The largest city in Finland is Helsinki with 684,018 inhabitants. Helsinki is the capital of Finland, and it is located in the south within the Uusimaa region. In 2024, the second largest city was Espoo, a city located in the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area, which had approximately 320,900 inhabitants. After the cities of Helsinki and Espoo, the third largest and most populous city outside the capital region was Tampere, with roughly 280,200 inhabitants. The Finnish population is highly concentrated in southern Finland The total population of Finland is roughly 5.64 million. Finland is one of the most sparsely populated countries in Europe, and the population is highly concentrated in the southern and southwestern parts of the country. Since 1915 the population of Finland grew steadily from 3.1 million to more than 5.64 million inhabitants. But the upwards trend slowed down in recent years. The median age of the Finnish population is rising While the population growth slowed down the Finnish population also got older. The media age increased from 38.4 years in 2000 to 43 years in 2024. The estimated median age for the Finnish population in 2035 was 45.3 years.

Population in largest city in Finland was reported at 1346810 in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Finland - Population in largest city - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on October of 2025.

Finland FI: Population in Largest City data was reported at 1,259,875.000 Person in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 1,240,942.000 Person for 2016. Finland FI: Population in Largest City data is updated yearly, averaging 820,866.000 Person from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,259,875.000 Person in 2017 and a record low of 448,192.000 Person in 1960. Finland FI: Population in Largest City data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Population in largest city is the urban population living in the country's largest metropolitan area.; ; United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects.; ;

The most populous area in Finland is the capital region of Uusimaa, with almost 1.8 million inhabitants as of 2024. Almost one third of the 5.64 million population lived in the capital city and the surrounding Greater Helsinki area. The second-largest region in terms of population was Pirkanmaa, inhabited by 545,406 people. Three out of the ten largest cities located in Uusimaa The Uusimaa region also has Finland's highest population density with roughly 195.7 inhabitants per square kilometer. Pirkanmaa's population density is only 41.2 inhabitants per square meter. Out of the 10 largest cities in the country, three are located in the Uusimaa region, including the capital city Helsinki. Changing population structure The population of Finland is expected to grow in the following decade, reaching 6.18 million in 2050. However, the population is aging rapidly, as the number of inhabitants aged 75 years and older continues to increase in the future. At the same time, the population aged 14 and younger is estimated to constantly decline.

Population in the largest city (% of urban population) in Finland was reported at 27.82 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Finland - Population in the largest city - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on October of 2025.

Finland FI: Population in Largest City: as % of Urban Population data was reported at 26.791 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 26.481 % for 2016. Finland FI: Population in Largest City: as % of Urban Population data is updated yearly, averaging 21.142 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 26.791 % in 2017 and a record low of 17.233 % in 1969. Finland FI: Population in Largest City: as % of Urban Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Population in largest city is the percentage of a country's urban population living in that country's largest metropolitan area.; ; United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects.; Weighted average;

The number of children in early childhood education and care by age group and type of care since 2002, the attendance days of municipal day care centres from 2005 onwards and the number of employees since 2008, and the cost of the early childhood education system from 2009 in the six largest cities in Finland.

The reviews of early childhood education and care monitor the use and costs of early childhood education and care provided by municipalities and municipalities as outsourced services, private care support and service vouchers, as well as the use and costs of child home care support. The review also includes pre-primary education in accordance with the Basic Education Act and open early childhood education activities in accordance with the Act on Early Childhood Education.

The sixth cities are made up of the six most populous cities in Finland. The six cities in the order of the population include Helsinki, Espoo, Tampere, Vantaa, Turku and Oulu. The six working groups compare the social and health services of cities and early childhood education and care services. Data on customer numbers, performances, personnel and costs are mainly compiled from municipalities’ own information systems and financial statements. City experts agree on as uniform definitions as possible for data collection and implement the data collection in practice.

Income support from the six largest cities since 2005.

Social assistance covers both customers (households and persons) and costs. Since the need for social assistance and unemployment are interlinked, the reports also examine the employment situation at the end of each year. The report on social assistance has been created in cooperation with the expert working group on adult social work in the six largest cities.

Income support has been included in comparisons since the beginning of Kuusikko work. The operations started between three cities in the Helsinki metropolitan area already in 1994, when the first comparison of the number of customers and costs of social assistance was carried out on the basis of 1993 data. The first five cities’ income support report was compiled from 1995 when Turku and Tampere joined the work. The actual Kuusikko was reached in 2005, when Oulu also participated in the comparisons of income support.

The sixth cities are made up of the six most populous cities in Finland. The six cities in the order of the population include Helsinki, Espoo, Tampere, Vantaa, Turku and Oulu. The six working groups compare the social and health services of cities and early childhood education and care services. Data on customer numbers, performances, personnel and costs are mainly compiled from municipalities’ own information systems and financial statements. City experts agree on as uniform definitions as possible for data collection and implement the data collection in practice.

