Historical shoreline change is considered to be a crucial element in studying the vulnerability of the national shoreline. These data are used in a shoreline change analysis for the USGS National Assessment Project. There are critical needs for a nationwide compilation of reliable shoreline data. To meet these needs, the USGS has produced a comprehensive database of digital vector shorelines by compiling shoreline positions from pre-existing historical shoreline databases and by generating historical and modern shoreline data. Shorelines are compiled by state and generally correspond to one of four time periods: 1800s, 1920s-1930s, 1970s, and 1998-2002. Each shoreline may represent a compilation of data from one or more sources for one or more dates provided by one or more agencies. Details regarding source are provided in the 'Data Quality Information' section of this metadata report. Shoreline vectors derived from historic sources (first three time periods) represent the high water line at the time of the survey, whereas modern shorelines (final time period) represent the mean high water line. .

FIRE1850_POLY:

One of a series of four maps showing the state of forests in the northern coastal area of Oregon. They show the change in stand age over time due to fires. This dataset shows conditions in 1850.

Colour raster copies of maps by Czech and European cartographers, cartographic shops and publishing houses up to year 1850. Maps and plans and usually printed, exceptionally manuscripts. The collection is divided into three parts: Czech maps, foreign territory, city plans.

The SPATIAL LOCATION of railroads/ is based upon locations as given in the National Transportation Atlas Database (United States Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics) and contemporary and historical U.S. topographical maps (United States Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey)./The EXISTENCE of a railroad serving locations at a specific date (see variable "InOpBy") was determined using the following resources: 1911: state maps from William D. Whitney and Benjamin E. Smith (eds) The Century dictionary and cyclopedia, with a new atlas of the world, New York: Century Co., 1911 (using scanned images from http://www.goldbug.com); 1903: regional maps from Rand McNally, Rand McNally & Co.'s Enlarged Business Atlas And Shippers' Guide ... Showing In Detail The Entire Railroad System ... Accompanied By A New And Original Compilation And Ready Reference Index…, Chicago: Rand McNally & Company, 1903 (using images 2844006, 2844007 and 2844008 from http://www.davidrumey.com); 1898: regional maps from Rand McNally, United States. Rand, McNally & Co., Map Publishers and Engravers, Chicago, 1898. Rand, McNally & Co.'s New Business Atlas Map of the United States…, Chicago: Rand McNally & Company, 1898 (using images 0772003, 0772004 and 0772005 from http://www.davidrumey.com); 1893: state maps from Rand McNally and Company, Rand, McNally & Co.'s enlarged business atlas and shippers guide ; containing large-scale maps of all the states and territories in the United States, of the Dominion of Canada, the Republic of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and Cuba. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1893 (images courtesy of Murray Hudson, www.antiquemapsandglobes.com) except for Louisiana, Maryland/Delaware, Michigan, and Mississippi which were taken from Rand McNally, Universal Atlas of the World, Chicago: Rand McNally, 1893 (images courtesy of the University of Alabama Cartographic Lab) and Texas which was digitized by Amanda Gregg from Rand McNally & Co. Indexed county and railroad pocket map and shippers' guide of Texas : accompanied by a new and original compilation and ready reference index, showing in detail the entire railroad system ...Chicago: Rand McNally & Co., c1893 (Yale University Beinecke Library, Call Number: Zc52 893ra); 1889: state maps from Rand McNally, Rand, McNally & Co.'s enlarged business atlas and shippers guide…, Chicago: Rand McNally & Co., 1889 (using images 2094016 through 2094062 from http://www.davidrumey.com); 1881: state maps from Rand McNally, New Indexed Business Atlas and Shippers Guide, Chicago: Rand McNally & Co., 1881 (photographed by Amanda Gregg from a copy in the Yale University Beinecke Library, 2009 Folio 63); 1877: state maps from Rand McNally and Company, Rand McNally & Co’s Business Atlas, Chicago: Rand McNally & Co., 1877 (digitized by Matthew Van den Berg from