Abstract Australia's Land Borders is a product within the Foundation Spatial Data Framework (FSDF) suite of datasets. It is endorsed by the ANZLIC – the Spatial Information Council and the Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping (ICSM) as the nationally consistent representation of the land borders as published by the Australian states and territories. It is topologically correct in relation to published jurisdictional land borders and the Geocoded National Address File (G-NAF). The purpose of this product is to provide:

a building block which enables development of other national datasets; integration with other geospatial frameworks in support of data analysis; and visualisation of these borders as cartographic depiction on a map.

Although this service depicts land borders, it is not nor does it purport to be a legal definition of these borders. Therefore it cannot and must not be used for those use-cases pertaining to legal context. Termination Points are the point at which the state border polylines meet the coastline. For the purpose of this product, the coastline is defined as the Mean High Water Mark (MHWM). In the absence of a new MHWM for NSW, the Jervis Bay termination points are defined by the NSW cadastre. This feature layer is a sub-layer of the Land Borders service. Currency Date modified: 10 November 2021 Modification frequency: None Data extent Spatial extent North: -14.88° South: -38.06° East: 153.55° West: 129.00° Source information Catalog entry: Australia's Land Borders The Land Borders dataset is created using a range of source data including:

Australian Capital Territory data was sourced from the ACT Government GeoHub – ‘ACT Boundary’. No changes have been made to the polylines or vertices of the source data. In the absence of any custodian published border for Jervis Bay – New South Wales, a border has been constructed from the boundary of the NSW cadastre supplied by NSW Spatial Services. Geoscience Australia’s GEODATA TOPO 250K data was considered as an alternative, however, that border terminated short of the coastline as it stops at the shoreline of the major water bodies. Therefore, a decision was made to use the NSW and OT supplied cadastre to create a new representation of the Jervis Bay border that continued to the coastline (MHWM), in place of the TOPO 250K data. In the absence of publicly available data from New South Wales, the land borders for New South Wales have been constructed using the data of adjoining states Queensland, South Australia, Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory. This approach is agreeable to New South Wales Government for this interim product. In the absence of publicly available data from the Northern Territory the land borders for the Northern Territory have been constructed using the data of adjoining states Western Australia, Queensland and South Australia. This approach is agreeable to Northern Territory Government for this interim product. Queensland state border and coastline data have been download from the Queensland Spatial, Catalogue – QSpatial. Publicly available data for the state borders of South Australia was downloaded from data.gov.au and is ‘SA State Boundary - PSMA Administrative Boundaries’. Downloaded as a file geodatabase in GDA2020. Victorian state border data has been downloaded from the Victorian state Government Spatial Datamart, it is titled ‘FR_FRAMEWORK_AREA_LINE’. The Victorian state border data was used for the NSW/VIC section of border due to the absence of any publicly available data from New South Wales for this section of the border. Western Australian state border data was downloaded from the WA Government as publicly available. The Western Australia state border data has been used for the WA/NT section of the border due to the absence of publicly available data from Northern Territory for this section of the border. Selecting the SA data for the WA/SA border would introduce mismatches with the WA cadastre. It would also not improve the SA relationship with the SA cadastre. Using the WA data for the WA/SA section of the border aligns each state with its own cadastre without causing overlaps.

Sources specific to the Termination Points are as follows:

Jurisdictions Coastline data source

NT/QLD Publicly available Queensland Coastline and State Border data

QLD/NSW Publicly available Queensland Coastline and State Border data

NSW/VIC VIC Framework (1:25K) line

VIC/SA Coastline Capture Program (of SA by Tasmania)

SA/WA Coastline Capture Program (of SA by Tasmania)

WA/NT Coastline Capture Program (of NT by Tasmania)

