continuous evolution of trading algorithms are expanding the market's potential.

The increasing globalization of financial markets is also playing a significant role in the growth of the algorithmic trading system market. As markets become more interconnected, the need for cross-border trading and the ability to operate in multiple markets simultaneously has become crucial. Algorithmic trading systems facilitate this by providing the necessary infrastructure to execute trades across different markets and time zones efficiently. This global reach is particularly advantageous for institutional investors and large trading firms looking to diversify their portfolios and exploit arbitrage opportunities.

In addition to these growth drivers, the implementation of Trade Surveillance Systems is becoming increasingly vital in the algorithmic trading landscape. As trading activities become more complex and high-speed, the risk of market manipulation and fraudulent activities rises. Trade Surveillance Systems are designed to monitor trading activities in real-time, ensuring compliance with regulatory standards and detecting any suspicious behavior. These systems provide traders and financial institutions with the tools necessary to maintain market integrity and protect against potential violations. By integrating advanced analytics and machine learning, Trade Surveillance Systems can identify patterns and anomalies that might indicate illicit trading activities, thus safeguarding the financial ecosystem.

From a regional perspective, North America is expected to dominate the algorithmic trading system market due to the presence of major financial hubs such as New York and Chicago, coupled with the high adoption rate of advanced trading technologies. The Asia Pacific region is also anticipated to witness substantial growth, driven by the rapid development of financial markets in countries like China, India, and Japan. The increasing participation of retail investors and the growing popularity of electronic trading platforms in these regions are further propelling market expansion.

Component Analysis

The algorithmic trading system market can be segmented by components into software, hardware, and services. Software is a critical component as it forms the backbone of algorithmic trading, enabling the creation, backtesting, and execution of trading strategies. Advanced trading software incorporates AI and ML capabilities, allowing for more sophisticated and predictive trading strategies. This software is continually evolving, with new features such as real-time data analysis, enhanced security measures, and improved user interfaces being added to meet the demands of modern traders.

Hardware is another essential component of the algor

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Replication files to ``Machine Learning and Fund Characteristics Help to Select Mutual Funds with Positive Alpha'' %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Each folder contains files to replicate one table or figure of the paper. The folders also contain a readme file to help users to run the codes. The replication_file.tex file generates a PDF file with the replicated tables and figures.

Notice that the replicated tables and figures are not always identical to those reported in the paper. The reason is that in order to protect the proprietary nature of the data, in some cases we have added noise to mutual fund characteristics and returns; see the README file for details.

The data files that are required to run the codes are stored in the /data_sets/ folder. Some tables and figures require the output from the codes stored in folders /code_for_ML_methods/ , /code_for_AW_method/ and /code_for_EW_method/. It is recommended to run the codes in those folders before running the codes that generate tables and figures.

We include a file in both tex and pdf formats containing the full set of results.

UK Hedge Funds Market size was valued to be USD 10.29 Billion in the year 2024, and it is expected to reach USD 20.19 Billion in 2032, at a CAGR of 6.8% from 2026 to 2032.Hedge funds are pooled investment funds that use a variety of tactics to produce large returns, including leverage, short selling, derivatives and arbitrage. They mostly serve institutional investors and high-net-worth individuals. A hedge fund's managers use advanced strategies to manage a range of market circumstances with the aim of maximizing profits while avoiding risks.Hedge funds give investors flexibility and diversification by investing in stocks, commodities, real estate, currencies and other assets. Hedge funds are rapidly incorporating cutting-edge technology like artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to improve efficiency and decision-making as financial markets change.