Kyiv is the largest city of Ukraine, with approximately 2.95 million inhabitants as of January 1, 2022. Kharkiv had the second-largest population of around 1.42 million, followed by Odesa and Dnipro. Economic situation in Ukraine Ukraine has a population of around 42 million inhabitants - close to 70 percent of which live in urban areas, with almost three million living in Ukraine’s largest city and capital, Kyiv. The city is located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River and is one of the largest in Europe. The country’s second-largest city, Kharkiv, is about half of Kyiv's size and located in the northeast. Kharkiv was the first city to be occupied by the Soviet Union in 1917 until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Since the collapse, Ukraine has been largely divided between east and west. Many inhabitants speak Ukrainian to the west, whereas Russian is dominant in parts of the east and south. Like Kharkiv, many of Ukraine’s other biggest cities which have fewer than one million inhabitants are located to the east of the country – a region which has uprooted and displaced many of its inhabitants because of the military actions that started in 2014. In 2015, Ukrainians across the country were affected by a huge spike in inflation, which reached near 49 percent. In the following years, it marked a decrease, measuring below three percent in 2020. The country’s GDP has also been significantly impacted by the crisis, which has left approximately 1.5 million Ukrainians internally displaced since 2014, according to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). The unemployment rate was above nine percent in 2020.

As of September 2020, the capital of Ukraine Kyiv, offered by far the most public transport routes - a total of 388 bus routes and three metro lines were available for its locals. The second biggest locality in the country, Kharkiv had the same number of metro routes as the capital. The number of bus routes, however, was twice smaller than in Kyiv.

Population in the largest city (% of urban population) in Ukraine was reported at 11.41 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Ukraine - Population in the largest city - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on March of 2025.

With a score of 9.62, Kyiv was the leading city for startups in Ukraine in 2024. Lviv followed, having earned a score of 0.84 in the period observed. Furthermore, Ukraine's capital ranked fourth among the major cities for startups in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The score was based on several indicators, such as the number of startups in each city, the startups' qualitative results, and the cities' business and economic indicators.

In 2022, on average, two out of three residents of major cities in Poland declared that they were engaged in helping refugees from Ukraine, with the highest rate in Warsaw and Lublin.

Abstract

The Ukraine Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) is a nationally representative survey of 6,841 women age 15-49 and 3,178 men age 15-49. Survey fieldwork was conducted during the period July through November 2007. The UDHS was conducted by the Ukrainian Center for Social Reforms in close collaboration with the State Statistical Committee of Ukraine. The MEASURE DHS Project provided technical support for the survey. The U.S. Agency for International Development/Kyiv Regional Mission to Ukraine, Moldova, and Belarus provided funding.

The survey is a nationally representative sample survey designed to provide information on population and health issues in Ukraine. The primary goal of the survey was to develop a single integrated set of demographic and health data for the population of the Ukraine.

The UDHS was conducted from July to November 2007 by the Ukrainian Center for Social Reforms (UCSR) in close collaboration with the State Statistical Committee (SSC) of Ukraine, which provided organizational and methodological support. Macro International Inc. provided technical assistance for the survey through the MEASURE DHS project. USAID/Kyiv Regional Mission to Ukraine, Moldova and Belarus provided funding for the survey through the MEASURE DHS project. MEASURE DHS is sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to assist countries worldwide in obtaining information on key population and health indicators.

The 2007 UDHS collected national- and regional-level data on fertility and contraceptive use, maternal health, adult health and life style, infant and child mortality, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. The survey obtained detailed information on these issues from women of reproductive age and, on certain topics, from men as well.

The results of the 2007 UDHS are intended to provide the information needed to evaluate existing social programs and to design new strategies for improving the health of Ukrainians and health services for the people of Ukraine. The 2007 UDHS also contributes to the growing international database on demographic and health-related variables.

MAIN RESULTS

• Fertility rates. A useful index of the level of fertility is the total fertility rate (TFR), which indicates the number of children a woman would have if she passed through the childbearing ages at the current age-specific fertility rates (ASFR). The TFR, estimated for the three-year period preceding the survey, is 1.2 children per woman. This is below replacement level.

• Contraception : Knowledge and ever use. Knowledge of contraception is widespread in Ukraine. Among married women, knowledge of at least one method is universal (99 percent). On average, married women reported knowledge of seven methods of contraception. Eighty-nine percent of married women have used a method of contraception at some time.

