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TwitterLondon was by far the largest urban agglomeration in the United Kingdom in 2025, with an estimated population of *** million people, more than three times as large as Manchester, the UK’s second-biggest urban agglomeration. The agglomerations of Birmingham and Leeds / Bradford had the third and fourth-largest populations, respectively, while the biggest city in Scotland, Glasgow, was the fifth largest. Largest cities in Europe Two cities in Europe had larger urban areas than London, with Istanbul having a population of around **** million and the Russian capital Moscow having a population of over **** million. The city of Paris, located just over 200 miles away from London, was the second-largest city in Europe, with a population of more than **** million people. Paris was followed by London in terms of population size, and then by the Spanish cities of Madrid and Barcelona, at *** million and *** million people, respectively. The Italian capital, Rome, was the next largest city at *** million, followed by Berlin at *** million. London’s population growth Throughout the 1980s, the population of London fluctuated from a high of **** million people in 1981 to a low of **** million inhabitants in 1988. During the 1990s, the population of London increased once again, growing from ****million at the start of the decade to **** million by 1999. London's population has continued to grow since the turn of the century, and despite declining between 2019 and 2021, it reached *** million people in 2023 and is forecast to reach almost *** million by 2047.
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TwitterThis statistic shows the ten largest cities in the United Kingdom in 2021. In 2021, around 8.78 million people lived in London, making it the largest city in the United Kingdom.
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TwitterDigital vector boundaries for Major Towns and Cities in England and Wales in 2015. The Major Towns and Cities (TCITY) statistical geography provides a precise definition of the major towns and cities in England and Wales. The geography has been developed specifically for the production and analysis of statistics, and is based on the Built-Up Areas geography that was created for the release of 2011 Census data. 112 TCITY More ONS 2011 Boundaries can be found here http://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/ All these products are supplied under the Open Government Licence and Ordnance Survey Open Data terms and conditions. Contains both Ordnance Survey and ONS Intellectual Property Rights.
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TwitterIn 2019, passenger arrivals have increased in most major cities. This is in line with the growth in rail journeys seen in recent years.
London remains the city with the highest rail passenger numbers with 8 times more passengers across the day than Birmingham, the city with the second highest.
During peak hours, nearly 233,000 passengers were standing on trains in London. However, morning peak crowding in London is the lowest since 2014.
In other cities, the number of standing passengers was much lower. After London the next highest was Birmingham with 16,800 standing. However, the percentage of passengers standing has grown across six major cities.
Using the PiXC measure, Cardiff had the highest peak crowding level of 3.7% with 1200 passengers over train capacity.
Background information on the rail passenger numbers and crowding statistics and how they are collected can be found in the notes and definitions.
Rail statistics enquiries
Email mailto:rail.stats@dft.gov.uk">rail.stats@dft.gov.uk
Media enquiries 0300 7777 878
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Twitter🇬🇧 영국 English Digital vector boundaries for Major Towns and Cities in England and Wales in 2015. The Major Towns and Cities (TCITY) statistical geography provides a precise definition of the major towns and cities in England and Wales. The geography has been developed specifically for the production and analysis of statistics, and is based on the Built-Up Areas geography that was created for the release of 2011 Census data. 112 TCITY More ONS 2011 Boundaries can be found here http://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/ All these products are supplied under the Open Government Licence and Ordnance Survey Open Data terms and conditions. Contains both Ordnance Survey and ONS Intellectual Property Rights.
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TwitterThis file contains names and codes for Major Towns and Cities (TCITY) in England and Wales as at December 2015. (File size - 16KB). The TCITY statistical geography provides a precise definition of the major towns and cities in England and Wales. The geography has been developed specifically for the production and analysis of statistics, and is based on the Built-Up Areas geography that was created for the release of 2011 Census data. Field Names - TCITYCD, TCITYNM, FID Field Types - Text, Text, Number Field Lengths - 9, 20 FID = The FID, or Feature ID is created by the publication process when the names and codes / lookup products are published to the Open Geography portal. REST URL of Feature Access Service – https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/Major_Towns_and_Cities_Dec_2015_Names_and_Codes_in_England_and_Wales_2022/FeatureServer
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TwitterOpen Government Licence 3.0http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
License information was derived automatically
Towns in England and Wales: towns list, cities list, classification and population data.
