The Romanian city with the most permanent residents in 2023 was Bucharest, with over 2.14 million inhabitants. Iași was the second largest city, populated by around 392.6 thousand people, followed by Cluj-Napoca and Timișoara.

This statistic shows the biggest cities in Romania in 2021. In 2021, approximately **** million people lived in București, also known as Bucharest, making it the biggest city in Romania.

The city with the highest pollution index in Romania in 2025 was Bucharest, with an index of 75.4, followed by Iasi. Brasov ranked fifth, with a pollution index of 35.7.

Population in largest city in Romania was reported at 1767520 in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Romania - Population in largest city - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on August of 2025.

The Cultural Vitality of Cities in Romania is a study conducted by the National Institute for Cultural Research and Training with data collected for five categories of indicators, for the period 2010-2016 at the level of 46 cities, which we consider the main poles of cultural development/potential for cultural development, except for Bucharest which was not included in the analysis due to the special nature of the level of cultural facilities and services that dominate the rest of the cities in terms of cultural vitality. The cultural vitality of cities speaks about the cultural potential of local communities and highlights the development of cities on a cultural level. Vitality indices reflect cultural infrastructure, cultural participation, budget expenditure allocated to the cultural sector, specialised human resources and creative industries in the most important cities in the country. In the top of cultural vitality there are also appearances of cities with a spectacular evolution, being cases where propulsion in the top was achieved due to a certain category of indicators rather than a general picture of strong elements of vitality. This is the case for cities such as Craiova, Satu Mare, Târgu Jiu, Bistrita, Sfântu Gheorghe. Studies can be found on the INCFC website: https://www.culturadata.ro/publicatii/

Nearly ** percent of respondents stated that health services was the most important issue in their city in 2020, followed by air pollution and road infrastructure. At the same time, ** percent of Romanian respondents complained about the lack of green spaces in their city, and seven percent were concerned about the architectural quality of the buildings in their city.

Graph and download economic data for Geographical Outreach: Number of Branches in 3 Largest Cities, Excluding Headquarters, for Credit Unions and Financial Cooperatives for Romania (ROUFCBODULNUM) from 2008 to 2015 about branches, credit unions, Romania, financial, and depository institutions.

The city in Romania with the highest crime index was Constanta with ****, it was followed by Craiova, with an index value of ****. These values are high, given that the higher the index value, the higher the level of crime. Nevertheless, theses values are way above the overall crime index in Romania, which by 2024 increased to *****.

Nearly four out of ten respondents were of the opinion that real estate prices in the main cities in Romania would stay the same in 2021. However, ** percent of respondents expected real estate prices to decrease in the next 12 months.

Abstract

The survey is the follow-up of the Diagnostic Review on Consumer Protection and Financial Literacy conducted by the World Bank in 2008-2009. The Diagnostic Review in Romania was the fourth in a World Bank-sponsored pilot program to assess consumer protection and financial literacy in developing and middle-income countries.1 The objectives of this Review were three-fold to: (1) refine a set of good practices for assessing consumer protection and financial literacy, including financial literacy; (2) conduct a review of the existing rules and practices in Romania compared to the good practices; and (3) provide recommendations on ways to improve consumer protection and financial literacy in Romania. The Diagnostic Review was prepared at the request of the National Authority for Consumers' Protection (ANPC), whose request was endorsed by the Ministry of Economy and Finance. Support was provided by the National Bank of Romania (BNR), which supervises banks and non-bank credit institutions. Further assistance was given by the supervisory commissions for securities (CNVM), insurance (CSA) and private pensions (CSSPP).

The Diagnostic Review found that the basic foundations needed for consumer protection and financial literacy are in place in Romania but they benefit from further strengthening support. The Review proposes improvements in six areas: consumer awareness, information and disclosure for consumers, professional competence, dispute resolution, financial education and financial literacy surveys.

Consequently, in 2010 the World Bank commissioned a nation-wide survey of the levels of financial literacy. A consultant (sociologist Manuela Sofia Stanculescu) developed the survey methodology (sampling methodology and questionnaire) in line with the Financial Literacy Survey in Russia (the World Bank, 2008) and the baseline survey Financial Capability in the UK (Financial Services Authority, 2005).2 The final form of the questionnaire was agreed with representatives of the National Bank of Romania (BNR), the Romanian Banking Institute (IBR), the National Authority for Consumers' Protection (ANPC), and the Financial Companies Association in Romania (ALB). The Institute for World Economy (Romanian Academy) collected the data in May 2010.

The main objective of this work is the establishment (and later the evaluation) of a well targeted national program of financial education.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

Household, individual

Universe

Non-institutionalized persons aged 18 or older

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample of the survey is probabilistic, two-stage, stratified, representative at national level with an error of +/- 3% at a 95% confidence level.

