Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Food products data was reported at 218.700 2015=100 in Feb 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 217.000 2015=100 for Jan 2020. Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Food products data is updated monthly, averaging 73.550 2015=100 from Jan 2000 (Median) to Feb 2020, with 242 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 236.800 2015=100 in Dec 2019 and a record low of 9.100 2015=100 in Jan 2000. Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Food products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Eurostat. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.Eurostat: Gross Wages and Salaries Index: 2015=100. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Pharmaceutical Products & Pharmaceutical Preparations data was reported at 180.500 2015=100 in Feb 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 165.700 2015=100 for Jan 2020. Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Pharmaceutical Products & Pharmaceutical Preparations data is updated monthly, averaging 60.100 2015=100 from Jan 2000 (Median) to Feb 2020, with 242 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 192.800 2015=100 in Dec 2019 and a record low of 11.900 2015=100 in Feb 2000. Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Pharmaceutical Products & Pharmaceutical Preparations data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Eurostat. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.Eurostat: Gross Wages and Salaries Index: 2015=100. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

The manufacturing technology of metal furniture is becoming more mature in China. The demand for metal furniture at home and abroad has promoted the development of the industry.The Metal Furniture Manufacturing industry in China is expected to increase at an annualized rate of 2.8% over the five years through 2025 to $35.8 billion. Due to its high cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness, the Metal Furniture Manufacturing industry has maintained stable development. The COVID-19 pandemic makes the global economy weak, which has had some impact on the industry. The industry's de-stocking cycle is later than other industries, so the decline in industry revenues is reflected in 2022 and 2023, by 15.1% and 7.9%, respectively.Industry profit is expected to total 5.3% of revenue in 2025. Total wages are expected to rise by an annualized 3.9% over the five years through 2025 to $1.8 billion. The increasing demand in downstream has driven the development of the industry, leading to an increase in profits. Industry enterprises have shifted to automated production to increase production and reduce labor costs.With the increasing awareness of people's health, consumers have higher requirements for the performance of furniture. Industry enterprises have designed metal furniture that is more ergonomic and meets the requirements. Intelligent furniture is also one of the innovative directions for industry enterprises. With the development of AI and other technologies, integrating intelligent systems into metal furniture will make the use of furniture more convenient. Intelligent systems not only enable consumers to better control furniture, but also improve users’ health by collecting data.

With the rapid growth of the Chinese economy and technological progress, the industry has begun to transform and upgrade, gradually developing from OEM to independent R&D of products.Revenue for the Clock and Watch Manufacturing industry in China is expected to decrease an annualized 5.8% over the five years through 2024, to $5,267.7 million. Mobile phones and smart wearable devices can replace some functions of traditional watch, which are suppressing industry demand. The popularity of electronic products has led to a decrease in demand for low-end industry products, but the demand for high-end luxury watches remains stable.As the industry is highly export-oriented, export value is expected to account for 92.4% of total industry revenue in 2024. Most operators are based in coastal areas to transport conveniently, like Guangdong, Fujian province which account for 91.9% of industry revenue combined.During the COVID-19 pandemic, China implemented control measures to prevent the spread of the pandemic, interrupting the supply of raw materials and components. The output of clocks and watches in China decreased from 1.6 billion units in 2017 to 1.3 billion units in 2023.Industry profit is expected to total 4.2% of revenue in 2024. Total wages are expected to rise by an annualized 2.5% over the five years through 2024, to $639.8 million. With the improvement of precision technology in clock and watch manufacturing, the demand for skilled workers will increase, and wages and profits will gradually increase in the future.The development of precision mechanical technology will still drive the development of the industry, especially in the high-end market. Industry revenue is expected to increase an annualized 2.4% over the five years through 2029, to total $5,944.6 million. The export market is expected to grow at an average rate of 1.6% in the next five years.

Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Other data was reported at 222.800 2015=100 in Feb 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 220.000 2015=100 for Jan 2020. Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Other data is updated monthly, averaging 47.100 2015=100 from Jan 2000 (Median) to Feb 2020, with 242 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 225.200 2015=100 in Nov 2019 and a record low of 8.000 2015=100 in Jan 2000. Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Other data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Eurostat. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.Eurostat: Gross Wages and Salaries Index: 2015=100. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Electrical Equipment data was reported at 229.100 2015=100 in Feb 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 224.500 2015=100 for Jan 2020. Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Electrical Equipment data is updated monthly, averaging 51.550 2015=100 from Jan 2000 (Median) to Feb 2020, with 242 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 237.000 2015=100 in Nov 2019 and a record low of 6.200 2015=100 in Jan 2000. Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Electrical Equipment data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Eurostat. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.Eurostat: Gross Wages and Salaries Index: 2015=100. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