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TwitterA story map on how and why the boundaries were made, and a guide to their use for statistics
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TwitterThis file contains the digital vector boundaries for the Major Towns and Cities in England and Wales, as at December 2015. Version 2 includes centroid data in the attributes table.The boundaries available are: (BGG) Generalised Grid (50m) - clipped to the coastline (Mean High Water mark).Contains both Ordnance Survey and ONS Intellectual Property Rights.REST URL of ArcGIS for INSPIRE View Service – https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/Major_Towns_and_Cities_(Dec_2015)_Boundaries_V2/MapServerREST URL of ArcGIS for INSPIRE Feature DownloadService – https://dservices1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/services/Major_Towns_and_Cities_Dec_2015_Boundaries_V2/WFSServer?service=wfs&request=getcapabilitiesREST URL of Feature Access Service – https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/Major_Towns_and_Cities_Dec_2015_Boundaries_V2_2022/FeatureServer
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Twitterhttps://www.ons.gov.uk/methodology/geography/licenceshttps://www.ons.gov.uk/methodology/geography/licences
The document provides a methodological note and user guidance for the ONS Major Towns and Cities. (File Size - 2 MB)
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TwitterOpen Government Licence 3.0http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
License information was derived automatically
National and subnational mid-year population estimates for the UK and its constituent countries by administrative area, age and sex (including components of population change, median age and population density).
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TwitterWhen surveyed in the fourth quarter of 2024, it was found that York was the most popular city in the United Kingdom among residents of the UK. In total, 76 percent of the UK public had a popular opinion of the city, which is famed for its historical architecture.
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TwitterIn the 2024/25 reporting year, West Yorkshire Police reported a crime rate of 114.5 crimes per 1,000 population, the highest crime rate among the provided police force areas whose territories include large cities. Greater Manchester Police reported a crime rate of 108.2 crimes per 1,000 population and had the second-highest crime rate during this year.
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TwitterA best fit lookup between 2011 Output Areas (OA) and Major Towns and Cities (TCITY) as at December 2015 in England and Wales. The TCITY statistical geography provides a precise definition of the major towns and cities in England and Wales. The geography has been developed specifically for the production and analysis of statistics, and is based on the Built-Up Areas geography that was created for the release of 2011 Census data. (File Size - 4 MB). REST URL of Feature Access Service – https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/OA11_TCITY15_EW_LU_65267a69bf06490d81a4ee1458747f48/FeatureServer For more information and an overview of best-fitting follow this link - https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/datasets/f0aac7ccbfd04cda9eb03e353c613faa/about
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TwitterBy 1800, London had grown to be the largest city in Western Europe with just under one million inhabitants. Paris was now the second largest city, with over half a million people, and Naples was the third largest city with 450 thousand people. The only other cities with over two hundred thousand inhabitants at this time were Vienna, Amsterdam and Dublin. Another noticeable development is the inclusion of many more northern cities from a wider variety of countries. The dominance of cities from France and Mediterranean countries was no longer the case, and the dispersal of European populations in 1800 was much closer to how it is today, more than two centuries later.
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TwitterExplore our http://maps.dft.gov.uk/rail-passengers-and-crowding/interactive-dashboard/index.html">interactive dashboard.
In 2018, passenger arrivals have increased in most major cities. This is in line with the growth in rail journeys seen in recent years.
London remains the city with the highest rail passenger numbers with 8 times more passengers across the day than Birmingham, the city with the second highest.
During peak hours, more than 230,000 passengers were standing on trains in London. However, morning peak crowding in London is the lowest since 2014.
In other cities, the number of standing passengers was much lower. After London, the next highest was Birmingham with 17,300 standing. However, the percentage of passengers standing has grown across seven major cities.
Using the PiXC measure, Cambridge had the highest crowding level of 4.8% with 800 passengers over train capacity.
Background information on the rail passenger numbers and crowding statistics and how they are collected can be found in the notes and definitions.
Rail statistics enquiries
Email mailto:rail.stats@dft.gov.uk">rail.stats@dft.gov.uk
Media enquiries 0300 7777 878
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Twitterhttps://www.ons.gov.uk/methodology/geography/licenceshttps://www.ons.gov.uk/methodology/geography/licences
A best fit lookup between 2011 Workplace Zones (WZ) and Major Towns and Cities (TCITY) as at December 2015 in England and Wales. The TCITY statistical geography provides a precise definition of the major towns and cities in England and Wales. The geography has been developed specifically for the production and analysis of statistics, and is based on the Built-up Areas geography that was created for the release of 2011 Census data (File Size 1.3MB).REST URL of Feature Access Service – https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/WZ11_TCITY15_EW_LU_a7a1a2f6feb24aac800596276d82f5ad/FeatureServer
For more information and an overview of best-fitting follow this link - https://geoportal.statistics.gov.uk/datasets/f0aac7ccbfd04cda9eb03e353c613faa/about
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TwitterFollowing a change of methodology minor revisions have been made to the back-series of PiXC statistics from 2011 to 2014. The change has not affected PiXC percentages in 2015, but there have been revisions to the publication to some year-on-year percentage point changes.
