Heico return on investment for the quarter ending April 30, 2025 was 9.93. Heico average return on investment for 2024 was 8.54, a 23.34% increase from 2023. Heico average return on investment for 2023 was 11.14, a 12.63% decline from 2022. Heico average return on investment for 2022 was 12.75, a 24.51% decline from 2021. Roi - return on investment can be defined as an indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its assets invested by shareholders and long-term bond holders. Calculated by dividing a company's operating earnings by its long-term debt and shareholders equity.

This statistic displays the share of ROI and ROE of the Italian fashion companies in Italy in 2014, broken down by macro groups. The share of the ROI in 2014 for Top15Moda Italia fashion companies was of **** percent.

Descriptive statistics for daily returns.

Return-On-Total-Capital Time Series for Independence Realty Trust Inc. Independence Realty Trust, Inc. (NYSE: IRT) is a real estate investment trust that owns and operates multifamily communities, across non-gateway U.S. markets including Atlanta, GA, Dallas, TX, Denver, CO, Columbus, OH, Indianapolis, IN, Raleigh-Durham, NC, Oklahoma City, OK, Nashville, TN, Houston, TX, and Tampa, FL. IRT's investment strategy is focused on gaining scale near major employment centers within key amenity rich submarkets that offer good school districts and high-quality retail. IRT aims to provide stockholders attractive risk-adjusted returns through diligent portfolio management, strong operational performance, and a consistent return on capital through distributions and capital appreciation.

Total-Stockholder-Equity Time Series for Icahn Enterprises LP. Icahn Enterprises L.P., through its subsidiaries engages in the investment, energy, automotive, food packaging, real estate, home fashion and pharma in the United States and internationally. The Investment segment invests its proprietary capital through various private investment funds; and it provides investment advisory, administrative, and back-office services to the investment funds. The Energy segment engages in refining and marketing of petroleum in the form of gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and distillates; renewable fuels refine renewable feedstocks, such as soybean oil, corn oil, and other related renewable feedstocks into renewable diesel and markets renewable products; and nitrogen fertilizer produces and markets nitrogen fertilizers in the form of urea ammonium nitrate and ammonia. The Automotive segment engages in repair and maintenance of automotive; sale of installed parts or materials related to automotive services; and sale of automotive aftermarket parts and retailed merchandise. The Food Packaging segment produces and sells cellulosic, fibrous, and plastic casings used to prepare and package processed meat products. The Real Estate segment consists of investment properties, including land, retail, office, and industrial properties; and development and sale of single-family homes; and the operations of a resort and two country clubs. The Home Fashion segment manufactures, sources, markets, distributes, and sells home fashion consumer products. The Pharma segment offers pharmaceutical products and services; and develops approved therapies and product candidates. Icahn Enterprises L.P. was incorporated in 1987 and is headquartered in Sunny Isles Beach, Florida.

Investments Time Series for Zynex Inc. Zynex, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, designs, manufactures, and markets medical devices to treat chronic and acute pain, and activate and exercise muscles for rehabilitative purposes with electrical stimulation. The company offers NexWave, a dual channel, multi-modality interferential current, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) device that is marketed to physicians and therapists by field sales representatives; NeuroMove, an electromyography and electric stimulation technology device; InWave, an electrical stimulation product for the treatment of female urinary incontinence; E-Wave, an NMES device; and M-Wave, an NMES device. It also supplies private labeled products, including electrodes for the delivery of electrical current to the body; and batteries for use in electrotherapy products. In addition, the company distributes Comfortrac/Saunders for cervical traction, JetStream for hot/cold therapy, LSO Back Braces for lumbar support, braces for rehabilitation support for knee and wrist, and Dynacomp for cold compression therapy. Further, it develops Zynex Fluid Monitoring System (CM-1500); Zynex Wireless Fluid Monitoring System (CM-1600), a noninvasive monitoring device designed to measure relative changes in fluid volume in adult patients; NiCO CO-Oximeter, a laser photoplethysmographic patient monitoring device; and HemeOx tHb Oximeter, a laser-based total hemoglobin pulse oximeter. The company provides its products for use in pain management and control; stroke and spinal cord injury rehabilitation; and fluid monitoring and pulse oximetry monitoring. It sells its products through direct sales force primarily in the United States. Zynex, Inc. was founded in 1996 and is headquartered in Englewood, Colorado.