Revenue for the Apparel Manufacturing industry is expected to increase at an annualized 0.2% over the five years through 2025, totaling $298.3 billion. With new consumer groups, individualized, fine-differentiated, and young apparel has become industry's mainstream. In addition, big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence have changed the industry over the past five years. Over the past five years, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to weak consumer confidence and an economic downturn. Apparel is a non-essential commodity, and people buy less. Industry revenues have fluctuated due to changes in downstream markets.Inventory clearance and fierce competition have kept profit margins low. Most of the workforce in the industry is low-skilled and creates products with low added value. In 2025, profit margins are expected to account for 5.3% of industry revenue. Total wages are anticipated to rise by an annualized 0.8% over the five years through 2025, to $40.1 billion. In the past few years, the industry has actively introduced automation equipment and intelligent production lines, and enterprises can greatly improve efficiency and shorten the production cycle. Intelligent technology enables enterprises to manage inventory more precisely and increase the flexibility of the supply chain. Some enterprises use intelligent manufacturing technology to produce small batches of personalized customized products to enhance market competitiveness.Industry enterprises realize the importance of building their own brands. Some enterprises have built more direct and deeper customer relationships and increased re-purchase rates through this method. Having a private brand can reduce the company's dependence on OEM orders and enhance the enterprise’s autonomy and resilience to risks.Future growth in per capita disposable income will promote industry demand. Industry revenue is expected to increase an annualized 1.2% over the five years through 2030 to total $316.3 million. Industry enterprises will gradually lay out overseas markets to gain a greater market share. Meanwhile, the Southeast Asian market is seizing the global market with Chinese companies due to cheaper labor advantages.

Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Textiles data was reported at 199.900 2015=100 in Feb 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 198.000 2015=100 for Jan 2020. Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Textiles data is updated monthly, averaging 51.300 2015=100 from Jan 2000 (Median) to Feb 2020, with 242 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 218.500 2015=100 in Dec 2019 and a record low of 13.400 2015=100 in Jan 2000. Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Textiles data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Eurostat. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.Eurostat: Gross Wages and Salaries Index: 2015=100. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

Ornamental and architectural metalwork manufacturers develop architectural metalwork, including fences, handrails, balcony rails, screen doors, window guards and other architectural fittings. Over the past five years, the industry expanded with domestic construction. Favorable economic conditions have encouraged nonresidential and residential construction activity. In particular, low interest rates have facilitated investment as the low cost of borrowing bolstered the potential profitability. Still, these trends were derailed by the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, volatile steel and aluminum prices have hindered industry selling prices, further constraining revenue. Ornamental and Architectural Metalwork Manufacturing industry revenue has inched downward at a CAGR of 0.3% over the past five years. It is expected to total $9.5 billion in 2024 when revenue will jump by an estimated 0.9%. Profit has also declined due to rising wages and volatile inputs. The price of metals and import penetration heavily influence the industry's performance. Steel and aluminum represent key inputs in the manufacturing process of ornamental and architectural metalwork products. Although rising metal prices increase purchase costs for manufacturers, they also boost the value of inventory and raise selling prices as increased prices are passed down to the customer. Conversely, low steel prices indicate periods of excess supply, weak demand and devalued inventory. Domestic manufacturers have struggled to secure stable purchasing contracts while contending with intense low-cost import competition from Chinese producers. Ornamental and Architectural Metalwork Manufacturing industry revenue is expected to expand at a CAGR of 1.5% to $10.2 billion over the five years to 2029. Following pandemic-related slowdowns and volatile interest rates, a resurgence in demand from the construction and manufacturing sectors drives this growth from a low base. The industry will also benefit from decelerated import penetration due to tariffs on imported metal products. Export markets will emerge as a source of growth for the industry as the US dollar value will decline over the next five years, ultimately making US-made products more competitive in global markets.

RO: GW: Manufacturing data was reported at 191.100 2015=100 in Feb 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 190.000 2015=100 for Jan 2020. RO: GW: Manufacturing data is updated monthly, averaging 65.850 2015=100 from Jan 2000 (Median) to Feb 2020, with 242 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 204.600 2015=100 in Dec 2019 and a record low of 11.500 2015=100 in Jan 2000. RO: GW: Manufacturing data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Eurostat. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.Eurostat: Gross Wages and Salaries Index: 2015=100. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Furniture data was reported at 187.600 2015=100 in Feb 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 186.400 2015=100 for Jan 2020. Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Furniture data is updated monthly, averaging 67.050 2015=100 from Jan 2000 (Median) to Feb 2020, with 242 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 192.000 2015=100 in Nov 2019 and a record low of 12.400 2015=100 in Jan 2000. Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Furniture data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Eurostat. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.Eurostat: Gross Wages and Salaries Index: 2015=100. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Fabricated Metal Products: excl Machinery & Equipment data was reported at 199.500 2015=100 in Feb 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 198.200 2015=100 for Jan 2020. Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Fabricated Metal Products: excl Machinery & Equipment data is updated monthly, averaging 72.600 2015=100 from Jan 2000 (Median) to Feb 2020, with 242 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 215.700 2015=100 in Dec 2019 and a record low of 8.000 2015=100 in Jan 2000. Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Fabricated Metal Products: excl Machinery & Equipment data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Eurostat. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.Eurostat: Gross Wages and Salaries Index: 2015=100. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

