Estimated number of persons by quarter of a year and by year, Canada, provinces and territories.

Contained within the 1st Edition (1906) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows two maps. The maps show the density of population per square mile for every township in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Alberta, circa 1901. The statistics from the 1901 census are used, yet the population of Saskatchewan and Alberta is shown as confined within the vicinity of the railways, this is because the railways have been brought up to date of publication, 1906. Cities and towns of 5000 inhabitants or more are shown as black dots. The size of the circle is proportionate to the population. The map uses eight classes, seven of which are shades of brown, more densely populated portions are shown in the darker tints. Numbers make it clear which class is being shown in any one township. Major railway systems are shown. The map also displays the rectangular survey system which records the land that is available to the public. This grid like system is divided into sections, townships, range, and meridian from mid-Manitoba to Alberta.

Contained within the 2nd Edition (1915) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows two maps. The first map shows the density of population per square mile for every township in British Columbia and Alberta, circa 1911. The second map shows the density of population per square mile for every township in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, circa 1911. Communities with a population greater than 5000 people are shown as proportional dots on the map. In addition, major railway systems displayed. The map displays the rectangular survey system which records the land that is available to the public. This grid like system is divided into sections, townships, range, and meridian from mid-Manitoba to Alberta.

This statistic shows the distribution of the gross domestic product (GDP) of Manitoba, Canada, in 2021, by industry. In that year, the construction industry accounted for almost seven percent of the GDP of Manitoba.

RHAs/Health Regions are geographic areas which are used to define populations and catchment areas for the administration and delivery of health services. This file provides RHA boundaries for cartographic and analytical purposes. Within Manitoba there are five Regional Health Authorities (or "RHAs") responsible for the delivery of health services in five specific areas of the province described in the legislation as "health regions." (In practice, the terms "health region" and "RHA" are often used interchangeably to describe these geographic areas.). This file contains boundaries for the health regions for each Regional Health Authority in Manitoba. Fields included (Alias (Field Name): Field description.) RHA Code (RHACODE): Two-digit numeric code which uniquely identifies a specific legislatively defined RHA RHA Name (RHAName): This field contains a simple name for each RHA, suitable for use as a label, in English. Nom de l'office régionale de la santé (RHANomFr): This field contains a simple name for each RHA, suitable for use as a label, in French. RHA Area - total (sq km) (RHAArea): The calculated geodesic area, in square kilometres, of the area within a given RHA's boundaries. RHA Area - excludes major lakes (sq km) (LandArea): The calculated geodesic area, in square kilometres, of the area within a given RHA's boundaries, with the area of major lakes excluded. For population density calculations, we recommend the use of this area value. The following major lakes have been excluded: Lake Winnipeg, Lake Manitoba, Lake Winnipegosis, and Cedar Lake.

RHAs/Health Regions are geographic areas which are used to define populations and catchment areas for the administration and delivery of health services. This file provides RHA boundaries for cartographic and analytical purposes. Within Manitoba there are five Regional Health Authorities (or "RHAs") responsible for the delivery of health services in five specific areas of the province described in the legislation as "health regions." (In practice, the terms "health region" and "RHA" are often used interchangeably to describe these geographic areas.). This file contains boundaries for the health regions for each Regional Health Authority in Manitoba. Fields included (Alias (Field Name): Field description.) RHA Code (RHACODE): Two-digit numeric code which uniquely identifies a specific legislatively defined RHA RHA Name (RHAName): This field contains a simple name for each RHA, suitable for use as a label, in English. Nom de l'office régionale de la santé (RHANomFr): This field contains a simple name for each RHA, suitable for use as a label, in French. RHA Area - total (sq km) (RHAArea): The calculated geodesic area, in square kilometres, of the area within a given RHA's boundaries. RHA Area - excludes major lakes (sq km) (LandArea): The calculated geodesic area, in square kilometres, of the area within a given RHA's boundaries, with the area of major lakes excluded. For population density calculations, we recommend the use of this area value. The following major lakes have been excluded: Lake Winnipeg, Lake Manitoba, Lake Winnipegosis, and Cedar Lake.

Density dependence can have marked effects on social behaviors such as group size. We tested whether changes in population density of a large herbivore (elk, Cervus canadensis) affected sex-specific group size and whether the response was density- or frequency-dependent. We quantified the probability and strength of changes in group sizes and dispersion as population density changed for each sex. We used group size data from a population of elk in Manitoba, Canada, that was experimentally reduced from 1.20 to 0.67 elk/km2 between 2002 and 2009. Our results indicated that functional responses of group size to population density are sex-specific. Females showed a positive density-dependent response in group size at population densities ≥0.70 elk/km2 and we found evidence for a minimum group size at population density ≤0.70 elk/km2. Changes in male group size were also density-dependent; however, the strength of the relationship was lower than for females. Density dependence in male group size was predominantly a result of fusion of solitary males into larger groups, rather than fusion among existing groups. Our study revealed that density affects group size of a large herbivore differently between males and females, which has important implications for the benefits e.g., alleviating predation risk, and costs of social behaviors e.g., competition for resources and mates, and intra-specific pathogen transmission.