Correlation coefficients between macro-economic variables.

Subsovereign Finance as Discipline: A Critical Macro-Finance Perspective on U.S. Territorial Markets

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15566317
Resource Type: Dataset
Publication Date: 2025-05-31
Author: Anon
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Copyright: © 2025 The Authors
Programming Language: Python
Repository Status: Active, replicable
Publisher: Zenodo
Version: 1.0

Description

This dataset and code repository support the macro-financial empirical study: Illiquidity Without Democracy, which analyzes the UBS Puerto Rico bond fund crisis through a critical macro-finance lens. By compiling liquidity and return data from the full Dow 30 alongside Puerto Rican financial equities, the project investigates how symbolic liquidity withdrawal operates as an instrument of financial subjugation in colonially governed markets.

The uploaded materials include:

• 35 Excel files containing firm-level trading data (Dow 30 and PR equities)

• A Python script (cmf_analysis.py) implementing Amihud illiquidity and Fama–MacBeth regressions

• A README.md file with detailed reproducibility instructions

Grounded in Bonizzi et al. (2022), this work contributes to the theory of financialized colonialism, where credit ratings, liquidity signals, and bond pricing are not merely technical indicators—but expressions of asymmetrical power. Our analysis empirically substantiates that liquidity constraints for Puerto Rican firms intensified during key institutional moments, revealing systemic exclusion embedded in neoliberal financial governance.

This study is grounded in Critical Macro-Finance (CMF), which we conceptualize as an extension of Jensen and Meckling’s Agency Theory. In its original formulation, Agency Theory views the firm as a nexus of contracts—a legal and economic structure shaped by negotiated relationships among stakeholders, each with divergent incentives. CMF builds on this foundation by embedding those contractual relationships within broader institutional and political-economic contexts.

Whereas traditional agency models emphasize micro-level incentive alignment, CMF expands the analytic frame to include systemic asymmetries in power, information, and legal infrastructure—especially in fragile or postcolonial states. From this perspective, contracts are not formed in a vacuum but are shaped by historical legal origins, regulatory capture, financial hierarchy, and global capital flows. Thus, CMF repositions the firm not only as a nexus of contracts but also as a node in a stratified macro-financial system where access to capital, enforceability of rights, and institutional trust are unequally distributed.

This theoretical orientation allows us to interrogate how formal governance structures conceal deeper distortions in financial inclusion, enforcement asymmetries, and systemic risk transmission, particularly in contexts where legal institutions fail to uphold equitable contracting environments.

Keywords

• Financialized colonialism

• Critical macro-finance

• Market microstructure

• Illiquidity

• Fama–MacBeth regression

• Puerto Rico debt crisis

• UBS bond fund

• Neoliberalism

• Event study

• Dow 30

• Amihud illiquidity

This study examines the information flow between convertible bonds (CBs) and other investment assets, such as stocks and bonds. In particular, we employ transfer entropy (TE) as a proxy for the causal effect between the two assets considering that one of the most widely used methods, Granger causality, requires strict assumptions. When adopting TE, we find that asymmetric information flow arising between assets depends on macroeconomic phases. The stock and bond markets affected the CB market prior to and during the global financial crisis, respectively. In the post-crisis period, we find no meaningful information exchange between CBs and other investment assets concerning their return series. However, we observe a significant cause–effect relationship between CBs and stocks in the rise–fall patterns of their price series. The findings suggest that the appearance of one-directional information flow depends on macroeconomic conditions and the level of data, for example, return series or price fluctuations. Accordingly, investors could exploit this pattern predictability in their portfolio management. In addition, policymakers must closely monitor the information flow among the three markets. When any two markets exchange information in a state of strong market integration, unbalanced regulation between them could lead to market distortions and regulatory arbitrage.

Subsovereign Finance as Discipline: A Critical Macro-Finance Perspective on U.S. Territorial Markets

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15566317
Resource Type: Dataset
Publication Date: 2025-05-31
Author: Anon
License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Copyright: © 2025 The Authors
Programming Language: Python
Repository Status: Active, replicable
Publisher: Zenodo
Version: 1.0

Description

This dataset and code repository support the macro-financial empirical study: Illiquidity Without Democracy, which analyzes the UBS Puerto Rico bond fund crisis through a critical macro-finance lens. By compiling liquidity and return data from the full Dow 30 alongside Puerto Rican financial equities, the project investigates how symbolic liquidity withdrawal operates as an instrument of financial subjugation in colonially governed markets.

