100+ datasets found
  1. Largest urban agglomerations in the UK in 2025

    • statista.com
    Updated Nov 28, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Largest urban agglomerations in the UK in 2025 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/294645/population-of-selected-cities-in-united-kingdom-uk/
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    Dataset updated
    Nov 28, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    2019
    Area covered
    United Kingdom
    Description

    London was by far the largest urban agglomeration in the United Kingdom in 2025, with an estimated population of *** million people, more than three times as large as Manchester, the UK’s second-biggest urban agglomeration. The agglomerations of Birmingham and Leeds / Bradford had the third and fourth-largest populations, respectively, while the biggest city in Scotland, Glasgow, was the fifth largest. Largest cities in Europe Two cities in Europe had larger urban areas than London, with Istanbul having a population of around **** million and the Russian capital Moscow having a population of over **** million. The city of Paris, located just over 200 miles away from London, was the second-largest city in Europe, with a population of more than **** million people. Paris was followed by London in terms of population size, and then by the Spanish cities of Madrid and Barcelona, at *** million and *** million people, respectively. The Italian capital, Rome, was the next largest city at *** million, followed by Berlin at *** million. London’s population growth Throughout the 1980s, the population of London fluctuated from a high of **** million people in 1981 to a low of **** million inhabitants in 1988. During the 1990s, the population of London increased once again, growing from ****million at the start of the decade to **** million by 1999. London's population has continued to grow since the turn of the century, and despite declining between 2019 and 2021, it reached *** million people in 2023 and is forecast to reach almost *** million by 2047.

  2. Largest cities in the United Kingdom 2021

    • statista.com
    Updated Apr 25, 2014
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    Statista (2014). Largest cities in the United Kingdom 2021 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/275359/largest-cities-in-the-united-kingdom/
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    Dataset updated
    Apr 25, 2014
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    Mar 21, 2021
    Area covered
    Great Britain, United Kingdom
    Description

    This statistic shows the ten largest cities in the United Kingdom in 2021. In 2021, around 8.78 million people lived in London, making it the largest city in the United Kingdom.

  3. U

    United Kingdom UK: Population in Largest City: as % of Urban Population

    • ceicdata.com
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    CEICdata.com, United Kingdom UK: Population in Largest City: as % of Urban Population [Dataset]. https://www.ceicdata.com/en/united-kingdom/population-and-urbanization-statistics/uk-population-in-largest-city-as--of-urban-population
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    Dataset provided by
    CEICdata.com
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Dec 1, 2006 - Dec 1, 2017
    Area covered
    United Kingdom
    Variables measured
    Population
    Description

    United Kingdom UK: Population in Largest City: as % of Urban Population data was reported at 19.234 % in 2017. This records an increase from the previous number of 19.203 % for 2016. United Kingdom UK: Population in Largest City: as % of Urban Population data is updated yearly, averaging 18.336 % from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2017, with 58 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 19.939 % in 1960 and a record low of 17.256 % in 1973. United Kingdom UK: Population in Largest City: as % of Urban Population data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s UK – Table UK.World Bank: Population and Urbanization Statistics. Population in largest city is the percentage of a country's urban population living in that country's largest metropolitan area.; ; United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects.; Weighted Average;

  4. T

    United Kingdom Population In Largest City

    • tradingeconomics.com
    csv, excel, json, xml
    Updated May 29, 2017
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    TRADING ECONOMICS (2017). United Kingdom Population In Largest City [Dataset]. https://tradingeconomics.com/united-kingdom/population-in-largest-city-wb-data.html
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    xml, csv, json, excelAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    May 29, 2017
    Dataset authored and provided by
    TRADING ECONOMICS
    License

    Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
    License information was derived automatically

    Time period covered
    Jan 1, 1976 - Dec 31, 2025
    Area covered
    United Kingdom
    Description

    Actual value and historical data chart for United Kingdom Population In Largest City