In 2023, around ******** people visited the Lux Helsinki festival. The festival displays a wide array of light artworks by national and international artists. According to the data from Finland Festivals, the second largest festival wasthe Kotka Maritime festival. The festival program offers a mix of music, sports and family events. All the events are organized in the maritime city Kotka, close to Helsinki. In the same year, roughly ******* people visited Pori Jazz, making it the third largest festival in Finland.

This repository contains data described in the article "Data on different types of green spaces and their accessibility in the seven largest urban regions in Finland". More details of the data are available in the upcoming data description article (manuscript can be found in this repository).

Abstract: Access to good quality green spaces in urban regions is vital for the well-being of citizens. In this article, we present data on green space quality and path distances to different types of green spaces. The path distances represent green space accessibility using active travel modes (walking, cycling). The path distances were calculated using the pedestrian street network across the seven largest urban regions in Finland. We derived the green space typology from the Urban Atlas Data that is available across functional urban areas in Europe and enhanced it with national data on water bodies, conservation areas and recreational facilities and routes from Finland. We extracted the walkable street network from OpenStreetMap and calculated shortest paths to different types of green spaces using open-source Python programming tools. Network distances were calculated up to ten kilometers from each green space edge and the distances were aggregated into a 250 m x 250 m statistical grid that is interoperable with various statistical data from Finland. The geospatial data files representing the different types of green spaces, network distances across the seven urban regions, as well as the processing and analysis scripts are shared in an open repository. These data offer actionable information about green space accessibility in Finnish city regions and support the integration of green space quality and active travel modes into further research and planning activities.

Related research article:

Viinikka, A., Tiitu, M., Heikinheimo, V., Halonen, J. I., Nyberg, E., & Vierikko, K. (2023). Associations of neighborhood-level socioeconomic status, accessibility, and quality of green spaces in Finnish urban regions. Applied Geography, 157, 102973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2023.102973

These recommendations are intended as a general policy to be applied alongside the strategic policies, principles and guidelines that often guide ICT and service development in cities. From a technological and service-oriented standpoint, the significance of APis is, mostly due to accelerating digitalisation, increasing at such a pace that a need has emerged for a document that describes the importance of APIs and the goals related to them from the perspective of the cities.

This document presents the consolidated view of the Six largest cities in Finland on how to develop open APIs through inter-city cooperation. The Six cities are Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa, Tampere, Turku and Oulu.

In 2021, 98 percent of the Finnish households in the capital region had an internet connection. The corresponding figure for households in other large cities was 91 percent, and for households in rural areas 88 percent.

FI：最大城市人口在12-01-2017达1,259,875.000人，相较于12-01-2016的1,240,942.000人有所增长。FI：最大城市人口数据按年更新，12-01-1960至12-01-2017期间平均值为820,866.000人，共58份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于12-01-2017，达1,259,875.000人，而历史最低值则出现于12-01-1960，为448,192.000人。CEIC提供的FI：最大城市人口数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于World Bank，数据归类于Global Database的芬兰 – 表 FI.世界银行：人口和城市化进程统计。

The data addresses the dynamics of coexistence and conflict in increasingly diverse cities from a human-centred perspective. It was collected as part of the EU-funded project Coexistence and Conflict in the Age of Complexity (EmergentCommunity) in nine European cities in Finland, France, and Sweden. The dataset comprises of two parts: EmergentCommunityEthno (qualitative data) and EmergentCommunityVR (quantitative and qualitative data) that were collected during the project. In addition to these, desk research was conducted and these files have been included in the metadata description.

EmergentCommunityEthno (dataset 1):

Across the nine cities, participants consisted of people above 15-years of age, living in the studied urban neighbourhoods or using their public spaces. In Finland, data were collected in the neighbourhoods of Peltolammi and Multisilta in Tampere, in Malmi in Helsinki, and in Martti and Paavola in Hyvinkää. In Tampere, part of the data (n=31 interviews) was collected in collaboration with the EKOS research project (this part of the data is described and archived in the Finnish Social Science Data Archive, DoI: https://doi.org/10.60686/t-fsd3816). The second part of the data was collected in Sweden. The data collection sites there were the neighborhoods of Möllevången and Nydala in Malmö, Farsta and Rågsved in Stockholm, and Fröslunda and Årby in Eskilstuna. The French data were collected in the La Plaine area in Marseille; in La-Chapelle-Saint-Luc, Saint-Andre-Les-Vergers and Les Chartreux in Troyes; and in Guillotière in Lyon.