The sample is based on two stratification criteria: (i) historical region (8 regions) and (ii) type of locality (7 types depending on the city size, in urban areas, and on the synthetic index of community development,4 in the rural ones).

The sample volume is 2048,5 out of which 148 cases represent a boost of persons aged 16, 17 or those had their 18th birthday after November 2009.6 Respondents were randomly selected from electoral registers corresponding to 185 voting sections (randomly selected), located in 141 localities (77 communes, 63 towns/cities and the capital Bucharest).

The sample includes a slight over-representation of men, rural respondents, and elderly particularly due to the boost of young but also to the fact that people left abroad concentrate among the 25-44 age category. Nevertheless, the sample fairly reproduces the structure (by gender, age categories and area of residence) of the country population 16+ years according to the data for 2009 provided by the National Institute for Statistics. Socio-demographic structure of the sample is presented in table 3 of the survey report.

Demographic data and data regarding the use of financial services were collected for all members of respondents? households. In the respondents? households live 5406 persons overall. This extended sample has also a slight over-representation of rural respondents and an under-representation of children (0-14 years) and persons 25-24 years (most probably young people who left abroad with children).

MORE INFORMATION ON THE SAMPLING METHODOLOGY

Sample volume: 2,200 non-institutionalized persons aged 18 or older. In addition, the sample will be boosted with 180 persons aged 16-18 years old. Overall, at least 2,000 valid questionnaires should be completed during fieldwork.

Type of the sample: Probabilistic, two-stage, stratified, representative at national level, with an error of +/- 2.8% at a 95% confidence level.

Stratification criteria: The sampling scheme is based on two stratification criteria

(a) Historical region (8 regions) (b) Type of locality, with 7 theoretical strata

i. Urban areas - 4 strata 1. very small towns under 30 thou inhabitants 2. small towns 30,001-100 thou inhabitants 3. medium cities 100,001-199 thou inhabitants 4. large cities 200 thou inhabitants or more

ii. Rural areas - 3 strata determined based on the synthetic index of community development 37 1. poor communes (the 30% communes with the lowest level of development within the country) 2. medium developed communes 3. developed communes (the 30% communes with the highest level of development within the country).

Sampling stages: The sampling scheme includes two stages.

Sampling units: There are two sampling units corresponding to the two sampling stages. In the first sampling stage, voting sections are selected and in the second stage, non-institutionalized persons aged 18 years or more.

Selection: Random selection in all sampling stages.

Sampling scheme: In the first stage the sample is distributed proportionally with the volume of population for each of the 56(= 8 x 7) theoretical strata different from zero.

The corresponding number of voting sections for each strata is determined taking into account on the one hand, the volume of each strata sub-sample (= sample size x share of total population in that strata) and, on the other hand, a minimum level of 10 questionnaires for each sampling point. The voting sections which will represent sampling points are then randomly selected based on the exhaustive national list of voting sections (the latest available from the Permanent Electoral Authority).

The sample has 188 sampling points (voting sections) of which 104 are in urban areas, and 84 are in rural localities, including the capital city.

For each sampling point is computed the number of corresponding questionnaires by dividing the strata sub-sample by the number of sampling points of that strata. In the second sampling stage, the electoral registers corresponding to the voting sections (selected as sampling points) are used as sampling frame. Non-institutionalized persons aged 18 or more are randomly selected from the electoral registers based on the mechanical step method.

In those localities where the electoral registers are not available (or the municipality do not grant access), the random route method will be used. All these cases will be specified and explained in the fieldwork report, except for Bucharest, where the random route method will be used for all voting sections, as the rate of replacement from electoral registers is high in all national representative surveys.

The electoral registers include only persons 18 years or more. Accordingly, the sample will include a boost of persons aged 16, 17 or persons that had their 18th birthday after November 2009.39 For each voting section, one person aged 16-18 years will be added. They will be selected based on the random route method.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Response rate

The overall response rate of the survey is 95.2%. More detailed information is provided in "Table 2 Response rates and quality of the sampling frame by sampling method (%) " of the survey report.

The purpose of this research is to identify the best time of year for open-air tourism in ten of Romania's most populated cities. The climate conditions were assessed using the enhanced tourism climate index (ETCI) on a temporal scale of 10 days over 61 years (1961-2021) to determine the best times of year for outdoor tourism. For observing any change, we compared the last 10 years (2012-2021) to the entire period of the current study. Daily mean temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, precipitation and sunshine, maximum temperature, and minimum relative humidity were employed. The trend detection methods were the Mann-Kendall test combined with Sen’s slope and the parameters considered for change detection were the frequency of days ranked as good, very good, excellent and ideal for outdoor tourism; the duration of the occurrence period, the first and the last day of occurrence of each class. We found that the most appropriate weather for open-air tourism usually begins in the third 10-day period of April and ends during the second 10-day period of October. This study could become an extremely useful tool for better planning events for tourism and recreation in the short and mid-term.