• Abortion rates. The use of abortion can be measured by the total abortion rate (TAR), which indicates the number of abortions a woman would have in her lifetime if she passed through her childbearing years at the current age-specific abortion rates. The UDHS estimate of the TAR indicates that a woman in Ukraine will have an average of 0.4 abortions during her lifetime. This rate is considerably lower than the comparable rate in the 1999 Ukraine Reproductive Health Survey (URHS) of 1.6. Despite this decline, among pregnancies ending in the three years preceding the survey, one in four pregnancies (25 percent) ended in an induced abortion.

• Antenatal care. Ukraine has a well-developed health system with an extensive infrastructure of facilities that provide maternal care services. Overall, the levels of antenatal care and delivery assistance are high. Virtually all mothers receive antenatal care from professional health providers (doctors, nurses, and midwives) with negligible differences between urban and rural areas. Seventy-five percent of pregnant women have six or more antenatal care visits; 27 percent have 15 or more ANC visits. The percentage is slightly higher in rural areas than in urban areas (78 percent compared with 73 percent). However, a smaller proportion of rural women than urban women have 15 or more antenatal care visits (23 percent and 29 percent, respectively).

• HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections : The currently low level of HIV infection in Ukraine provides a unique window of opportunity for early targeted interventions to prevent further spread of the disease. However, the increases in the cumulative incidence of HIV infection suggest that this window of opportunity is rapidly closing.

• Adult Health : The major causes of death in Ukraine are similar to those in industrialized countries (cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and accidents), but there is also a rising incidence of certain infectious diseases, such as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

• Women's status : Sixty-four percent of married women make decisions on their own about their own health care, 33 percent decide jointly with their husband/partner, and 1 percent say that their husband or someone else is the primary decisionmaker about the woman's own health care.

• Domestic Violence : Overall, 17 percent of women age 15-49 experienced some type of physical violence between age 15 and the time of the survey. Nine percent of all women experienced at least one episode of violence in the 12 months preceding the survey. One percent of the women said they had often been subjected to violent physical acts during the past year. Overall, the data indicate that husbands are the main perpetrators of physical violence against women.

• Human Trafficking : The UDHS collected information on respondents' awareness of human trafficking in Ukraine and, if applicable, knowledge about any household members who had been the victim of human trafficking during the three years preceding the survey. More than half (52 percent) of respondents to the household questionnaire reported that they had heard of a person experiencing this problem and 10 percent reported that they knew personally someone who had experienced human trafficking.

Geographic coverage

The survey is a nationally representative sample survey designed to provide information on population and health issues in Ukraine. The 27 administrative regions were grouped for this survey into five geographic regions: North, Central, East, South and West. The five geographic regions are the five study domains of the survey. The estimates obtained from the 2007 UDHS are presented for the country as a whole, for urban and rural areas, and for each of the five geographic regions.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Women age 15-49
• Men age 15-49

Universe

The population covered by the 2007 UDHS is defined as the universe of all women and men age 15-49 in Ukraine.

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

The 2007 Ukraine Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) was the first survey of its kind carried out in Ukraine. The survey was a nationally representative sample survey of 15,000 households, with an expected yield of about 7,900 completed interviews of women age 15-49. It was designed to provide estimates on fertility, infant and child mortality, use of contraception and family planning, knowledge and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STI), and other family welfare and health indicators. Ukraine is made up of 24 oblasts, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, and two special cities (Kyiv and Sevastopol), which together make up 27 administrative regions, each subdivided into lower-level administrative units. The 27 administrative regions were grouped for this survey into five geographic regions: North, Central, East, South and West. The five geographic regions are the five study domains of the survey. The estimates obtained from the 2007 UDHS are presented for the country as a whole, for urban and rural areas, and for each of the five geographic regions.

A men's survey was conducted at the same time as the women's survey, in a subsample consisting of one household in every two selected for the female survey. All men age 15-49 living in the selected households were eligible for the men's survey. The survey collected information on men's use of contraception and family planning and their knowledge and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STI).

SAMPLING FRAME

The sampling frame used for the 2007 UDHS was the Ukraine Population Census conducted in 2001 (SSC, 2003a), provided by the State Statistical Committee (SSC) of Ukraine. The sampling frame consisted of about 38 thousand enumeration areas (EAs) with an average of 400-500 households per EA. Each EA is subdivided into 4-5 enumeration units (EUs) with an average of 100 households per EU. An EA is a city block in urban areas; in rural areas, an EA is either a village or part of a large village, or a group of small villages (possibly plus a part of a large village). An EU is a list of addresses (in a neighborhood) that was used as a convenient counting unit for the census. Both EAs and EUs include information about the location, type of residence, address of each structure in it, and the number of households in each structure.