The uploaded materials include:

• 35 Excel files containing firm-level trading data (Dow 30 and PR equities)

• A Python script (cmf.py) implementing Amihud illiquidity and Fama–MacBeth regressions

• A README.md file with detailed reproducibility instructions

Grounded in Bonizzi et al. (2022), this work contributes to the theory of financialized colonialism, where credit ratings, liquidity signals, and bond pricing are not merely technical indicators—but expressions of asymmetrical power. Our analysis empirically substantiates that liquidity constraints for Puerto Rican firms intensified during key institutional moments, revealing systemic exclusion embedded in neoliberal financial governance.

This study is grounded in Critical Macro-Finance (CMF), which we conceptualize as an extension of Jensen and Meckling’s Agency Theory. In its original formulation, Agency Theory views the firm as a nexus of contracts—a legal and economic structure shaped by negotiated relationships among stakeholders, each with divergent incentives. CMF builds on this foundation by embedding those contractual relationships within broader institutional and political-economic contexts.

Whereas traditional agency models emphasize micro-level incentive alignment, CMF expands the analytic frame to include systemic asymmetries in power, information, and legal infrastructure—especially in fragile or postcolonial states. From this perspective, contracts are not formed in a vacuum but are shaped by historical legal origins, regulatory capture, financial hierarchy, and global capital flows. Thus, CMF repositions the firm not only as a nexus of contracts but also as a node in a stratified macro-financial system where access to capital, enforceability of rights, and institutional trust are unequally distributed.

This theoretical orientation allows us to interrogate how formal governance structures conceal deeper distortions in financial inclusion, enforcement asymmetries, and systemic risk transmission, particularly in contexts where legal institutions fail to uphold equitable contracting environments.

Keywords

• Financialized colonialism

• Critical macro-finance

• Market microstructure

• Illiquidity

• Fama–MacBeth regression

• Puerto Rico debt crisis

• UBS bond fund

• Neoliberalism

• Event study

• Dow 30

• Amihud illiquidity

End-Period-Cash-Flow Time Series for Caledonia Investments. Caledonia Investments plc is a self-managed investment trust company. It invests in private and public equity markets across the globe. The firm benchmarks the performance of its portfolios against the FTSE All-Share Total Return Index. Caledonia Investments plc was founded in 1928 and is based in London, United Kingdom.

Graph and download economic data for Money Market Funds; Total Financial Assets, Level (MMMFFAQ027S) from Q4 1945 to Q1 2025 about MMMF, IMA, financial, assets, and USA.

Total-Current-Liabilities Time Series for Caledonia Investments. Caledonia Investments plc is a self-managed investment trust company. It invests in private and public equity markets across the globe. The firm benchmarks the performance of its portfolios against the FTSE All-Share Total Return Index. Caledonia Investments plc was founded in 1928 and is based in London, United Kingdom.

The latest closing stock price for Exxon as of June 27, 2025 is 109.38. An investor who bought $1,000 worth of Exxon stock at the IPO in 1984 would have $41,833 today, roughly 42 times their original investment - a 9.60% compound annual growth rate over 41 years. The all-time high Exxon stock closing price was 122.12 on October 07, 2024. The Exxon 52-week high stock price is 126.34, which is 15.5% above the current share price. The Exxon 52-week low stock price is 97.80, which is 10.6% below the current share price. The average Exxon stock price for the last 52 weeks is 112.58. For more information on how our historical price data is adjusted see the Stock Price Adjustment Guide.

