Around 3.15 million people lived in the Athens metropolitan area, making it the largest metropolitan area in Greece in 2021. The second-most populated metropolitan area, Thessaloniki, had approximately 802,390 inhabitants. At the municipality level, Athens was the largest city in the country with 643,452 residents.

This dataset presents detailed 100-meter LCZ maps for the five most populated cities in Greece (Athens, Thessaloniki, Larissa, Patras, and Heraklion), along with key urban form parameters, such as building height, and height-to-width ratio. These data were developed using a hybrid GIS-based and remote sensing-based framework that incorporates ultra-high-resolution elevation models (0.8 m), supported by Copernicus Earth Observation and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) datasets. Special attention was given to ensure seamless integration with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, enabling highly-resolved numerical weather analysis for the targeted urban areas. This was achieved by including in the dataset city-specific surface and urban canopy properties for each LCZ class, assigned through a Land Use / Land Cover (LU/LC) classification at 100 m spatial resolution in WRF compliant format. The LU/LC data were constructed by integrating the LCZ urban classes with CORINE land cover information for the natural areas.

The dataset is organized into three main directories: (i) Urban_Parameters, (ii) Local_Climate_Zones, and (iii) WRF_Input:(i) The Urban_Parameters directory contains 100-meter GeoTIFF maps of building heights (H) and height-to-width-ratios (H/W) for the five Greek cities., these are projected in UTM Zone 34N (EPSG:32634), except for Heraklion, which is provided in UTM Zone 35N (EPSG: 32635). The file naming convention follows the format: cityName_urbanParameter.tif (e.g., athens_buildingHeight.tif).(ii) The Local_Climate_Zones directory contains 100-meter GeoTIFF LCZ maps for five Greek cities (Athens, Thessaloniki, Larissa, Patras, and Heraklion). These maps include urban LCZ classes corresponding to LCZs 1 to 10 and LCZ E. Similar to the urban parameter’s maps, LCZs are projected in UTM Zone 34N, except for Heraklion (UTM Zone 35N). The file naming convention follows the format: cityName_lcz.tif (e.g., athens_lcz.tif). (iii) The WRF_Input directory is divided into three subdirectories:(a) CLC_LCZ_WRF_tif: This subdirectory contains merged CORINE Land Cover (CLC) and LCZ maps, forming a gridded Land Use / Land Cover (LU/LC) dataset, designed to be used as the input surface classes in WRF modelling. The maps are provided in GeoTIFF format in the same projections as the previous GeoTIFF files. The file naming convention follows the format: cityName_clc_lcz_WRF_version.tif (e.g., athens_clc_lcz_WRF_v1.tif).• Version v1: Applicable to WRF versions prior to WRF version 4.4.2, with LCZs numbered from 31 to 41 • Version v2: Applicable to WRF version 4.4.2. and later versions, with LCZs numbered from 51 to 61. (b) CLC_LCZ_WRF: This subdirectory includes the same LU/LC data as CLC_LCZ_WRF_tif, converted into binary format for compatibility with the WPS (WRF Pre-processing System) system and transformed into geographical coordinates. It is divided into further subdirectories named according to the format cityName_clc_lcz_WRF_version (e.g., athens_clc_lcz_WRF_v1) containing the binary files. The versioning of WRF follows the same logic as described above.(c) Urban_Parameters_WRF: This subdirectory contains city-specific surface and urban canopy properties (e.g., width of streets, building heights) for each LCZ class, stored in WRF compliant look-up tables (URBPARM_LCZ.TBL). The file naming convention for these files is: cityName_URBPARM_LCZ.TBL (e.g., athens_URBPARM_LCZ.TBL).

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Greece town household income by gender. The dataset can be utilized to understand the gender-based income distribution of Greece town income.

Content

The dataset will have the following datasets when applicable

Please note: The 2020 1-Year ACS estimates data was not reported by the Census Bureau due to the impact on survey collection and analysis caused by COVID-19. Consequently, median household income data for 2020 is unavailable for large cities (population 65,000 and above).