a copy in the Library of Congress, Call no. G1200 .R3358 1877); 1872: regional maps from Warner & Beers, Atlas of the United States, Chicago: Warner & Beers, 1872 (using images 2585069 through 2585078 from http://www.davidrumey.com);1868: national map by J. T. Lloyd, Lloyd's New Map of the United States The Canadas and New Brunswick From The Latest Surveys Showing Every Railroad & Station Finished … 1868, New York: J. T. Lloyd, 1868 (using image 2859002 from http://www.davidrumey.com)1863: national map by J. T. Lloyd, Lloyd's New Map of the United States The Canadas And New Brunswick From the latest Surveys Showing Every Railroad & Station Finished to June 1863, New York: J. T. Lloyd, 1863 (using image 2591002 from http://www.davidrumey.com)1861: regional maps by G. R. Taylor and Irene D. Neu, The American Railroad Network 1861-1890, Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1956;1858: national map by Hugo Stammann, J. Sage & Son's new & reliable rail road map comprising all the railroads of the United States and Canadas with their stations and distances, Buffalo, NY: J Sage & Sons, 1858 using image rr000360 from the Library of Congress at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3701p.rr000360;1856: national map by Richard S. Fisher, Dinsmore's complete map of the railroads & canals in the United States & Canada carefully compiled from authentic sources by Richard S. Fisher, editor of the American Rail Road & Steam Navigation Guide, New York, 1856 using image rr000300 from the Library of Congress at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3701p.rr000300;1854: national map by E. D. Sanford, H. V. Poor's rail road map showing particularly the location and connections of the North East & South West Alabama Rail Road, by E. D. Sanford, Civil Engineer, n.p.: 1854 using image rr004950 from the Library of Congress at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3701p.rr004950;1852: national map by J. H. Colton, Colton's Map Of The United States, The Canadas &c. Showing The Rail Roads, Canals & Stage Roads: With Distances from Place to Place, New York: J. H. Colton, 1852 (using image 0172002 from http://www.davidrumey.com)1850 and earlier dates: Curran Dinsmore, Dinsmore & Company's new and complete map of the railway system of the United States and Canada; compiled from official sources, under the direction of the editor of the "American Railway Guide.", New York: 1850, the early railroad database assembled by Professor Milton C. Hallberg (deceased, Pensylvania State University) and appearing on http://oldrailhistory.com/, various railroad histories, on-line google search results and Wikipedia entries for specific railroads appearing in Hallberg’s database. Digitized maps were geo-referenced using ArcGIS 10’s spline algorithm against the National Historical Geographic Information System’s 2009 TIGER-based historical state and county boundary files (see www.nhgis.org) and the U.S. National Atlas’s database of cities and town.No effort was made to identify or preserve double tracking. Sidings, yards, and turnouts, etc., were deleted whenever possible absent any knowledge as to when these features were constructed.See Jeremy Atack "Procedures and Issues Relating to the Creration of Historical Transportation Shapfiles of Navigabale Rivers, Canals, and Railroads in the United States" available at https://my.vanderbilt.edu/jeremyatack/files/2015/09/HistoricalTransportationSHPfilesDocumenation.pdf. Also Jeremy Atack, "On the Use of Geographic Informations Systems in Economic History" Journal of Economic History, 73:2 (June 2013): 313-338. Also available at https://my.vanderbilt.edu/jeremyatack/files/2011/08/EHAPresidentialAddress.pdfRevision History: Edited = 1 ==> minor modifications by Jeremy Atack, September 20, 2015 amending dates for "InOpBy" and/or endpoints to fix microfractures and inconsistencies,1861 or earlier.= 2 ==> JA; 9/21/2015 switched dates and names (1861-1903) on Charleston & Savannah RR just west of Ashley River to accurately reflect LOC map for this RR= 3 ==> JA: 12/22/2015 modification to RR dates and locations around Baltimore, New York city, Philadelphia and Washington DC reflecting (some but not all) of the 1860 mapping by C. Baer et al., Canals and Railroads of the Mid-Atlantic States, 1800-1860 (Hagley Foundation 1981)SHP file edited 5/9/2016 to fix error message in ArcCatalog caused by 4 "phantom" features (InOpBy=blank/zero) that had no geometry associated with them.

