Sukuma was the largest ethnic group in Tanzania as of 2021. Around 17.5 percent of the surveyed population identified themselves as from the Bantu ethnic group. Nearly six percent belonged to the Ha group, while 4.1 percent were from the Gogo group. About 1.3 percent of the respondents identified themselves as Tanzanians only or reported that they don't think of themselves in terms of ethnic communities, cultural groups, or tribes. Overall, around 130 ethnic groups are estimated to live in Tanzania.

Religion adoption varied across residential areas in Tanzania as of 2021. In urban regions, over 40 percent of respondents declared being Muslims, while this share stood at nearly 25 percent in rural areas. In urban and rural regions, around 15 percent and 14 percent of the surveyed population, respectively, identified as Christians only. Among Christian religions, Roman Catholic was the most followed - by 27 percent of respondents in rural areas and 20.8 percent in urban areas.

According to projections, some 63 percent of the population in Tanzania was affiliated to Christianity in 2020. Muslims constituted the second largest religious group, accounting for 34.1 percent of the Tanzanian population.

Abstract

The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics. The surveys have been undertaken at periodic intervals since 1999. The Afrobarometer's coverage has increased over time. Round 1 (1999-2001) initially covered 7 countries and was later extended to 12 countries. Round 2 (2002-2004) surveyed citizens in 16 countries. Round 3 (2005-2006) 18 countries, Round 4 (2008) 20 countries, Round 5 (2011-2013) 34 countries, Round 6 (2014-2015) 36 countries, and Round 7 (2016-2018) 34 countries. The survey covered 34 countries in Round 8 (2019-2021).

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Individual

Universe

Citizens of Tanzania who are 18 years and older

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Afrobarometer uses national probability samples designed to meet the following criteria. Samples are designed to generate a sample that is a representative cross-section of all citizens of voting age in a given country. The goal is to give every adult citizen an equal and known chance of being selected for an interview. They achieve this by:

• using random selection methods at every stage of sampling; • sampling at all stages with probability proportionate to population size wherever possible to ensure that larger (i.e., more populated) geographic units have a proportionally greater probability of being chosen into the sample.

The sampling universe normally includes all citizens age 18 and older. As a standard practice, we exclude people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories, patients in hospitals, and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Occasionally, we must also exclude people living in areas determined to be inaccessible due to conflict or insecurity. Any such exclusion is noted in the technical information report (TIR) that accompanies each data set.

Sample size and design Samples usually include either 1,200 or 2,400 cases. A randomly selected sample of n=1200 cases allows inferences to national adult populations with a margin of sampling error of no more than +/-2.8% with a confidence level of 95 percent. With a sample size of n=2400, the margin of error decreases to +/-2.0% at 95 percent confidence level.

The sample design is a clustered, stratified, multi-stage, area probability sample. Specifically, we first stratify the sample according to the main sub-national unit of government (state, province, region, etc.) and by urban or rural location.

Area stratification reduces the likelihood that distinctive ethnic or language groups are left out of the sample. Afrobarometer occasionally purposely oversamples certain populations that are politically significant within a country to ensure that the size of the sub-sample is large enough to be analysed. Any oversamples is noted in the TIR.

Sample stages Samples are drawn in either four or five stages:

Stage 1: In rural areas only, the first stage is to draw secondary sampling units (SSUs). SSUs are not used in urban areas, and in some countries they are not used in rural areas. See the TIR that accompanies each data set for specific details on the sample in any given country. Stage 2: We randomly select primary sampling units (PSU). Stage 3: We then randomly select sampling start points. Stage 4: Interviewers then randomly select households. Stage 5: Within the household, the interviewer randomly selects an individual respondent. Each interviewer alternates in each household between interviewing a man and interviewing a woman to ensure gender balance in the sample.

To keep the costs and logistics of fieldwork within manageable limits, eight interviews are clustered within each selected PSU.

Tanzania - Sample size: 2,398 - Sampling Frame: 2012 National Population and Housing Census produced by the Tanzania National Bureau of Statistics - Sample design: Nationally representative, random, clustered, stratified, multi-stage area probability sample - Stratification: Region and rural-urban location - Stages: PSUs (from strata), start points, households, respondents - PSU selection: Probability Proportionate to Population Size (PPPS) - Cluster size: 8 households per PSU - Household selection: Randomly selected start points, followed by walk pattern using 5/10 interval - Respondent selection: Gender quota filled by alternating interviews between men and women; respondents of appropriate gender listed, after which computer randomly selects individual

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The Round 8 questionnaire has been developed by the Questionnaire Committee after reviewing the findings and feedback obtained in previous Rounds, and securing input on preferred new topics from a host of donors, analysts, and users of the data.

The questionnaire consists of three parts: 1. Part 1 captures the steps for selecting households and respondents, and includes the introduction to the respondent and (pp.1-4). This section should be filled in by the Fieldworker. 2. Part 2 covers the core attitudinal and demographic questions that are asked by the Fieldworker and answered by the Respondent (Q1 – Q100). 3. Part 3 includes contextual questions about the setting and atmosphere of the interview, and collects information on the Fieldworker. This section is completed by the Fieldworker (Q101 – Q123).

Response rate

Outcome rates: - Contact rate: 97% - Cooperation rate: 88% - Refusal rate: 1% - Response rate: 85%

Sampling error estimates

The sample size yields country-level results with a margin of error of +/-2 percentage points at a 95% confidence level.