  5. Rail passenger numbers and crowding on weekdays in major cities in England...

    • gov.uk
    Updated Sep 24, 2020
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    Department for Transport (2020). Rail passenger numbers and crowding on weekdays in major cities in England and Wales: 2019 [Dataset]. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/rail-passenger-numbers-and-crowding-on-weekdays-in-major-cities-in-england-and-wales-2019
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    Dataset updated
    Sep 24, 2020
    Dataset provided by
    GOV.UKhttp://gov.uk/
    Authors
    Department for Transport
    Area covered
    England, Wales
    Description

    In 2019, passenger arrivals have increased in most major cities. This is in line with the growth in rail journeys seen in recent years.

    London remains the city with the highest rail passenger numbers with 8 times more passengers across the day than Birmingham, the city with the second highest.

    During peak hours, nearly 233,000 passengers were standing on trains in London. However, morning peak crowding in London is the lowest since 2014.

    In other cities, the number of standing passengers was much lower. After London the next highest was Birmingham with 16,800 standing. However, the percentage of passengers standing has grown across six major cities.

    Using the PiXC measure, Cardiff had the highest peak crowding level of 3.7% with 1200 passengers over train capacity.

    Background information on the rail passenger numbers and crowding statistics and how they are collected can be found in the notes and definitions.

    Contact us

    Rail statistics enquiries

    Email mailto:rail.stats@dft.gov.uk">rail.stats@dft.gov.uk

    Media enquiries 0300 7777 878

  6. Understanding towns in England and Wales: population and demography

    • ons.gov.uk
    • cy.ons.gov.uk
    xlsx
    Updated Feb 24, 2021
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    Office for National Statistics (2021). Understanding towns in England and Wales: population and demography [Dataset]. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/understandingtownsinenglandandwalespopulationanddemography
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    xlsxAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Feb 24, 2021
    Dataset provided by
    Office for National Statisticshttp://www.ons.gov.uk/
    License

    Open Government Licence 3.0http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
    License information was derived automatically

    Description

    Towns in England and Wales: towns list, cities list, classification and population data.

  7. Major Towns and Cities - Dataset - data.gov.uk

    • ckan.publishing.service.gov.uk
    Updated Feb 18, 2019
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    ckan.publishing.service.gov.uk (2019). Major Towns and Cities - Dataset - data.gov.uk [Dataset]. https://ckan.publishing.service.gov.uk/dataset/major-towns-and-cities1
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    Dataset updated
    Feb 18, 2019
    Dataset provided by
    CKANhttps://ckan.org/
    Description

    Digital vector boundaries for Major Towns and Cities in England and Wales in 2015. The Major Towns and Cities (TCITY) statistical geography provides a precise definition of the major towns and cities in England and Wales. The geography has been developed specifically for the production and analysis of statistics, and is based on the Built-Up Areas geography that was created for the release of 2011 Census data. 112 TCITY More ONS 2011 Boundaries can be found here http://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/ All these products are supplied under the Open Government Licence and Ordnance Survey Open Data terms and conditions. Contains both Ordnance Survey and ONS Intellectual Property Rights.

  8. g

    Major Towns and Cities

    • gimi9.com
    • data.europa.eu
    • +1more
    Updated Aug 21, 2019
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    (2019). Major Towns and Cities [Dataset]. https://gimi9.com/dataset/uk_major-towns-and-cities1/
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 21, 2019
    Description

    🇬🇧 영국 English Digital vector boundaries for Major Towns and Cities in England and Wales in 2015. The Major Towns and Cities (TCITY) statistical geography provides a precise definition of the major towns and cities in England and Wales. The geography has been developed specifically for the production and analysis of statistics, and is based on the Built-Up Areas geography that was created for the release of 2011 Census data. 112 TCITY More ONS 2011 Boundaries can be found here http://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/ All these products are supplied under the Open Government Licence and Ordnance Survey Open Data terms and conditions. Contains both Ordnance Survey and ONS Intellectual Property Rights.