• Greece, New York annual median income by work experience and sex dataset : Aged 15+, 2010-2022 (in 2022 inflation-adjusted dollars)
• Greece, New York annual income distribution by work experience and gender dataset (Number of individuals ages 15+ with income, 2022)

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Interested in deeper insights and visual analysis?

Explore our comprehensive data analysis and visual representations for a deeper understanding of Greece town income distribution by gender. You can refer the same here

The strategic development of Kalamata has been focused on two main areas: the restoration of the city's historic urban core and the revitalization of its waterfront, with recent efforts emphasizing the latter. The waterfront's increasing importance in urban development strategies highlights the city's commitment to take action against climate change, as being part of the EU Mission for 100 climate-neutral and smart cities network. The municipality envisions the waterfront as the primary direction for local development, aiming for it to be accessible, responsive, and significant, all while maintaining its unique local character. This paper showcases strategies employed in waterfront redevelopment using six case studies from Cyprus, Greece, Croatia, Denmark, Portugal and the USA. The case studies for Larnaca (Cyprus), Thessaloniki (Greece) and Rijeka (Croatia) were selected because of their proximity to Kalamata in the Mediterranean and their similar weather patterns, cultural traits and social practices. Like Kalamata, the cities of Vijle (Denmark), Viana do Castelo (Portgual) and Annapolis (USA) are small-to-medium sized urban areas, similar in terms of geography and demographics, that offer interesting lessons in sustainable community and economic development along waterfront areas.

The report starts with a brief overview land use, governance, and value capture, explaining why they are important for sustainable urban development. The second section introduces the concept and potential of land readjustment as a tool for urban transformation that can address various challenges such as urban sprawl, climate change, disaster recovery, and social inclusion. The third section presents a comparative analysis of land readjustment policies in different contexts, with a focus on the Japanese case, which is considered a global best practice, and the UN-Habitat's PILAR approach, which is designed for developing countries. Next the attention turns to Greece with a review of the legal framework and implementation process, and then a deep dive into a practical case in Kalamata. This medium-sized city successfully used land replotting for post-disaster reconstruction and urban expansion, with plans to apply the approach to support urban renewal and climate adaptation. The report concludes with key findings and recommendations for improving and expanding the use of land readjustment in Greece and other European countries.

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We cover all regions and cities in the country : Attica Athens Central Greece Lamia Central Macedonia Thessaloniki Crete Heraklion Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Komotini Epirus Ioannina Ionian Islands Corfu North Aegean Mytilene Peloponnese Tripoli South Aegean Ermoupoli Thessaly Larissa Western Greece Patras Western Macedonia Kozani Mount Athos Karyes

The HEAT-ALARM Urban Morphology and Environment Database (UMED) provides ultra-high-resolution data that characterize the landscape, form and function of the five highest populated cities in Greece (Athens, Thessaloniki, Larissa, Patras, Heraklion) for integration in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, versions 4.3-4.4.1 (Skamarock et al., 2021), in order to enable the highly-resolved numerical weather prediction (NWP) over the targeted urban areas as part of the weather forecasting component of the project's heat-health warning system (HHWS). These data include: (a) terrain elevation based on the 3-arc-sec (~ 90 m) horizontal grid resolution SRTM (shuttle radar topography mission) data, version 4.1 (Jarvis et al., 2008), (b) land use/land cover (LU/LC) at 100 m spatial resolution, constructed by combining CORINE land cover data (CLC – Feranec et al., 2016) and Local Climate Zone (LCZ – Stewart and Oke, 2012) classification, and (c) city-specific surface and urban canopy properties (e.g., width of streets, albedo of roofs) for each LCZ class, assigned in look-up tables (URBPARM_LCZ.TBL). Along with UMED, the GEOGRID.TBL.ARW_HEAT-ALARM is provided for assisting the WRF implementation with the above data.