Colour raster copies of maps by Czech and European cartographers, cartographic shops and publishing houses up to year 1850. Maps and plans and usually printed, exceptionally manuscripts. The collection is divided into three parts: Czech maps, foreign territory, city plans.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2020; generated by CCRPC staff; using 2020 Census Demographic Data Map Viewer; https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/2021/geo/demographicmapviewer.html; (18 August 2021); U.S. Census Bureau; Census 2000, Summary File 1, Table DP-1; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; http://factfinder2.census.gov; (30 December 2015). U.S. Census Bureau; Census 2010, Summary File 1, Table P1; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; http://factfinder2.census.gov; (30 December 2015). U.S. Census Bureau; 1980 Census of Population, Volume 1: Characteristics of the Population, Chapter A: Number of Inhabitants, Part 15: Illinois, PC80-1-A15, Table 2, Land Area and Population: 1930-1980. U.S. Census Bureau; Fourteenth Census of the United States; State Compendium Illinois, Table 1. - Area and Population of Counties: 1850 to 1920; https://www.census.gov/library/publications/1924/dec/state-compendium.html; (23 August 2018).

The data on this CD consist of geographic information system (GIS) coverages and tabular data on the geology of Early Proterozoic and Archean rocks in part of the Early Proterozoic Penokean orogeny. The map emphasizes metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks that were deposited along the southern margin of the Superior craton and were later deformed during continental collision at about 1850 Ma. The area includes the famous iron ranges of the south shore region of the Lake Superior district. Base maps, both as digital raster graphics (DRG) and digital line graphs (DLG) are also provided for the convenience of users. The map has been compiled from many individual studies, mostly by USGS researchers, completed during the past 50 years, including many detailed (1:24,000 scale) geologic maps. Data was compiled at 1:100,000 scale and preserves most of the details of source materials. This product is a preliminary release of the geologic map data bases during ongoing studies of the geology and metallogeny of the Penokean continental margin. Files are provided in three formats: Federal Spatial Data Transfer format (SDTS), Arc export format (.e00) files, and Arc coverages. All files can be accessed directly from the CD-ROM using either ARC/INFO 7.1.2 or later or Arc View 3.0 or later software. ESRI's Arc Explorer, a free GIS data viewer also provides display and querying capability for these files.

Contained within the 3rd Edition (1957) of the Atlas of Canada is a plate that shows the distribution of population in what is now Canada circa 1851, 1871, 1901, 1921 and 1941. The five maps display the boundaries of the various colonies, provinces and territories for each date. Also shown on these five maps are the locations of principal cities and settlements. These places are shown on all of the maps for reference purposes even though they may not have been in existence in the earlier years. Each map is accompanied by a pie chart providing the percentage distribution of Canadian population by province and territory corresponding to the date the map is based on. It should be noted that the pie chart entitled Percentage Distribution of Total Population, 1851, refers to the whole of what was then British North America. The name Canada in this chart refers to the province of Canada which entered confederation in 1867 as Ontario and Quebec. The other pie charts, however, show only percentage distribution of population in what was Canada at the date indicated. Three additional graphs are included on this plate and show changes in the distribution of the population of Canada from 1867 to 1951, changes in the percentage distribution of the population of Canada by provinces and territories from 1867 to 1951 and elements in the growth of the population of Canada for each ten-year period from 1891 to 1951.

There are critical needs for a nationwide compilation of reliable shoreline data. To meet these needs, the USGS has produced a comprehensive database of digital vector shorelines by compiling shoreline positions from pre-existing historical shoreline databases and by generating historical and modern shoreline data. Shorelines are compiled by state and generally correspond to one of four time periods: 1800s, 1920s-1930s, 1970s, and 1998-2002. Each shoreline may represent a compilation of data from one or more sources for one or more dates provided by one or more agencies. Details regarding source are provided in the 'Data Quality Information' section of this metadata report. Shoreline vectors derived from historic sources (first three time periods) represent the high water line at the time of the survey, whereas modern shorelines (final time period) represent the mean high water line.

This data was created to depict portions of state-owned Sovereign Lands that are under the jurisdiction of the California State Lands Commission. Data coverage is currently limited to reaches 1A, 4A and 4B1 of the San Joaquin River.The California State Lands Commission (CSLC) was created by the California Legislature in 1938 and given the authority and responsibility to manage certain public lands within the state. The public lands under the Commission’s jurisdiction are of two distinct types—sovereign lands acquired upon California’s admission into the Union in 1850; and certain federally granted lands including school lands, and swamp and overflowed lands. For purposes of this GIS data, sovereign lands are considered to be further divided into two general categories—fixed-boundary sovereign lands and ambulatory-boundary sovereign lands. The following lands are included in this data: · Portions of the ambulatory-boundary for state sovereign lands at a specific point in time, for portions of the San Joaquin River. NOT INCLUDED IN THIS DATA: · School lands: These are what remains of nearly 5.5 million acres throughout the state originally granted to California by Congress in 1853 to benefit public education. · Fixed-boundary sovereign lands: These are sovereign, public trust lands having fixed boundaries as the result of land exchanges, boundary line agreements or court orders. · Swamps and overflowed lands: These are what remain of federal lands granted to California by Congress in 1850 to encourage reclamation and development of agricultural lands. ALSO NOT INCLUDED IN THIS DATA: Ownership details within the U.S. Government meanders of Owens Lake. THIS DATA SUPERSEDES all previously published GIS information with respect to the above described state-owned lands under the jurisdiction of the CSLC.

Colour raster copies of maps by Czech and European cartographers, cartographic shops and publishing houses up to year 1850. Maps and plans and usually printed, exceptionally manuscripts. The collection is divided into three parts: Czech maps, foreign territory, city plans.

This dataset presents spatiotemporal dynamics of phosphorus (P) fertilizer management (application rate, timing, and method) at a 4km × 4 km resolution in agricultural land of the contiguous U.S. from 1850 to 2022. By harmonizing multiple data sources, we reconstructed the county-level crop-specific P fertilizer use history. We then spatialized and resampled P fertilizer use data to 4 km × 4 km gridded maps based on historical U.S. cropland distribution and crop type database developed by Ye et al. (2024).