  9. UK cities with the highest popularity ratings Q4 2024

    • statista.com
    Updated Feb 15, 2025
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    Statista (2025). UK cities with the highest popularity ratings Q4 2024 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/898803/most-popular-british-cities/
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    Dataset updated
    Feb 15, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Area covered
    United Kingdom
    Description

    When surveyed in the fourth quarter of 2024, it was found that York was the most popular city in the United Kingdom among residents of the UK. In total, 76 percent of the UK public had a popular opinion of the city, which is famed for its historical architecture.

  10. Major Towns and Cities (December 2015) Names and Codes in EW - Dataset -...

    • ckan.publishing.service.gov.uk
    Updated Sep 20, 2023
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    ckan.publishing.service.gov.uk (2023). Major Towns and Cities (December 2015) Names and Codes in EW - Dataset - data.gov.uk [Dataset]. https://ckan.publishing.service.gov.uk/dataset/major-towns-and-cities-december-2015-names-and-codes-in-ew
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    Dataset updated
    Sep 20, 2023
    Dataset provided by
    CKANhttps://ckan.org/
    Description

    This file contains names and codes for Major Towns and Cities (TCITY) in England and Wales as at December 2015. (File size - 16KB). The TCITY statistical geography provides a precise definition of the major towns and cities in England and Wales. The geography has been developed specifically for the production and analysis of statistics, and is based on the Built-Up Areas geography that was created for the release of 2011 Census data. Field Names - TCITYCD, TCITYNM, FID Field Types - Text, Text, Number Field Lengths - 9, 20 FID = The FID, or Feature ID is created by the publication process when the names and codes / lookup products are published to the Open Geography portal. REST URL of Feature Access Service – https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/Major_Towns_and_Cities_Dec_2015_Names_and_Codes_in_England_and_Wales_2022/FeatureServer

  11. Estimates of the population for the UK, England, Wales, Scotland, and...

    • ons.gov.uk
    • cy.ons.gov.uk
    xlsx
    Updated Sep 26, 2025
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    Office for National Statistics (2025). Estimates of the population for the UK, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland [Dataset]. https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/datasets/populationestimatesforukenglandandwalesscotlandandnorthernireland
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    xlsxAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Sep 26, 2025
    Dataset provided by
    Office for National Statisticshttp://www.ons.gov.uk/
    License

    Open Government Licence 3.0http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
    License information was derived automatically

    Area covered
    United Kingdom, England, Ireland
    Description

    National and subnational mid-year population estimates for the UK and its constituent countries by administrative area, age and sex (including components of population change, median age and population density).

  12. Major Towns and Cities - a new statistical geography A story map on how and...

    • ckan.publishing.service.gov.uk
    Updated Sep 20, 2023
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    ckan.publishing.service.gov.uk (2023). Major Towns and Cities - a new statistical geography A story map on how and why the boundaries were made, and a guide to their use for statistics - Dataset - data.gov.uk [Dataset]. https://ckan.publishing.service.gov.uk/dataset/major-towns-and-cities-a-new-statistical-geographya-story-map-onhow-and-why-the-boundarieswerem1
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    Dataset updated
    Sep 20, 2023
    Dataset provided by
    CKANhttps://ckan.org/
    Description

    A story map on how and why the boundaries were made, and a guide to their use for statistics

  13. Major Towns and Cities - Methodological Note and User Guidance

    • geoportal.statistics.gov.uk
    Updated Aug 10, 2016
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    Office for National Statistics (2016). Major Towns and Cities - Methodological Note and User Guidance [Dataset]. https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/documents/ons::major-towns-and-cities-methodological-note-and-user-guidance-1/about
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 10, 2016
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Office for National Statisticshttp://www.ons.gov.uk/
    License

    https://www.ons.gov.uk/methodology/geography/licenceshttps://www.ons.gov.uk/methodology/geography/licences

    Area covered
    Description

    The document provides a methodological note and user guidance for the ONS Major Towns and Cities. (File Size - 2 MB)