Across these sites shared methods were used in data collection, consisting of thematic interviews, walking interviews, and observations. The dataset emphasizes the diversity of experiences and the manifestations of distinctions in diverse urban environments and examines the ways in which people form bonds in relation to each other, their neighborhoods, and the broader society.

The first set of participants were located through social media groups (Facebook), from the premises of associations organizing community activities in the areas, libraries, cafes, community events, and youth centers. After this, snowball sampling was used, in addition to which targeted recruitment was applied if a population group represented in the area was completely missing from the dataset. Ethnographic observations were conducted in public spaces, community centres, cafés, stations, and shopping centres that were selected as potentially interesting places based on extant scholarship on living with difference and urban encounters. Here, attention was paid at how people used these sites, who were there and who were absent, as well as how people moved in and across the sites. Notes were made of what kinds of encounters, patterns of behaviour, cooperations, and conflicts occurred. These observations were made at various times of the day, to capture potential temporal changes. This resulted in a rich collection of fieldnotes, sketches, photographs, and movement maps.

Relevant files: 1) EmergentCommunity ethnographic matrix.pdf, 2) EmergentCommunityEthno interview questions.docx, 3) EmergentCommunity_metadata public.xlsx (contains all metadata from the project), 4) EmergentCommunityEthno_metadata.csv (contains metadata only on desk research, ethnographic interviews and fieldnotes).

EmergentCommunityVR (dataset 2):

Data collection was conducted in Helsinki, Marseille, and Malmö. The data was collected using 360-degree videos based on the aforementioned ethnographic data as stimuli to which participants were exposed. A separate video was created for each city, using specifically the data collected therein. We put together a mobile laboratory set-up that travelled to each city and collaborated with local NGOs whose premises were used as our laboratory space. The equipment and software used are explained in the document "EmergentCommunity mobile laboratory.pdf".

The inclusion criteria for participation were: being a major, healthy, not having hearing or vision impairments, being a resident in the city that the video depicted, and knowledge of the local language in which the video was executed. During the viewing of the video stimulus, participants' physiological responses were measured and their eye movements were tracked. VR eye tracking was used as it enables the precise analysis of gaze behaviour – such as fixations and saccades – within immersive, ecologically valid environments. Regarding physiological signals, the focus was on the electrical activity of the heart using electrocardiography (ECG), the electrical activity of the facial muscles using facial electromyography (fEMG), and the electrical conductivity of the skin using galvanic skin response (GSR). To complement the physiological data, a multimodal setup was established to assess the affective content of the stimulus in terms of arousal/valence, avoidance/approach, and unpredictability. After viewing, the participants were asked to evaluate the intensity of their emotional experience and to name the emotional reactions elicited by the video using a questionnaire carried out with Gorilla Experiment Builder. The questionnaire also contained background questions, from basic participant information, such as age and gender, to aspects that relate to diversity and inequality in contemporary societies: language, income, housing, education, political activity, participation, as well as political opinions and social values. After completing the measurements and the questionnaire, participants were interviewed about their experience and the thoughts it provoked, and they were asked to share information regarding their daily lives.

The purpose of the dataset was to help understand the formation of emotional experiences and the significance and functioning of emotions in the everyday life of increasingly diverse and unequal cities. The call for participation was distributed in several thematic Facebook groups (related to e.g., urban development, multiculturalism, neighborhood, local NGOs and minority communities) and via Instagram, as well as through flyers/posters in libraries, local associations, shopping centers, cafes, and on the project's Facebook page and Instagram profile. In the case of Marseille and Malmö, local assistants were used to spread the invitation within their networks and distribute participation invitation leaflets on the streets. In each city, it was possible for already registered participants to invite additional participants as well. Overall, the goal was to ensure the representativeness of the data in terms of age, gender, and minority status.

Relevant files: 1) EmergentCommunity video stimuli.pdf, 2) EmergentCommunityVR interview questions.pdf, 3) EmergentCommunityVR Gorilla questionnaires.pdf, 4) EmergentCommunity mobile laboratory.pdf, 5) EmergentCommunity_metadata public.xlsx (contains all metadata from the project), 6) EmergentCommunityVR interviews.csv (contains metadata on interviews done after watching the 360-degree video), 7) EmergentCommunityVR physio.csv (contains metadata on physiological measuring and questionnaires).

Purpose of the data

The EmergentCommunity project aimed at producing knowledge about what community means and how it is formed in increasingly diverse societies, as well as the conflicts and tensions that everyday life brings out. The project empirically examined the concrete challenges that societal changes produce for cities and coexistence. The aim was to identify how peaceful coexistence could be supported and population relations promoted in urban everyday life. The project emphasized that community relations and everyday coexistence are affective, social, and spatial phenomena, which is why a wide range of research methods from ethnography and observation to psychophysiological measurements and interviews were applied. These approaches were brought into dialogue through virtual reality by utilizing ethnography-based 360-degree videos depicting everyday life in the latter part of the project (EmergentCommunityVR). Thus, the project created new understanding of emotions formed in everyday life and produced unique knowledge in the fields of psychological and sociological emotion research. Bringing these areas together enabled a critical examination of the concept of community and the identification of the practices and ways in which communities are produced in the everyday life of diverse and unequal cities (see CORDIS database for public description, results, and reporting).