Statistics on rail passenger numbers on trains throughout the day in several major cities, as well as the levels of peak crowding in 2015.
These statistics are based on passenger counts carried out by franchised train operators of the numbers of passengers using their services in the autumn period and represent passenger numbers on a ‘typical weekday’. They cover National Rail services only.
The overall level of crowding across the 11 cities included in the statistics has increased, and it is clear that much of the growth has been on routes that are already very busy.
On a typical autumn weekday in 2015:
Background information on the rail passenger numbers and crowding statistics and how they are collected can be found in the notes and definitions.
Rail statistics enquiries
Email mailto:rail.stats@dft.gov.uk">rail.stats@dft.gov.uk
Media enquiries 0300 7777 878
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TwitterThis statistic shows the percentage of green space in major cities in the United Kingdom in 2016. The major Scottish cities of Edinburgh and Glasgow have the highest percentage of green space, with **** and ** percent respectively.
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TwitterThese statistics on transport use are published weekly.
For each day, the Department for Transport produces statistics on domestic transport:
The full time series for these statistics, starting 1 March 2020, is usually published here every Wednesday at 9.30am.
The associated methodology notes set out information on the data sources and methodology used to generate these headline measures.
For the charts previously published alongside daily coronavirus press conferences, please see the slides and datasets to accompany coronavirus press conferences.
| Mode | Publication and link | Latest period covered and next publication |
|---|---|---|
| Road traffic | Road traffic statistics | Quarterly data up to September 2020 was published December 2020. Full annual data up to December 2020 will be published on 28 April 2021. Statistics for the first quarter of 2021 are expected in June 2021. |
| Rail usage | The Office of Rail and Road (ORR) publishes a range of statistics including passenger and freight rail performance and usage. Statistics are available at the https://www.orr.gov.uk/published-statistics" class="govuk-link">ORR website Statistics for rail passenger numbers and crowding on weekdays in major cities in England and Wales are published by DfT | ORR’s quarterly rail usage statistics for 2020 to 2021 were published on 11 March 2021. Quarterly data up to March 2021 and annual data for 2020 to 2021 will be published on 3 June 2021. DfT’s most recent annual passenger numbers and crowding statistics for 2019 were published on 24 September 2020. Statistics for 2020 will be released in summer 2021. |
| Bus usage | Bus statistics | The most recent annual publication covered the year ending March 2020. The data for the year ending March 2021 is due to be published in October 2021. The most recent quarterly publication covered October to December 2020. The data for January to March 2021 is due to be published in June 2021. |
| TFL tube and bus usage | Data on buses is covered by the section above. https://tfl.gov.uk/status-updates/busiest-times-to-travel" class="govuk-link">Station level business data is available. | |
| Cycling usage | Walking and cycling statistics, England | 2019 calendar year 2020 calendar year data is due to be published in August 2021 |
| Cross Modal and journey by purpose | National Travel Survey | 2019 calendar year 2020 calendar year data is due to be published in August 2021 |
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TwitterLondon was by far the largest urban agglomeration in the United Kingdom in 2025, with an estimated population of *** million people, more than three times as large as Manchester, the UK’s second-biggest urban agglomeration. The agglomerations of Birmingham and Leeds / Bradford had the third and fourth-largest populations, respectively, while the biggest city in Scotland, Glasgow, was the fifth largest. Largest cities in Europe Two cities in Europe had larger urban areas than London, with Istanbul having a population of around **** million and the Russian capital Moscow having a population of over **** million. The city of Paris, located just over 200 miles away from London, was the second-largest city in Europe, with a population of more than **** million people. Paris was followed by London in terms of population size, and then by the Spanish cities of Madrid and Barcelona, at *** million and *** million people, respectively. The Italian capital, Rome, was the next largest city at *** million, followed by Berlin at *** million. London’s population growth Throughout the 1980s, the population of London fluctuated from a high of **** million people in 1981 to a low of **** million inhabitants in 1988. During the 1990s, the population of London increased once again, growing from ****million at the start of the decade to **** million by 1999. London's population has continued to grow since the turn of the century, and despite declining between 2019 and 2021, it reached *** million people in 2023 and is forecast to reach almost *** million by 2047.