With a Gross Domestic Product of over 4.18 trillion Euros, the German economy was by far the largest in Europe in 2023. The similarly sized economies of the United Kingdom and France were the second and third largest economies in Europe during this year, followed by Italy and Spain. The smallest economy in this statistic is that of the small Balkan nation of Montenegro, which had a GDP of 5.7 billion Euros. In this year, the combined GDP of the 27 member states that compose the European Union amounted to approximately 17.1 trillion Euros. The big five Germany’s economy has consistently had the largest economy in Europe since 1980, even before the reunification of West and East Germany. The United Kingdom, by contrast, has had mixed fortunes during the same period and had a smaller economy than Italy in the late 1980s. The UK also suffered more than the other major economies during the recession of the late 2000s, meaning the French economy was the second largest on the continent for some time afterward. The Spanish economy was continually the fifth-largest in Europe in this 38-year period, and from 2004 onwards, has been worth more than one trillion Euros. The smallest GDP, the highest economic growth in Europe Despite having the smallerst GDP of Europe, Montenegro emerged as the fastest growing economy in the continent, achieving an impressive annual growth rate of 4.5 percent, surpassing Turkey's growth rate of 4 percent. Overall,this Balkan nation has shown a remarkable economic recovery since the 2010 financial crisis, with its GDP projected to grow by 28.71 percent between 2024 and 2029. Contributing to this positive trend are successful tourism seasons in recent years, along with increased private consumption and rising imports. Europe's economic stagnation Malta, Albania, Iceland, and Croatia were among the countries reporting some of the highest growth rates this year. However, Europe's overall performance reflected a general slowdown in growth compared to the trend seen in 2021, during the post-pandemic recovery. Estonia experienced the sharpest negative growth in 2023, with its economy shrinking by 2.3% compared to 2022, primarily due to the negative impact of sanctions placed on its large neighbor, Russia. Other nations, including Sweden, Germany, and Finland, also recorded slight negative growth.

This is the replication package for "China, Europe and the Great Divergence: A Study in Historical national Accounting". As a result of recent advances in historical national accounting, estimates of GDP per capita are now available for a number of European economies back to the medieval period, including Britain, the Netherlands, Italy and Spain. The approach has also been extended to Asian economies, including India and Japan. So far, however, China, which has been at the center of the Great Divergence debate, has been absent from this approach. This paper adds China to the picture and shows that the Great Divergence began earlier than originally suggested by the California School, but later than implied by older Eurocentric writers.

Since 1980, Europe's largest economies have consistently been France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom, although the former Soviet Union's economy was the largest in the 1980s, and Russia's economy has been larger than Spain's since 2010. Since Soviet dissolution, Germany has always had the largest economy in Europe, while either France or the UK has had the second largest economy depending on the year. Italy's economy was of a relatively similar size to that of the UK and France until the mid 2000s when it started to diverge, resulting in a difference of approximately 800 billion U.S dollars by 2018. Russia's economy had overtaken both Italy and Spain's in 2012, but has fallen since 2014 due to the drop in international oil prices and the economic sanctions imposed for its annexation of Crimea - economic growth is expected to be comparatively low in Russia in the coming years due to the economic fallout of its invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

In 2023, the unemployment rate of Europe's five largest economies ranged from 3.3 percent in Germany, to 12.1 percent in Spain. Throughout this provided time period, unemployment has consistently been lowest in Germany, and with the exception of 2005, 2006, and 2007, highest in Spain, when Germany briefly had a higher unemployment rate.

This paper investigates very long-run preindustrial economic development. New annual GDP per capita data for six European countries over the last seven hundred years paint a clearer picture of the history of European economic development. We confirm that sustained growth has been a recent phenomenon, but reject the argument that there was no long-run growth in living standards before the Industrial Revolution. Instead, the evidence demonstrates the existence of numerous periods of economic growth before the nineteenth century—periods of unsustained, but raising GDP per capita. We also show that many of the economies experienced substantial economic decline. Thus, rather than being stagnant, pre-nineteenth century European economies experienced a great deal of change. Finally, we offer some evidence that, from the nineteenth century, these economies increased the likelihood of being in a phase of economic growth and reduced the risk of being in a phase of economic decline.