Census maps were available for most of the EAs with marked boundaries. In urban areas, the census maps have marked boundaries/locations of the EUs. In rural areas, the EUs are defined by detailed descriptions available at the SSC local office. Therefore, either the EA or the EU could be used as the primary sampling unit (PSU) for the 2007 UDHS. Because the EAs in urban areas are large (an average of 500 households), using

The Donetsk Oblast in eastern Ukraine was the most populated region of the country as of February 1, 2022, with approximately 4.1 million inhabitants. It was followed by the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, which had a population of around 3.1 million. Nearly three million people resided in Kyiv, the capital city.

Phone numbers and addresses of GUDKSU in Mykolaiv region and departments of the State Tax Service of Ukraine in districts, cities of Mykolaiv region

117.6 (%) in 2011. Capital investments are accounted for by enterprises, legal entities with their main economic activity and territory location (legal address). Capital investment index calculated according to the methodology, approved by the State Statistics Committee of 25.12.2009 № 494, which is posted on the website State Statistics Service of Ukraine. January-December of the current year to January-December of the previous year.

As of April 1, 2022, the most significant number of Ukrainians was recorded in Rzeszów - about 35 percent. The largest city in Poland, Warsaw, had 13 percent of Ukrainians, as did Szczecin.

In 2022, over 525 thousand refugees from Ukraine were given shelter in private flats or houses in 12 major cities in Poland.

87,3 (%) in 2013Q2. January-December of the current year to January-December of the previous year. Capital investments are recorded at enterprises, legal entities, by their main economic activity type and location area (legal address). Capital investment indices are calculated according to the methodology, approved by the State Statistics Committee of 25.12.2009 № 494, as amended according to the Classification of Economic Activity Types DK 009:2010. Quarterly data: percent to the corresponding quarter of the previous year.

In January 2022, the highest number of offices of IT service providing companies in Ukraine was registered in the capital, at 299. The number of offices of service providers in Lviv, the largest city in Western Ukraine, amounted to 136 offices. In general, the number of companies providing IT services was significantly lower than the number of offices of IT product developing companies in Ukraine.

Among Ukraine's selected cities, Lviv had the largest office space vacancy rate, at 17.5 percent as of the third quarter of 2021. To compare, the capital Kyiv had 13.8 percent of its office stock available.

As of January 1, 2022, the number of people younger than 18 years in Ukraine was approximately 7.3 million. The adult population aged 18 years and older amounted to 33.6 million, representing around 82 percent of total inhabitants. Over 10 million people, or 24 percent of all residents, were aged 60 years and older.

What is the population of Ukraine?

Ukraine is the eighth most populated country in Europe, ranking between Poland and Romania by the number of inhabitants. In 2023, an estimated 32 million people resided in Ukraine, down approximately nine million from two years prior. The population size has decreased significantly during the Russian invasion, as millions of refugees fled to other countries.

Demographics of Ukraine

The number of women in Ukraine exceeded that of men by approximately three million as of January 1, 2022. At that point, the country’s male population stood at approximately 19 million. Over the past two decades, it decreased by over three million. The majority, or seven out of ten Ukrainian residents, lived in cities. Both the urban and rural population saw a decline in the past 20 years.

119,2 (%) in 2013Q2. January-December of the current year to January-December of the previous year. Capital investments are recorded at enterprises, legal entities, by their main economic activity type and location area (legal address). Capital investment indices are calculated according to the methodology, approved by the State Statistics Committee of 25.12.2009 № 494, as amended according to the Classification of Economic Activity Types DK 009:2010. Quarterly data: percent to the corresponding quarter of the previous year.

Abstract

The Household Living Conditions Survey has been carried out annually since 1999 by the State Statistics Service of Ukraine (formerly the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine). The survey is based on generally accepted international standards and depicts social and demographic situation in Ukraine.

From 2002, items of consumer money and aggregate expenditures have been developed in line with the International Classification of Individual Consumption of Goods and Services (COICOP-HBS), recommended by Eurostat.

The State Statistics Service of Ukraine has been implementing a new system of household sample survey organization and delivery from 2004. A unified interviewer network was established to run simultaneously three household surveys: Household Living Conditions Survey, households' economic activity survey and the survey of household farming in rural areas. A new national territorial probability sampling was introduced to deliver the three sampling surveys in 2004-2008.

Geographic coverage

National, except some settlements within the territories suffered from the Chernobyl disaster.

Analysis unit

• Households,
• Individuals.

A household is a totality of persons who jointly live in the same residential facilities of part of those, satisfy all their essential needs, jointly keep the house, pool and spend all their money or portion of it. These persons may be relatives by blood, relatives by law or both, or have no kinship relations. A household may consist of one person (Law of Ukraine "On Ukraine National Census of Population," Article 1). As only 0.50% households have members with no kinship relations (0.65% total households if bachelors are excluded), the contemporary concepts "household" and "family" are very close.