The UNHCR standardized expanded nutrition surveys (SENS) were conducted in the three refugee camps located in Kigoma region, the western part of Tanzania. The region has been receiving waves of refugees usually fleeing their countries particularly Burundi and the Republic Democratic of Congo (DRC) for decades now. During the surveys, Kigoma region was mainly hosting 260,906 refugees including; 58,077 Congolese in Nyarugusu old camp, 84,028 Burundians in Nyarugusu new camp, 84,691 Burundians in Nduta and 34,110 Burundians in Mtendeli camp. The under-five population was 54,395 in total including; 11,118 in Nyarugusu old camp, 16,861 in Nyarugusu new camp, 18,649 in Nduta and 7,767 in Mtendeli. Camps are located closer to host communities and to some extent the ethnical characteristics resembles especially between Burundians and the ethnic group of “Waha”, the majority in Kasulu and Kibondo districts. Unlike in previous years, the upgraded UNHCR SENS from version 2 (2013) to version 3 (2019) was piloted for the first time in Kigoma region, Tanzania between September and October 2019. In this version, seven modules were considered namely; Demography, Anthropometry and Health, Anaemia, Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF), Food Security, Mosquito Net Coverage and Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH).

Language skills and stays abroad. Socio-economic and demographic questions.

Topics: Language skills: mother tongue; other language (s); household language; preferred radio language; self-assessment of English language skills (understanding); stay abroad; countries/regions and purpose of the stay abroad.

Socio-economic and demographic questions: sex; religion; ethnic background; age (open and categorised); highest level of education; main breadwinner; current employment status of respondent and main breadwinner; current employment status of respondent and main breadwinner; current or last profession of respondent and main breadwinner; professional sector of respondent and main breadwinner; authority to issue instructions; employer function; evaluation of household standard of living; net household income; building materials of the house; house ownership; availability of electricity and running water; household equipment (livestock, production of cash crops and food crops, refrigerator, cooker, electric fan, bicycle, motorbike, car or truck, tractor).

was coded additionally: questionnaire ID; settlement size; region; interview language; interviewers´ estimated age of respondent; weighting factors.

Abstract

The Afrobarometer is a comparative series of public attitude surveys that assess African citizen's attitudes to democracy and governance, markets, and civil society, among other topics. The initial (Round 1) survey covered 7 countries.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Individuals

Universe

The sample universe for Afrobarometer surveys includes all citizens of voting age within the country. In other words, we exclude anyone who is not a citizen and anyone who has not attained this age (usually 18 years) on the day of the survey. Also excluded are areas determined to be either inaccessible or not relevant to the study, such as those experiencing armed conflict or natural disasters, as well as national parks and game reserves. As a matter of practice, we have also excluded people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories and persons in prisons or nursing homes.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

Sampling Afrobarometer uses national probability samples designed to meet the following criteria. Samples are designed to generate a sample that is a representative cross-section of all citizens of voting age in a given country. The goal is to give every adult citizen an equal and known chance of being selected for an interview. They achieve this by: - using random selection methods at every stage of sampling; - sampling at all stages with probability proportionate to population size wherever possible to ensure that larger (i.e., more populated) geographic units have a proportionally greater probability of being chosen into the sample.

The sampling universe normally includes all citizens age 18 and older. As a standard practice, we exclude people living in institutionalized settings, such as students in dormitories, patients in hospitals, and persons in prisons or nursing homes. Occasionally, we must also exclude people living in areas determined to be inaccessible due to conflict or insecurity. Any such exclusion is noted in the technical information report (TIR) that accompanies each data set.

Sample size and design Samples usually include either 1,200 or 2,400 cases. A randomly selected sample of n=1200 cases allows inferences to national adult populations with a margin of sampling error of no more than +/-2.8% with a confidence level of 95 percent. With a sample size of n=2400, the margin of error decreases to +/-2.0% at 95 percent confidence level. The sample design is a clustered, stratified, multi-stage, area probability sample. Specifically, we first stratify the sample according to the main sub-national unit of government (state, province, region, etc.) and by urban or rural location.

Area stratification reduces the likelihood that distinctive ethnic or language groups are left out of the sample. Afrobarometer occasionally purposely oversamples certain populations that are politically significant within a country to ensure that the size of the sub-sample is large enough to be analysed. Any oversamples is noted in the TIR.

Sample stages Samples are drawn in either four or five stages: Stage 1: In rural areas only, the first stage is to draw secondary sampling units (SSUs). SSUs are not used in urban areas, and in some countries, they are not used in rural areas. See the TIR that accompanies each data set for specific details on the sample in any given country. Stage 2: We randomly select primary sampling units (PSU). Stage 3: We then randomly select sampling start points. Stage 4: Interviewers then randomly select households. Stage 5: Within the household, the interviewer randomly selects an individual respondent. Each interviewer alternates in each household between interviewing a man and interviewing a woman to ensure gender balance in the sample.

To keep the costs and logistics of fieldwork within manageable limits, eight interviews are clustered within each selected PSU.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

In September 2021, over one-third of international visitors in Zanzibar, Tanzania, were from France, Poland, and United States. Around 3.6 thousand French tourists visited the archipelago, followed by 3.1 thousand Polish visitors, and 2.4 thousand Americans. Overall, Zanzibar recorded 25.8 thousand international arrivals in the same period.