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We cover all regions and cities in the country ( example) :

Transylvania Banat & Crisana Bucovina & Moldova Dobrogea Maramures Walachia Main Cities Bucharest Alba Iulia Arad Baia Mare Brasov Braila Cluj-Napoca Constanta Craiova Deva Galati Iasi Oradea Satu Mare Sibiu Sighisoara Suceava Timisoara Targu Jiu Targu Mures Tulcea

This statistic shows the degree of urbanization in Romania from 2013 to 2023. Urbanization means the share of urban population in the total population of a country. In 2023, 54.67 percent of Romania's total population lived in urban areas and cities. The shrinking population of Romania About half of Romania's population lives in urban areas, with the largest city and capital Bucharest only having about 1.9 million inhabitants - not very much considering that Romania reported a population of about 20 million people in 2015. Bucharest is also significantly larger than any of the other small cities around the country, which only have close to or less than 300,000 inhabitants each. The fact that Romania has not urbanized to the same level of most developed countries is an indicator that the country is still developing. As Romania progresses, it has an important advantage over other developing nations: It is a member of the European Union, and thus has access to the European market. However, unlike other developing countries, the Romanian population is decreasing and expected to shrink by more than half a million by 2020. This is caused by a low fertility rate, which is less than the replacement rate, by emigration and by an aging population. The median age of the Romanian population is expected to increase to as high as 44 years in 2020. A contributing factor to this may be the fact that while the older generation stays in Romania, the younger people migrate to other countries within the European Union which have stronger economies and more employment opportunities than Romania.

More than ***** out *** Romanians believed that developing good transport connections with other cities in Romania as well as for abroad would be a very important matter in the next ten years. At the same time, on the long term, there should be a better business environment, investments in new technologies and innovations in the Romanian cities.

As of 2023, almost half of Romania's video game developer studios were based in the capital Bucharest (*** studios), followed by Cluj-Napoca with ** studios. Other major Romanian cities that were active in the gaming sector were Iași, Timișoara, Ilfov and Brașov.

Retail park deliveries continue to have an increasing trend. Developers consider both surrounding areas of large cities, as well as smaller cities or cities where they bring for the first time a form of modern retail. It is forecasted that by the end of 2023 the annual retail park supply will reach ******* square meters.

The number of individual dwelling transactions has fluctuated in the past few years, reaching the lowest number in 2019 at *******, and the highest peak recorded in 2021–*******. Bucharest was by far the most busy real estate market, accounting for **** percent of total transactions. Out of all the large cities, only Pitesti and Ploiesti had a positive number of transactions growth compared to 2022—up by ** percent each.

In 2019, Bucharest was the city with the highest gross domestic product in Romania, totaling nearly *** billion Romanian lei. It was followed by Cluj and Timis, each with a GDP of approximately ** billion Romanian lei.

Romania's industrial and logistics real estate market showed robust growth in 2023, with average rents reaching *** euros per square meter. This figure reflects the increasing demand for industrial space across the country, particularly in major cities like Bucharest and Cluj-Napoca. The capital city, Bucharest, commanded the highest rent at *** euros per square meter, underscoring its position as the primary hub for industrial and logistics operations in Romania. Expanding industrial landscape The industrial sector in Romania has been experiencing significant expansion. By 2024, the country's modern industrial stock reached *** million square m, with ******* square m of new leasable space added, which represents a ** percent increase compared to 2023. Bucharest continued to dominate the market, accounting for ** percent of the new industrial supply. The growth trend is expected to continue, with an additional ******* square m projected to be completed by the end of 2024. Regional centers attractive to investors While Bucharest remains the focal point of industrial and logistics activities, other regions are also seeing development. The Western and North-Western regions collectively held about **** percent of the total stock. Cities like Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara, and Brașov are attracting investments, with rental rates slightly lower than the capital. In terms of available space, over ******* square m were ready for rent in 2023, with Bucharest holding nearly ** percent of this stock. Timișoara followed as the second most available market with ****** square m, indicating growing interest in regional industrial hubs.

The largest investments made in the commercial real estate business in the second quarter of 2024 in Bucharest were made in the industrial sector - *** million euros, showing a continuing interest in retail parks in metropolitan areas of big cities. However, there were no investments in the office sector, compared to the first quarter of the year when **** million euros were invested.