In Ontario, British Columbia and in the three Prairie Provinces live 80% of the Aboriginal population of Canada. The most populous province, Ontario, is also the one with the highest number of Aboriginal people, (about 142 000). These people are often integrated in the large centres in the south of the province. British Columbia has almost as many Aboriginal people: 140 000. They are concentrated on Vancouver Island and around Vancouver, but can also be found almost everywhere in this province, which has the largest number of Indian reserves and settlements. In the Prairie Provinces, there are about 363 000 Aboriginal people, divided between Manitoba (128 700), Alberta (122 900) and Saskatchewan (111 300).

Population distribution according to demographic characteristics and social determinants of health.

Number of nests (n), nest fates (S  =  successful; F  =  failed), and relative nest density (RND; nests per km2) for Eastern Prairie Population Canada geese and lesser snow geese nests at two study areas near Cape Churchill, in northern Manitoba, Canada between 2001 and 2007.

The Marsh Ecology Research Program (MERP) was a long-term interdisciplinary study on the ecology of prairie wetlands. A scientific team from a variety of disciplines (hydrology, plant ecology, invertebrate ecology, vertebrate ecology, nutrient dynamics, marsh management) was assembled to design and oversee a long-term experiment on the effects of water-level manipulation on northern prairie wetlands. Ten years of fieldwork (1980 -1989), combining a routine long-term monitoring program and a series of short-term studies, generated a wealth of new and diverse information on the ecology and function of prairie wetlands (Murkin, Batt, Caldwell, Kadlec and van der Valk, 2000). This data set includes muskrat population data, collected as part of the vertebrate monitoring program of MERP. Re-colonizing muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) populations in the MERP experimental cells were monitored during the 1985-1989 sampling seasons to explore the effects water level and associated vegetation characteristics had on muskrat density, population size, habitat use, body condition, and survival and reproductive rates (Clark and Murkin, 1989).

For further information on the Marsh Ecology Research Program (MERP), please visit: http://www.ducks.ca/conserve/research/projects/merp/index.html

References: Clark, W.R., and H.R. Murkin. 1989. Vertebrates. In: Marsh Ecology Research Program: Long-term Monitoring Procedures Manual. (Eds.) E.J. Murkin and H.R. Murkin, pp. 35-38. Manitoba, Canada: Delta Waterfowl and Wetlands Research Station. Murkin, H.R., B.D.J. Batt, P.J. Caldwell, J.A. Kadlec and A.G. van der Valk. 2000a. Introduction to the Marsh Ecology Research Program. In Prairie Wetland Ecology: The Contribution of the Marsh Ecology Research Program. (Eds) H.R. Murkin, A.G. van der Valk and W.R. Clark. pp. 3-15. Ames: Iowa State University Press.

Resulting Publications on Muskrat Populations Clark., W.R. 1990. Compensation in furbearer populations; current data compared with a review of concepts. Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural resources Conference 55: 491-500. Clark, W.R. 1994. Habitat selection by muskrats in experimental marshes undergoing succession. Canadian Journal of Zoology 72: 675-680. Clark, W.R., and D.W. Kroeker. 1993. Population dynamics of muskrats in managed marshes at Delta, Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71: 1620-1628. Clark, W.R. 2000. Ecology of muskrats in prairie wetlands. In Prairie Wetland Ecology: The Contribution of the Marsh Ecology Research Program. (Eds.) H.R. Murkin, A.G. van der Valk, and W.R. Clark, pp. 37-54. Iowa: Iowa State University Press.

The map shows the location of the six hydrogeological regions in Canada and the location of observation wells. The terrain composition is also shown on the map, which includes crystalline rocks, mixed crystalline rocks, folded sedimentary rocks and flat lying sedimentary rocks. The southern limit of continuous permafrost zone and the limit of the discontinuous permafrost zone appear on the map. Canada has been divided into six hydrogeological regions on the basis of similarities of geology, climate, and topography. These six hydrogeological regions are (1) the Appalachians, covering the area of New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and the Gaspé and Eastern Townships of Quebec; (2) the St. Lawrence Lowlands, covering Anticosti Island, the extreme southern area of Quebec, and the southern part of Ontario; (3) the Canadian Shield, lying north of the St. Lawrence Lowlands and extending northward to a line joining the north end of Lake Winnipeg to Anticosti Island; (4) the Interior Plains, lying approximately south of the southern limit of discontinuous permafrost and consisting largely of the southern prairie regions of the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta; (5) the Cordilleran Region, the mountainous part of western Canada within British Columbia; and (6) the Northern Region, approximately covering the area north of the southern limit of discontinuous permafrost. To monitor the groundwater flow systems and fluctuations in these hydrogeological regions a series of groundwater observation wells and piezometers have been established in various parts of Canada, as is shown on the map. The groundwater observation well map indicates the extent of provincial observation well and piezometer networks in Canada. Because of scale limitations, the symbols on the map may indicate more than one well. These wells and piezometers have been established in the southern part of Canada to monitor groundwater fluctuations and may also be used to monitor groundwater quality. Since this region of Canada has the largest population density, groundwater is of more immediate interest here. In the areas of discontinuous and continuous permafrost little has been done at present to monitor groundwater conditions, although this is changing as mineral exploration looks north for new reserves.

Number and percentage of live births, by month of birth, 1991 to most recent year.