  14. Major Towns and Cities (December 2015) Boundaries EW BGG (V2) - Dataset -...

    • ckan.publishing.service.gov.uk
    Updated Sep 20, 2023
    + more versions
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    ckan.publishing.service.gov.uk (2023). Major Towns and Cities (December 2015) Boundaries EW BGG (V2) - Dataset - data.gov.uk [Dataset]. https://ckan.publishing.service.gov.uk/dataset/major-towns-and-cities-december-2015-boundaries-ew-bgg-v21
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    Dataset updated
    Sep 20, 2023
    Dataset provided by
    CKANhttps://ckan.org/
    Description

    This file contains the digital vector boundaries for the Major Towns and Cities in England and Wales, as at December 2015. Version 2 includes centroid data in the attributes table.The boundaries available are: (BGG) Generalised Grid (50m) - clipped to the coastline (Mean High Water mark).Contains both Ordnance Survey and ONS Intellectual Property Rights.REST URL of ArcGIS for INSPIRE View Service – https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/Major_Towns_and_Cities_(Dec_2015)_Boundaries_V2/MapServerREST URL of ArcGIS for INSPIRE Feature DownloadService – https://dservices1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/services/Major_Towns_and_Cities_Dec_2015_Boundaries_V2/WFSServer?service=wfs&request=getcapabilitiesREST URL of Feature Access Service – https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/Major_Towns_and_Cities_Dec_2015_Boundaries_V2_2022/FeatureServer

  15. a

    Workplace Zone (2011) to Major Towns and Cities (December 2015) Best Fit...

    • open-geography-portalx-ons.hub.arcgis.com
    • geoportal.statistics.gov.uk
    • +1more
    Updated Dec 13, 2017
    + more versions
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    Office for National Statistics (2017). Workplace Zone (2011) to Major Towns and Cities (December 2015) Best Fit Lookup in EW [Dataset]. https://open-geography-portalx-ons.hub.arcgis.com/datasets/ons::workplace-zone-2011-to-major-towns-and-cities-december-2015-best-fit-lookup-in-ew
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    Dataset updated
    Dec 13, 2017
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Office for National Statistics
    License

    https://www.ons.gov.uk/methodology/geography/licenceshttps://www.ons.gov.uk/methodology/geography/licences

    Area covered
    Description

    A best fit lookup between 2011 Workplace Zones (WZ) and Major Towns and Cities (TCITY) as at December 2015 in England and Wales. The TCITY statistical geography provides a precise definition of the major towns and cities in England and Wales. The geography has been developed specifically for the production and analysis of statistics, and is based on the Built-up Areas geography that was created for the release of 2011 Census data (File Size 1.3MB).REST URL of Feature Access Service – https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/WZ11_TCITY15_EW_LU_a7a1a2f6feb24aac800596276d82f5ad/FeatureServer

    For more information and an overview of best-fitting follow this link - https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/datasets/f0aac7ccbfd04cda9eb03e353c613faa/about

  16. Rail passenger numbers and crowding on weekdays in major cities in England...

    • gov.uk
    Updated Jul 24, 2019
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    Department for Transport (2019). Rail passenger numbers and crowding on weekdays in major cities in England and Wales: 2018 [Dataset]. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/rail-passenger-numbers-and-crowding-on-weekdays-in-major-cities-in-england-and-wales-2018
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    Dataset updated
    Jul 24, 2019
    Dataset provided by
    GOV.UKhttp://gov.uk/
    Authors
    Department for Transport
    Area covered
    England, Wales
    Description

    In 2018, passenger arrivals have increased in most major cities. This is in line with the growth in rail journeys seen in recent years.

    • London remains the city with the highest rail passenger numbers with 8 times more passengers across the day than Birmingham, the city with the second highest.

    • During peak hours, more than 230,000 passengers were standing on trains in London. However, morning peak crowding in London is the lowest since 2014.