Universe

Whole country, all private households. The survey does not cover collective households, foreigners temporarily living in Ukraine as well as the homeless.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

12,977 households representing all regions of Ukraine (including 8,975 in urban areas and 4,002 in rural areas) are selected for this survey. Grossing up sample survey results to all households of Ukraine is done by the statistic weighting method.

Building a territorial sample, researchers excluded settlements located in the excluded zone (Zone 1) and unconditional (forced) resettlement zone (Zone 2) within the territories suffered from the Chernobyl disaster.

Computing the number of population subject to surveying, from the number of resident population researchers excluded institutional population - army conscripts, persons in places of confinement, residents of boarding schools and nursing homes, - and marginal population (homeless, etc).

The parent population was stratified so that the sample could adequately represent basic specifics of the administrative and territorial division and ensure more homogeneous household populations. To achieve this objective, the parent population was divided into strata against the regions of Ukraine. In each stratum three smaller substrata were formed: urban settlements (city councils) having 100,000 or more inhabitants (big cities), urban settlements (city councils) having less than 100,000 inhabitants (small towns) and all districts (except city districts), i.e. administrative districts in rural areas. Sample size was distributed among strata and substrata in proportion to their non-institutional resident population.

Detailed information about selecting primary territorial units of sampling (PTUS) and households is available in the document "Household Living Conditions Survey Methodological Comments" (p. 4-7).

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The HLCS uses the following survey tools:

1) Main interviews

Main interview questionnaires collect general data on households, such as household composition, housing facilities, availability and use of land plots, cattle and poultry, characteristics of household members: anthropometric data, education, employment status. Interviewing of households takes place at the survey commencement stage. In addition, while interviewing, the interviewer completes a household composition check card to trace any changes during the entire survey period.

2) Observation of household expenditures and incomes

For the observation, two tools are used: - Weekly diary of current expenditures. It is completed directly by a household twice a quarter. In the diary respondents (households) record all daily expenditures in details (e.g. for purchased foodstuffs - product description, its weight and value, and place of purchase). In addition, a household puts into the diary information on consumption of products produced in private subsidiary farming or received as a gift.

Households are evenly distributed among rotation groups, who complete diaries in different week days of every quarter. Assuming that the two weeks data are intrinsic for the entire quarter, the single time period of data processing (quarter) is formed by means of multiplying diary data by ratio 6.5 (number of weeks in a quarter divided on the number of weeks when diary records were made). Inclusion of foodstuffs for long-time consumption is done based on quarterly interview data.

• Quarterly questionnaire. It is used to interview households in the first month following the reporting quarter. Researchers collect data on large and irregular expenditures, in particular those relating to the purchase of foodstuffs for long-time consumption (e.g. sacks, etc.), and also data on household incomes. Since recalling all incomes and expenditures made in a quarter is uneasy, households make records during a quarter in a special quarterly expenditures log.

The major areas for quarterly observation are the following: - structure of consumer financial expenditures for goods and services; - structure of other expenditures (material aid to other households, expenditures for private subsidiary farming, purchase of real estate, construction and major repair of housing facilities and outbuildings, accumulating savings, etc); - importance of private subsidiary farming for household welfare level (receipt and use of products from private subsidiary farming for own consumption, financial income from sales of such products, etc.); - structure of income and other financial sources of a household. We separately study the income of every individual household member (remuneration of labor, pension, scholarship, welfare, etc.) and the income in form payments to a household as a whole (subsidies for children, aid of relatives and other persons, income from - sales of real estate and property, housing and utility subsidies, use of savings, etc.).

3) Single-time topical interviews

Single-time topical interviews questionnaires are used quarterly and cover the following topics: - household expenditures for construction and repair of housing facilities and outbuilding - availability of durable goods in a household - assessment by households members of own health and accessibility of selected medical services - self-assessment by a household of adequacy of its income - household's access to Internet

The most significant number of Ukrainians in Poland was reported in April 2022. Of this figure, 1.6 million stayed in the 12 largest cities.

As a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, one-third of Polish gamers played less in 2022. Another impact of the war on the respondents included feeling stressed and having no time to play games.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine started on February 24, 2022. Attacks by Russian forces were reported in major cities across Ukraine, including Berdyansk, Chernihiv, Kharkiv, Odesa, Sumy, and the capital Kyiv.

In 2024, according to data provided by StartupBlink the top city for startups in Central and Eastern Europe was Moscow (Russia) with a total score of 23.6, followed by Tallinn (Estonia).