The overall development rate of the wood furniture industry has been slow in past few years. However, the industry is still competitive with the metal and plastic furniture industries.The Wood Furniture Manufacturing industry in China is expected to increase at an annualized rate of 2.8% over the five years through 2025 to $80.8 billion. Due to global logistics constraints caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, exports fell by 14.9% in 2019, and industry revenue declined in turn. Industry revenue growth has been slow in the past few years, which is also related to increased environmental awareness and fierce competition in similar industries.Industry profit margins have been shrinking. Industry profit is expected to total 6.2% of revenue in 2025. Industry enterprises need more excellent design and manufacturing talents to form differentiated competition. Total wages are expected to rise by an annualized 3.9% over the five years through 2025 to $5.4 billion.With the increasing awareness of people's health, consumers have higher requirements for the performance of furniture. Industry enterprises will use more environmentally friendly bonding materials and accessories to make wood furniture. To be more in line with the modern lifestyle, industry enterprises actively integrate smart home technology into products, so that consumers feel convenient.In the future, more and more industry enterprises will expand overseas markets. Exports are expected to grow at an average rate of 1.3% in the next five years. Competing imports have declined significantly in the past few years, mainly due to the rise of local brands and import logistics constraints. Competitive imports will behave weak, and more and more people will trust domestic brands. Competing imports are expected to decrease at an average rate of 3.1% in the next five years.The future development trend of the industry's products may be toward customization and high-end development. The revenue of the industry will increase with the increase of the added value of the product. Industry revenue is expected to increase an annualized 1.9% over the five years through 2030 to total $88.6 billion.

Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Rubber & Plastic Products data was reported at 246.800 2015=100 in Feb 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 240.700 2015=100 for Jan 2020. Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Rubber & Plastic Products data is updated monthly, averaging 48.350 2015=100 from Jan 2000 (Median) to Feb 2020, with 242 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 257.800 2015=100 in Nov 2019 and a record low of 5.400 2015=100 in Jan 2000. Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Rubber & Plastic Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Eurostat. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.Eurostat: Gross Wages and Salaries Index: 2015=100. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

Like many others like it, the Measurement and Other Scientific Equipment Manufacturing industry has faced significant challenges and opportunities stemming from global trade dynamics and shifting domestic demands. The industry is particularly vulnerable to import competition, with international imports making up more than 90% of domestic demand. The COVID-19 pandemic temporarily disrupted the flow of imports through reduced overseas manufacturing and logistical delays, but imports have resumed their dominance as international conditions stabilised. As imports cover both ends of the market, with high-value offerings from advanced economies like the United States and Germany and more affordable alternatives from countries like China with lower production costs, conditions have remained competitive for local manufacturers. Overall, industry revenue has grown at an annualised 1.2% over the five years through 2024-25 to reach $3.5 billion in the current year, when revenue is anticipated to climb by 1.0%. Over the past five years, the Australian manufacturing sector has experienced some turbulence. Industry manufacturers have sustained their revenue streams through diverse products catering to the healthcare, defence and scientific research markets, benefiting from government spending and heightened R&D efforts. However, the pandemic and economic pressures eroded demand in traditionally strong markets like education and construction. Profitability took a hit, primarily from rising wage and purchase costs, as new entrants increased competition and forced many manufacturers onto lower margins to stay competitive. Going forwards, industry revenue is projected to increase at an annualised 1.6% through the end of 2029-30, to $3.8 billion. Improvements in key downstream markets are forecast to drive revenue growth, particularly in construction, manufacturing, health care and scientific research. Ongoing geopolitical instability will encourage spending on defence, driving demand for specialised equipment like radar and nautical instruments. However, competition from low-cost imports is forecast to remain high, slowing domestic manufacturers' growth.

Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Paper & Paper Products data was reported at 260.200 2015=100 in Feb 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 252.500 2015=100 for Jan 2020. Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Paper & Paper Products data is updated monthly, averaging 62.650 2015=100 from Jan 2000 (Median) to Feb 2020, with 242 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 268.200 2015=100 in Dec 2019 and a record low of 12.900 2015=100 in Jan 2000. Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Paper & Paper Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Eurostat. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.Eurostat: Gross Wages and Salaries Index: 2015=100. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Tobacco Products data was reported at 232.500 2015=100 in Feb 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 188.700 2015=100 for Jan 2020. Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Tobacco Products data is updated monthly, averaging 64.300 2015=100 from Jan 2000 (Median) to Feb 2020, with 242 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 266.200 2015=100 in Mar 2019 and a record low of 19.300 2015=100 in Aug 2000. Romania RO: GW: Manufacturing: Tobacco Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Eurostat. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.Eurostat: Gross Wages and Salaries Index: 2015=100. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

RO: GW: Manufacturing: Beverages data was reported at 216.100 2015=100 in Feb 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 214.900 2015=100 for Jan 2020. RO: GW: Manufacturing: Beverages data is updated monthly, averaging 88.550 2015=100 from Jan 2000 (Median) to Feb 2020, with 242 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 227.700 2015=100 in Mar 2019 and a record low of 11.900 2015=100 in Jan 2000. RO: GW: Manufacturing: Beverages data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Eurostat. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Romania – Table RO.Eurostat: Gross Wages and Salaries Index: 2015=100. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

Auto parts manufacturers build miscellaneous parts and equipment, including exhaust systems, airbags, heating, ventilation, air conditioning systems (HVAC) and filtration devices. Manufacturers faced significant challenges through the current period, with the COVID-19 pandemic, inflationary pressures and supply chain disruptions eroding underlying conditions for auto parts production. Similarly, new tariff policies threaten supply chains while potentially making domestic auto parts more attractive. However, this will likely come at the cost of less favorable exchange rates and retaliations, limiting revenue from export markets in Canada and Mexico. Overall, revenue for auto parts manufacturers has stabilized at an expected CAGR of 1.5% to $ 70.8 billion through the current period, including a 0.8% spike in 2025, where profit reached 5.5%. Auto parts manufacturers also endured significant supply chain volatility following the pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Skyrocketing steel and semiconductor prices limited profit growth, especially in 2021, though prices have started to normalize. Once again, tariffs threaten supply chains, potentially leading to a new wave of costs. Offshoring trends have also battered auto parts manufacturers; low wages in Mexico and China have encouraged massive offshoring. Similarly, competition from countries with advanced technology, manufacturing and automotive sectors, like Japan, South Korea and Germany, has added to foreign pressure for producers, leading to significant import penetration and market saturation. Auto parts manufacturers will benefit from an economic resurgence during the outlook period. Stable economic growth and muted inflation will support consumer confidence and real incomes, boosting car sales. Average vehicle age will also increase, supporting aftermarkets, specifically demand for repairs on existing vehicles. However, the dollar may appreciate further, driven my protectionist trade policies. Electric and autonomous vehicles, alongside other safety and sustainability innovations, will also create more niche markets for auto parts manufacturers. Overall, revenue for auto parts manufacturers will expand at an expected CAGR of 1.8% to $77.5 billion through the outlook period.

Auto parts manufacturers build miscellaneous parts and equipment, including exhaust systems, airbags, heating, ventilation, air conditioning systems (HVAC) and filtration devices. Manufacturers faced significant challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, with social distancing significantly reducing travel and weakening the manufacturing sector, causing revenue to contract. However, mass exoduses back to work and greater economic stability have encouraged consumers to drive more, creating greater demand for new and used cars and repairs and indirectly boosting demand for auto parts manufacturers. Even so, climbing interest rates have threatened the entire automobile manufacturing supply chain, with higher borrowing and auto loan costs stifling new car sales. Overall, revenue has climbed at an expected CAGR of 1.2% to $7.9 billion through the current period, including a 1.9% jump in 2024, where profit reached 8.7%. Canadian auto parts manufacturers endured significant supply chain volatility following the pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Higher input costs limited profit growth in 2022 and 2023, especially after skyrocketing steel and semiconductor prices. Offshoring trends have also battered auto parts manufacturers; low wages in Mexico and China have encouraged massive offshoring. Similarly, competition from countries with advanced technology, manufacturing and automotive sectors has overwhelmed Canadian producers, leading to significant import penetration and market saturation. Canadian auto parts manufacturers will benefit from strong economic conditions through the outlook period. Stable economic growth and muted inflation will support consumer confidence and real incomes, boosting car sales. Average vehicle age will also increase, supporting aftermarkets, specifically demand for repairs on existing vehicles. The Canadian dollar will also depreciate, boosting exports and partially counteracting offshoring trends from the past decade. Electric and autonomous vehicles, alongside other safety and sustainability innovations, will also create more niche markets for auto parts manufacturers. Overall, revenue for auto parts manufacturers will rebound at an expected CAGR of 1.4% to $8.5 billion through the outlook period, where profit will reach 8.7%.