    • In other cities, the number of standing passengers was much lower. After London, the next highest was Birmingham with 17,300 standing. However, the percentage of passengers standing has grown across seven major cities.

    • Using the PiXC measure, Cambridge had the highest crowding level of 4.8% with 800 passengers over train capacity.

    Background information on the rail passenger numbers and crowding statistics and how they are collected can be found in the notes and definitions.

    Rail statistics enquiries

    Email mailto:rail.stats@dft.gov.uk">rail.stats@dft.gov.uk

    Media enquiries 0300 7777 878

  17. Regional gross domestic product: city regions

    • ons.gov.uk
    • cy.ons.gov.uk
    xlsx
    Updated Apr 24, 2024
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    Office for National Statistics (2024). Regional gross domestic product: city regions [Dataset]. https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/datasets/regionalgrossdomesticproductcityregions
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    xlsxAvailable download formats
    Dataset updated
    Apr 24, 2024
    Dataset provided by
    Office for National Statisticshttp://www.ons.gov.uk/
    License

    Open Government Licence 3.0http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
    License information was derived automatically

    Description

    Annual estimates of balanced UK regional gross domestic product (GDP). Current price estimates and chained volume measures for combined authorities and city regions.

  18. Rail passenger numbers and crowding on weekdays in major cities in England...

    • gov.uk
    Updated Jul 24, 2018
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    Department for Transport (2018). Rail passenger numbers and crowding on weekdays in major cities in England and Wales: 2017 [Dataset]. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/rail-passenger-numbers-and-crowding-on-weekdays-in-major-cities-in-england-and-wales-2017
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    Dataset updated
    Jul 24, 2018
    Dataset provided by
    GOV.UKhttp://gov.uk/
    Authors
    Department for Transport
    Area covered
    England, Wales
    Description

    Request for feedback on rail passenger numbers and crowding statistics

    The department are reviewing the rail passenger numbers and crowding statistical publication. We are carrying out a https://www.smartsurvey.co.uk/s/railnumbersandcrowdingpublication">user feedback survey to see how we can make this publication better, more informative and more user friendly. All contributions to this survey are welcomed.

    In autumn 2017, rail passenger numbers fell in many major cities, including London. Crowding levels in London also fell during the peaks, but increased overall in other major cities.

    On a typical autumn weekday in 2017:

    • the number of daily rail passengers fell in Leeds, Liverpool, London and Manchester
    • passenger numbers in other major cities increased
    • over 1 million passengers arrived into London, with 55% arriving in the morning peak
    • morning peak passenger numbers increased overall for all major cities outside of London

    In autumn 2017:

    • morning peak crowding was highest in London (5.4%), followed by Cambridge (4.8%) and Manchester (4.3%)
    • King’s Cross had the highest crowding levels in the morning (9.0%) and the afternoon peaks (5.6%) of all central London stations
    • 23% of passengers were standing on trains arriving into London in the morning peak

    Background information on the rail passenger numbers and crowding statistics and how they are collected can be found in the notes and definitions.

    Contact us

    Rail statistics enquiries

    Email mailto:rail.stats@dft.gov.uk">rail.stats@dft.gov.uk

    Media enquiries 0300 7777 878

  19. Crime rate in major cities in England 2015-2025

    • statista.com
    Updated Aug 4, 2025
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    Statista (2025). Crime rate in major cities in England 2015-2025 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1317405/crime-rate-of-cities-in-england/
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    Dataset updated
    Aug 4, 2025
    Dataset authored and provided by
    Statistahttp://statista.com/
    Time period covered
    Apr 1, 2015 - Mar 31, 2024
    Area covered
    England
    Description

    In the 2024/25 reporting year, West Yorkshire Police reported a crime rate of 114.5 crimes per 1,000 population, the highest crime rate among the provided police force areas whose territories include large cities. Greater Manchester Police reported a crime rate of 108.2 crimes per 1,000 population and had the second-highest crime rate during this year.