Throughout the data collection, the research focused on everyday life and the forms, practices, and interpretations of everyday coexistence in public urban spaces in the selected research neighbourhoods. Participants were also asked to share their experiences, interpretations, and views on societal change and how the change has been visible in their own neighborhoods and what thoughts and feelings it evokes in them. The data was formed through non-probability sampling (self-formed sample).

The research sites were selected by examining statistics, policy reports, and available data on demographic changes and diversity, income inequality, trends of residential and ethnic segregation in different countries and cities (desk research). We chose the countries and cities so that they would complement each other and that changes were observable in each selected context, although their forms, emphases, and manifestations might vary. After this extensive background review, we focused on the city level, complementing the available

Data description:

This data is collected as part of the Urban Happiness project and includes the following datasets: Home locations, everyday errand points, Helsinki experience points, and Espoo experience points.

Who collected (person/organization):

The dataset is collected in department of Built Environment, Aalto University, Finland, in Prof. Marketta Kyttä’s research team.

Funding: The research was financed by the National Technology Agency of Finland. In addition, the cities of Espoo, Helsinki, and Turku, Ministry of the Environment, the Finnish Transport Agency, FCG Planeko Ltd, and Skanska Ltd helped to finance the project.

when collected the data:

Data is collected in 2009

Data characteristics:

Age range: Data is collected from individuals aged 15-65

Geographical area: The data is collected from Helsinki and Espoo

Spatial reference: ETRS89_TM35FIN_E_N

Data quality:

Tools and methods: The data was collected using the Maptionnaire tool (maptionnaire.com) (aka. SoftGIS) from a randomly collected sample of 15982 individuals.

Link to survey (if applicable): NA

Anonymization: The home locations are spatially anonymized using a customized Gaussian perturbation algorithm developed by the research team. Largest displacements were typically applied in the least dense areas. Sensitive data and attributes are removed.

Other points have been also randomly anonymized to a lesser extent.

In 2023, 90 percent of internet users in Finland had used online banking services within the last three months. 94 percent of people in the capital region, and 93 percent of people in large cities used online banking services. The corresponding share in rural municipalities was 85 percent that year.

With more than 737 thousand vehicles, the region of Uusimaa in the south of Finland had the largest amount of registered passenger cars in the country. This was a margin of nearly 477 thousand vehicles to the region with the second highest number of registered passenger cars, Pirkanmaa (approximately 260 thousand cars).

Car density per one inhabitant amounted to less in Uusimaa than in the Pirkanmaa region Uusimaa, the region where the capital city of Helsinki is located, was also the region with the largest population in the country. With 1.7 million inhabitants in 2021, this meant that one car was possessed per roughly 0.42 persons. In comparison, Pirkanmaa with a population of 527 thousand had one car per 0.49 persons, which meant that a car was owned by approximately every other person in that region.

Toyota leading new passenger car registrations in 2020 In the region of Uusimaa, the most popular passenger car brand in 2018 was the Japanese automotive manufacturer Toyota, followed by Volkswagen and Škoda. In 2021, Toyota was also the leading passenger car brand in the whole country when it comes to registrations of new passenger cars, with roughly 14 thousand new cars.

Finland's house prices grew by about **** percent in 2021, but according to the forecast the growth is expected to slow down in the following years. In 2023, the average house price is forecast to decrease by **** percent and in 2024, the trend is to reverse, with an annual growth of ***** percent. The average square meter price of apartments in Finland's largest cities ranged between ***** euros and ***** euros in 2022.

From January to July 2022, roughly 1.95 million overnight stays were recorded in Helsinki, the capital city of Finland. Domestic travelers spent 1.18 million bed nights in Helsinki, whereas travelers from abroad spent 767 thousand bed nights. Visitors from Germany were the largest group, with over 99 thousand bed nights, followed by visitors from the United States with 78 thousand bed nights.

In 2023, the one of the largest Finnish retail chains S Group had ***** grocery stores in total. There were ** Prisma hypermarkets, *** S-markets, and *** Alepa + Sale stores in Finland. The S Group is a Finnish retailing co-operative headquartered in Helsinki. The group consists of independent regional cooperatives and SOK Corporation, which is owned by the cooperatives, and its subsidiaries. Grocery stores belonging to the S Group include hypermarkets, larger supermarkets, and smaller local supermarkets located in residential areas of larger cities or at service stations.