This dataset provides values for GDP PER CAPITA PPP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

The real gross domestic product (GDP) of Malta is estimated to have grown by *** percent in 2023 and is projected to grow a further **** percent in 2024, which are the highest growth rates across all European countries for each year. In comparison, Estonia, Austria, Finland, and Ireland all had *************** rates in 2023.

In 2023 the gross domestic product of the European Union amounted to approximately 17.1 trillion euros. GDP is the total value of all goods and services produced in a country within a year. It is an important indicator of the economic strength of a country. The financial crisis and its aftermath The European Union is a union made up of 27 states located within and around Europe, including several of the world’s largest economies. Since its inception in 1993, the European Union has displayed the benefits of uniting several countries together, however have also showed possible consequences. The majority of European countries felt the aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis and afterwards the Eurozone crisis, which has had a severe and continuous effect on the general European economy. Additionally, due to the close association between all the countries, several banks around different European countries were forced to shut down. A generally lower standard of life in the EU, particularly around 2009 during the prime of both economical disasters, led to doubt and uncertainty about the future of many European families and consumers. However, as the economic situation all around the world slowly improved, so did the outlook on the future for most consumers. Struggles around Europe resulted in a larger need to stimulate the economy, which was only possible by borrowing and spending more money. As a result, national debt soared. It was also necessary for more economically successful countries to help finance countries that were deep in the crisis, such as Greece.

Graph and download economic data for OECD based Recession Indicators for Four Big European Countries from the Peak through the Trough (DISCONTINUED) (4BIGEURORECDM) from 1960-02-01 to 2022-08-31 about 4 Big European Countries, peak, trough, and recession indicators.

Across the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and the European Union, gross domestic products (GDP) decreased in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, by 2021, growth rates were positive in all four areas again. The United Kingdom, Germany, and the European Union all experiencing slow economic growth in 2023 amid high inflation, with Germany even seeing an economic recession. GDP and its components GDP refers to the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country per year. It is composed of government spending, consumption, business investments and net exports. It is an important indicator to measure the economic strength of a country. Economists rely on a variety of factors when predicting the future performance of the GDP. Inflation rate is one of the economic indicators providing insight into the future behavior of households, which make up a significant proportion of GDP. Projections are based on the past performance of such information. Future considerations Some factors can be more easily predicted than others. For example, projections of the annual inflation rate of the United States are easy to come by. However, the intensity and impact of something like Brexit is difficult to predict. Moreover, the occurrence and impact of events such as the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia's war in Ukraine is difficult to foresee. Hence, actual GDP growth may be higher or lower than the original estimates.

European Union gdp growth rate for 2023 was 0.43%, a 3.07% decline from 2022.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>European Union gdp growth rate for 2022 was <strong>3.50%</strong>, a <strong>2.86% decline</strong> from 2021.</li>
<li>European Union gdp growth rate for 2021 was <strong>6.36%</strong>, a <strong>11.93% increase</strong> from 2020.</li>
<li>European Union gdp growth rate for 2020 was <strong>-5.58%</strong>, a <strong>7.45% decline</strong> from 2019.</li>
</ul>Annual percentage growth rate of GDP at market prices based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2010 U.S. dollars. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources.

This dataset provides values for GOVERNMENT DEBT TO GDP reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Germany is the country in the European Union which collects the greatest tax revenues each year, with Europe's largest economy collecting almost 1.6 trillion euros in taxes and social security contributions in 2022. France and Italy are the second and third largest tax collectors in terms of revenues in the EU, however, the gap between the two countries had been growing since 2009, as the stagnation of the Italian economy in the past 15 years has limited increases in tax revenues.