The fashion influencer marketing industry is experiencing explosive growth, driven by the increasing reliance of brands on authentic content creation and the ever-expanding reach of social media platforms. While precise figures for market size aren't provided, a logical estimate, considering the substantial investments by major fashion houses and the pervasive nature of influencer campaigns, places the 2025 market value at approximately $5 billion. This substantial figure reflects the industry's maturation beyond simple product placement, encompassing diverse strategies like sponsored posts, affiliate marketing, brand ambassador programs, and the creation of bespoke influencer-driven content series. The strong adoption of short-form video content on platforms like TikTok and Instagram Reels is a key driver, providing engaging and easily consumable formats that resonate deeply with younger demographics. Further fueling the market is the rising sophistication of influencer marketing technologies, enabling brands to more effectively identify, collaborate with, and measure the impact of their influencer campaigns. The increasing demand for transparency and authenticity from consumers also pushes brands towards influencer marketing, as it facilitates genuine engagement and trust. Growth projections suggest a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of around 15% over the next decade, leading to a significant market expansion by 2033. This growth is expected to be fueled by continued technological advancements, evolving consumer behavior, and the emergence of new platforms for influencer marketing. Segmentation within the market showcases a varied landscape. The dominance of micro- and nano-influencers is likely increasing as brands seek more targeted campaigns and cost-effective strategies, while mega-influencers still retain significant value for broad brand awareness initiatives. Geographic distribution sees North America and Europe maintaining a significant market share, reflecting the established presence of fashion brands and influencer networks, while Asia-Pacific is anticipated to exhibit rapid growth driven by rising disposable incomes and increasing social media penetration. The key restraints to growth include the challenges of fraud detection, ensuring authenticity, and accurately measuring return on investment, requiring brands to implement sophisticated measurement and verification processes.

Out-of-sample performances of portfolios with T = 3 m.

Return-On-Total-Capital Time Series for Banco da Amazônia S.A. Banco da Amazônia S.A. provides banking products and services in the Amazon region of Brazil. The company offers savings, current, simplified, and salary accounts; credit cards; capitalization products; various personal and business loans; pension plans; investment funds, bank deposit certificates and deposit receipts, and agribusiness letter of credit; insurance products; and direct debit and online financial services. It also provides financing programs for family farming, machines and equipment, rural and biodiversity activities, trucks, green energy, green business and infrastructure, and rural and non-rural investments, as well as science, technology, and innovation activities; development and merchant marine fund; working capital; foreign trade; and legal entity savings, billing, card advance, business check, automatic debit, cellular messaging, and banking domicile services. Banco da Amazônia S.A. was founded in 1942 and is headquartered in Belém, Brazil.

The global 5G Macro Base Station market is experiencing robust growth, projected to reach $20,820 million by 2025, expanding at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.7% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is fueled by several key drivers. The increasing adoption of 5G technology across various sectors, including smart homes, autonomous driving, smart cities, industrial IoT, and smart farming, is creating a substantial demand for macro base stations. Furthermore, continuous technological advancements leading to improved network capacity, coverage, and speed, are further stimulating market expansion. Stringent government regulations and initiatives promoting 5G infrastructure deployment across various regions also contribute significantly to this growth. While the market faces challenges such as high initial investment costs for infrastructure development and potential interoperability issues between different vendor technologies, the long-term benefits and potential for significant return on investment are outweighing these limitations. The market segmentation reveals a diverse landscape. The BBU (Baseband Unit) and AAU (Active Antenna Unit) segments are key components driving overall market growth, with their specific requirements and technological innovations continuously shaping the industry. Geographically, North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific are expected to dominate the market, owing to their early adoption of 5G technology and well-established telecommunications infrastructure. Leading players such as Huawei, Ericsson, Nokia, ZTE, and Samsung are fiercely competing, driving innovation and price competitiveness, further fueling market expansion. The forecast period (2025-2033) presents significant opportunities for market participants, particularly those focusing on technological advancements, cost optimization, and expansion into emerging markets. This report provides an in-depth analysis of the global 5G Macro Base Station market, projecting significant growth and evolution. We delve into market concentration, key trends, dominant segments, and the competitive landscape, offering valuable insights for stakeholders across the telecom, technology, and investment sectors.

Index Time Series for iShares $ Corp Bond UCITS ETF USD (Dist) USD. The frequency of the observation is daily. Moving average series are also typically included. The investment objective of this Fund is to provide investors with a total return, taking into account both capital and income returns, which reflects the total return of the Markit iBoxx USD Liquid Investment Grade Index. In order to achieve this investment objective, the investment policy of the Fund is to invest in a portfolio of fixed income securities that as far as possible and practicable consist of the component securities of the Markit iBoxx USD Liquid Investment Grade Index, this Fund"s Benchmark Index.

Common-Stock-Shares-Outstanding Time Series for Caledonia Investments. Caledonia Investments plc is a self-managed investment trust company. It invests in private and public equity markets across the globe. The firm benchmarks the performance of its portfolios against the FTSE All-Share Total Return Index. Caledonia Investments plc was founded in 1928 and is based in London, United Kingdom.