This dataset contains (1) P fertilizer total consumption and mean application rate at the national level (Tabular); (2) P fertilizer consumption of 11 crops at the state level (Tabular); (3) P fertilizer consumption of permanent pasture (Tabular); (4) P fertilizer consumption of non-farm at the state level (Tabular); (5) P fertilizer application rate of 11 crop types at the state level (Tabular); (6) P fertilizer application rate of 11 crop types at the county level (Tabular); (7) P fertilizer application timing ratio at the state level (Tabular); (8) P fertilizer application method ratio at the state level (Tabular); (9) Gridded maps of P fertilizer application rate based on state-level data; (10) and (11) Gridded maps of P fertilizer application rate based on county-level data; (12)-(20) Gridded maps of P fertilizer application rate for each crop.

A detailed description of the data development processes, key findings, and uncertainties can be found in Cao, P., Yi, B., Bilotto, F., Gonzalez Fischer, C., Herrero, M., Lu, C.: Crop-specific Management History of Phosphorus fertilizer input (CMH-P) in the croplands of United States: Reconciliation of top-down and bottom-up data sources, is under review for the journal Earth System Science Data (ESSD). https://essd.copernicus.org/preprints/essd-2024-67/#discussion.

This work is supported by the Iowa Nutrient Research Center, the ISU College of Liberal Arts and Sciences Dean's Faculty Fellowship, and NSF CAREER grant (1945036).

The tectonic earthquake data are primarily from a Uniform Moment Magnitude Earthquake Catalog developed for Utah and its surrounding region by Arabasz and others (2016) for the time period 1850 through September 2012. For the map, we extended the catalog through December 2016 and expanded it to include earthquakes smaller than magnitude 2.9. MIS was excluded from the compilation of Arabasz and others (2016) but has been added to the map to show its significance in east-central Utah. Data for the seismic events plotted on the map are listed in two separate catalogs in the form of an ArcGIS feature class within a file geodatabase. The catalog files are available in the Utah Geospatial Resource Center (UGRC) State Geographic Information Database (SGID, https://gis.utah.gov/data/geoscience/) and at https://ugspub.nr.utah.gov/publications/open_file_reports/ofr-667/ofr-667.zip. The primary catalog used for the map, termed the Earthquake Catalog (EQ Catalog, Utah_EQcat_1850_2016), comprises tectonic earthquakes located within the “Utah Region” (lat. 36.75° to 42.50° N, long. 108.75° to 114.25° W) from 1850 through 2016. This region is the standard region used by the University of Utah Seismograph Stations (UUSS) for the compilation and reporting of earthquakes within and surrounding Utah. Note that the map covers most, but not all, of the Utah Region. The map delineates two areas in east-central Utah that are characterized by predominantly (more than 90%) MIS. All seismic events (including both MIS and tectonic earthquakes) located in these two areas are listed in a separate catalog, termed the Coal-Mining-Region Catalog (CMR Catalog)(Utah_CMRcat_1928_2016), which extends from 1928 (the year of the first located event) through 2016. The EQ and CMR catalogs are mutually exclusive. The EQ Catalog does not include tectonic earthquakes located within the two delineated areas of predominantly MIS. More information about the earthquake epicenter data is contained in UGS OFR 667 (https://ugspub.nr.utah.gov/publications/open_file_reports/ofr-667/ofr-667.pdf).

The Netherlands is the only country with a special service for water-state artography. This is due to the unique structure of the Dutch landscape. The fact that about half of our land is below sea level requires special management measures. The water state artography contributes to this with maps that provide an inventory of the water management infrastructure of the country.From around 1850 onwards, a systematic mapping of the Netherlands began. The first edition of the Water Management Map of the Netherlands 1:50.000 was published from 1865 (Ormeling & Kraak, 1993, p. 229). In principle, five editions of the water state map have been published. However, the number of editions varies considerably per map sheet. Of some chart sheets, only four editions have been published, from others six or even seven. In addition, there are already three editions of certain map sheets, while the second edition still had to be released from other map sheets. The sheet layout has also been modified several times, based on the Topographic Service.

In the description of the five editions, the separate map sheet was the starting point. This means that cards from the same year can appear in different editions.

Colour raster copies of maps by Czech and European cartographers, cartographic shops and publishing houses up to year 1850. Maps and plans and usually printed, exceptionally manuscripts. The collection is divided into three parts: Czech maps, foreign territory, city plans.

Barevné rastrové kopie map českých i evropských kartografů, kartografických dílen a vydavatelství do roku 1850. Zpravidla jde o mapy a plány tištěné, výjimečně i rukopisné. Soubor je rozdělen do tří celků: bohemika, zahraniční území, plány měst.