Considering that such finely detailed data have been incorporated in modeling studies only in Athens so far (e.g. Giannaros et al., 2014; Agathangelidis et al., 2019; Giannaros et al., 2018, 2023), the development and distribution of UMED in the framework of HEAT-ALARM constitutes an important step towards the creation of an open-access national urban dataset in Greece that can be used for accurately describing and modeling the urban environments under various applications.

More information on the data generation and their use within the WRF-urban modeling framework can be found at: https://osf.io/p2qrd.

Compared to the previous version, this version includes minor bug fixes related to the look-up tables providing the surface and urban canopy properties (URBPARM_LCZ_HEAT-ALARM.zip).

References

Agathangelidis, I., Cartalis, C., Santamouris, M., 2019. Integrating Urban Form, Function, and Energy Fluxes in a Heat Exposure Indicator in View of Intra-Urban Heat Island Assessment and Climate Change Adaptation. Clim. . https://doi.org/10.3390/cli7060075

Feranec, J., Soukup, T., Hazeu, G., & Jaffrain, G. (Eds.), 2016. European Landscape Dynamics: CORINE Land Cover Data (1st ed.). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315372860

Giannaros, C., Agathangelidis, I., Papavasileiou, G., Galanaki, E., Kotroni, V., Lagouvardos, K., Giannaros, T.M., Cartalis, C., Matzarakis, A., 2023. The extreme heat wave of July–August 2021 in the Athens urban area (Greece): Atmospheric and human-biometeorological analysis exploiting ultra-high resolution numerical modeling and the local climate zone framework. Sci. Total Environ. 857, 159300. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159300

Giannaros, C., Nenes, A., Giannaros, T.M., Kourtidis, K., Melas, D., 2018. A comprehensive approach for the simulation of the Urban Heat Island effect with the WRF/SLUCM modeling system: The case of Athens (Greece). Atmos. Res. 201, 86–101. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.10.015

Giannaros, T.M., Melas, D., Daglis, I.A., Keramitsoglou, I., 2014. Development of an operational modeling system for urban heat islands: An application to Athens, Greece. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 14, 347–358. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-347-2014

Jarvis, A., Reuter, H.I., Nelson, A., Guevara, E., 2008. Hole-filled SRTM for the globe, version 4, available from the CGIAR-CSI SRTM 90 m database (http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org)

Skamarock, W.C., Klemp, J.B., Dudhia, J., Gill, D.O., Liu, Z., Berner, J., Wang, W., Power, J.G., Duda, M.G., Backer, D.M., Huang, X.Y., 2021. A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Model Version 4.3. NCAR Technical Note (NCAR/TN-556+STR), Boulder, Colorando, USA. Available online: http://dx.doi.org/10.5065/1dfh-6p97

Stewart, I.D., Oke, T.R., 2012. Local climate zones for urban temperature studies. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 93, 1879–1900. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00019.1

The annual number of passengers of the Athens' three-lined subway system remained almost stable between 2015 to 2019. In 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the ridership of the metro network dropped by ** percent, compared to 2019 levels. Athens is the capital and largest city in Greece.

The population of Istanbul generally increased between 2007 and 2024, with some fluctuations from 2019 to 2023. During this period, the population of Istanbul went up by over ***** million people, rising from ***** million in 2007 to **** million in 2024. Istanbul is by far the most crowded city Turkey has a dynamic population that increases every year. Even though the population growth rate has decreased in recent years, it has always shown positive values. With a population reaching ** million, the most crowded Turkish city, Istanbul, has more inhabitants than many European countries, such as Austria, Greece, Bulgaria, and Belgium. Additionally, Ankara was the second most settled city in the country. The capital city of Turkey had a population of almost ********* of Istanbul’s, totaling **** million. Turkish women live longer than men In Turkey, the population has been tracked digitally by the Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS) every year. The total population hit over ** million as of 2023, of whom over **** million were women. Considering the gender distribution, ***** percent of the country’s residents consisted of men. Interestingly, the share of women in Turkish society was significantly higher than that of men among the older age groups.