  20. Rail passenger numbers and crowding on weekdays in major cities in England...

    • gov.uk
    Updated Feb 9, 2017
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    Department for Transport (2017). Rail passenger numbers and crowding on weekdays in major cities in England and Wales: 2015 (revised) [Dataset]. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/rail-passenger-numbers-and-crowding-on-weekdays-in-major-cities-in-england-and-wales-2015
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    Dataset updated
    Feb 9, 2017
    Dataset provided by
    GOV.UKhttp://gov.uk/
    Authors
    Department for Transport
    Area covered
    England, Wales
    Description

    Revision of 2015 Rail passenger numbers and crowding publication

    Following a change of methodology minor revisions have been made to the back-series of PiXC statistics from 2011 to 2014. The change has not affected PiXC percentages in 2015, but there have been revisions to the publication to some year-on-year percentage point changes.

    Statistics on rail passenger numbers on trains throughout the day in several major cities, as well as the levels of peak crowding in 2015.

    These statistics are based on passenger counts carried out by franchised train operators of the numbers of passengers using their services in the autumn period and represent passenger numbers on a ‘typical weekday’. They cover National Rail services only.

    The overall level of crowding across the 11 cities included in the statistics has increased, and it is clear that much of the growth has been on routes that are already very busy.

    On a typical autumn weekday in 2015:

    • there were 581,400 passengers arriving into London during the morning peak, an increase of 3.2% since 2014.
    • crowding levels at major cities, as measured by the PiXC statistic, rose by 0.4 percentage points in the morning peak to 5.0% PiXC, and 0.2 percentage points in the afternoon peak to 2.4% PiXC
    • morning peak PiXC was greatest at London, at 5.8% PiXC, followed by Manchester with 3.7% PiXC and Birmingham with 2.4% PiXC
    • London Blackfriars (via Elephant and Castle) had the largest increase in morning peak PiXC between 2014 and 2015 of all major London stations, and in 2015 had the highest crowding level of all major London stations, at 14.7% PiXC

    Background information on the rail passenger numbers and crowding statistics and how they are collected can be found in the notes and definitions.

    Contact us

    Rail statistics enquiries

    Email mailto:rail.stats@dft.gov.uk">rail.stats@dft.gov.uk

    Media enquiries 0300 7777 878

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Statista (2025). Largest urban agglomerations in the UK in 2025 [Dataset]. https://www.statista.com/statistics/294645/population-of-selected-cities-in-united-kingdom-uk/
Organization logo

Largest urban agglomerations in the UK in 2025

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10 scholarly articles cite this dataset (View in Google Scholar)
Dataset updated
Nov 28, 2025
Dataset authored and provided by
Statistahttp://statista.com/
Time period covered
2019
Area covered
United Kingdom
Description

London was by far the largest urban agglomeration in the United Kingdom in 2025, with an estimated population of *** million people, more than three times as large as Manchester, the UK’s second-biggest urban agglomeration. The agglomerations of Birmingham and Leeds / Bradford had the third and fourth-largest populations, respectively, while the biggest city in Scotland, Glasgow, was the fifth largest. Largest cities in Europe Two cities in Europe had larger urban areas than London, with Istanbul having a population of around **** million and the Russian capital Moscow having a population of over **** million. The city of Paris, located just over 200 miles away from London, was the second-largest city in Europe, with a population of more than **** million people. Paris was followed by London in terms of population size, and then by the Spanish cities of Madrid and Barcelona, at *** million and *** million people, respectively. The Italian capital, Rome, was the next largest city at *** million, followed by Berlin at *** million. London’s population growth Throughout the 1980s, the population of London fluctuated from a high of **** million people in 1981 to a low of **** million inhabitants in 1988. During the 1990s, the population of London increased once again, growing from ****million at the start of the decade to **** million by 1999. London's population has continued to grow since the turn of the century, and despite declining between 2019 and 2021, it reached *** million people in 2023 and is forecast to reach almost *** million by 2047.

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