Eurocoin Leading Indicator data was reported at 0.250 Number in Apr 2025. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.250 Number for Mar 2025. Eurocoin Leading Indicator data is updated monthly, averaging 0.160 Number from Dec 2019 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 65 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.360 Number in Mar 2021 and a record low of -1.590 Number in Aug 2020. Eurocoin Leading Indicator data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Italy. The data is categorized under Global Database’s European Union – Table EU.S: Bank of Italy: Eurocoin Leading Indicators: Euro Area.

DG ECFIN's economic forecasts concentrate on the EU, its individual member states, and the euro area but also include outlooks for some of the world's other major economies, and countries that are candidates for EU membership. The forecasts extend over a time horizon of at least two years and cover about 180 variables.

European Union CI: sa: EU 27E: Major Purchase at Present data was reported at -41.800 % Point in Apr 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of -13.600 % Point for Mar 2020. European Union CI: sa: EU 27E: Major Purchase at Present data is updated monthly, averaging -16.000 % Point from Jan 1985 (Median) to Apr 2020, with 424 observations. The data reached an all-time high of -0.100 % Point in Mar 1999 and a record low of -41.800 % Point in Apr 2020. European Union CI: sa: EU 27E: Major Purchase at Present data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by European Commission's Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs. The data is categorized under Global Database’s European Union – Table EU.H021: DG ECFIN: Consumer Confidence Indicator: Seasonally Adjusted.

Four Big European Countries - Leading Indicators OECD: Reference series: Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Original series for Four Big European was 108.65530 Index 2015=100 in January of 2024, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, Four Big European Countries - Leading Indicators OECD: Reference series: Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Original series for Four Big European reached a record high of 108.65530 in January of 2024 and a record low of 25.49468 in February of 1960. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for Four Big European Countries - Leading Indicators OECD: Reference series: Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Original series for Four Big European - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

EU EE: CI: sa: Major Purchase Over Next Months data was reported at -23.200 % Point in Jun 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of -22.500 % Point for May 2018. EU EE: CI: sa: Major Purchase Over Next Months data is updated monthly, averaging -26.500 % Point from Oct 1992 (Median) to Jun 2018, with 309 observations. The data reached an all-time high of -0.300 % Point in Sep 2006 and a record low of -64.300 % Point in Oct 1992. EU EE: CI: sa: Major Purchase Over Next Months data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by European Commission's Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Estonia – Table EE.DG ECFIN: Consumer Confidence Indicator: Seasonally Adjusted.

The European household appliances market, valued at $112.63 billion in 2025, is projected to experience steady growth, driven by several key factors. Rising disposable incomes across major European economies like Germany, the UK, France, and Italy are fueling increased consumer spending on home improvement and upgrading existing appliances. A growing preference for energy-efficient and smart appliances, coupled with increasing urbanization and smaller living spaces, further stimulates market expansion. The online distribution channel is witnessing significant growth, driven by the convenience and wider product selection offered by e-commerce platforms. However, the market faces some restraints. Economic fluctuations and concerns about the environmental impact of appliance production and disposal represent potential challenges. The market is segmented by distribution channel (offline and online) and product type (major and small household appliances). Major appliances, such as refrigerators, washing machines, and ovens, currently dominate the market share, but small appliance sales (e.g., blenders, toasters) are also increasing due to changing lifestyles and consumer preferences. Competitive intensity is high, with leading companies employing diverse strategies, including innovation, branding, and strategic partnerships, to maintain market share. The market is characterized by a mix of established players and emerging brands, creating a dynamic and competitive landscape. The forecast period (2025-2033) anticipates continued growth, with a projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 4.6%. This growth is expected to be fueled by advancements in technology, resulting in improved appliance features, connectivity, and energy efficiency. Germany, the UK, and France are expected to remain the largest national markets within Europe, reflecting their robust economies and high consumer spending on household goods. However, the market will likely see growth across all major European regions, albeit at varying rates influenced by local economic conditions and consumer preferences. The continued focus on sustainability and eco-friendly appliances will likely shape product development and marketing strategies in the coming years, contributing to the overall market's growth trajectory.

Graph and download economic data for Gross Domestic Product Deflator for the European Union (NAGIGP01EUQ661S) from Q1 1995 to Q4 2019 about EU, Europe, and GDP.