JBT (OT) NSW Cadastre

Lineage statement At the southwest end of the NT/SA/WA border the South Australian data for the border was edited by moving the end vertex ~1.7m to correctly create the intersection of the 3 states (SA/WA/NT). At the southeast end of the NT/QLD/SA border the South Australian data for the border was edited by moving the end vertex ~0.4m to correctly create the intersection of the 3 states (NT/SA/QLD). Queensland data was used for the NT/QLD border and the QLD/NSW border due to the absence of publicly available data from the Northern Territory for these section of the border. Data published by Queensland also included a border sections running westwards along the southern Northern Territory border and southwards along the western New South Wales border. These two sections were excluded from the product as they are not within the state of Queensland. Queensland data was also used in the entirety for the SA/QLD segment of the land borders. Although the maximum overlap between SA and QLD state border data was less than ~5m (and varied along the border), the Queensland data closely matched its own cadastre and that of South Australia. The South Australian data overlapped the Queensland data, it also did not match the South Australian cadastre. Therefore, a decision to use the Queensland data for the QLD/SA section of the border ensured the best possible topological consistency with the published cadastre of each state. The South Australian/Victorian state border, north-south, were generally very similar with some minor deviations from each other from less than 1m to ~60m (there is one instance of deviation of 170m). The section of border that follows the Murray River is matched, for the most part by both states. Over three quarters of the border running along the river is matched with both states. There is a mismatch between the states in the last quarter of the border along the river, the northern section, however, both states still have the border running inside, or along, the river polygon (Surface hydrology), the Victorian data was chosen for this section purely for consistency as the Victorian data was used for the preceding arcs. Overall, the Victorian data was selected for use as the South Australia/Victoria land border. After taking the existing cadastre and GNAF points into account and it did not introduce extra errors into the relationship between the land borders and the cadastre of either state. In parts, it improved the relationship between the South Australian cadastre and the SA/VIC state border. This interim product will be updated when all states and territories have published agreed, authoritative representations of their land borders. This product will also be updated to include land mass polygons at time when the Coastline Capture Program is complete. This dataset is GDA 2020 compliant - transformed into GDA2020 from it's original source datum. Reference System Code 2020.00. Data dictionary All Layers

Attribute name Description

CREATE_DATE Date on which the positional data point was created in the data set

Field All features in this data set are labelled "TERMINATION_POINT"

SOURCE Project from which the data point information is derived

STATEMENT Legal disclaimer for the positional data

STATES Termination points divide at least two states and/or territories

Contact Geoscience Australia, clientservices@ga.gov.au

Please note this dataset is the most recent version of the Administrative Boundaries (AB). For previous versions of the AB please go to this url: https://data.gov.au/dataset/ds-dga-b4ad5702-ea2b-4f04-833c-d0229bfd689e/details?q=previous

Geoscape Administrative Boundaries is Australia’s most comprehensive national collection of boundaries, including government, statistical and electoral boundaries. It is built and maintained by Geoscape Australia using authoritative government data. Further information about contributors to Administrative Boundaries is available here.

This dataset comprises seven Geoscape products:

• Localities
• Local Government Areas (LGAs)
• Wards
• Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Boundaries
• Electoral Boundaries
• State Boundaries and
• Town Points

Updated versions of Administrative Boundaries are published on a quarterly basis.

Users have the option to download datasets with feature coordinates referencing either GDA94 or GDA2020 datums.

Notable changes in the May 2025 release

• Victorian Wards have seen almost half of the dataset change now reflecting the boundaries from the 2024 subdivision review. https://www.vec.vic.gov.au/electoral-boundaries/council-reviews/ subdivision-reviews.

  • There have been spatial changes (area) greater than 1 km2 to 66 wards in Victoria.

• One new locality ‘Kenwick Island’ has been added to the local Government area ‘Mackay Regional’ in Queensland.

  • There have been spatial changes(area) greater than 1 km2 to the local government areas 'Burke Shire' and 'Mount Isa City' in Queensland.

• There have been spatial changes(area) greater than 1 km2 to the localities ‘Nicholson’, ‘Lawn Hill’ and ‘Coral Sea’ in Queensland and ‘Calguna’, ‘Israelite Bay’ and ‘Balladonia’ in Western Australia.

• An update to the NT Commonwealth Electoral Boundaries has been applied to reflect the redistribution of the boundaries gazetted on 4 March 2025.

• Geoscape has become aware that the DATE_CREATED and DATE_RETIRED attributes in the commonwealth_electoral_polygon MapInfo TAB tables were incorrectly ordered and did not match the product data model. These attributes have been re-ordered to match the data model for the May 2025 release.

IMPORTANT NOTE: correction of issues with the 22 November 2022 release

• On 28 November 2022, the Administrative Boundaries dataset originally released on 22 November 2022 was amended and re-uploaded after Geoscape identified some issues with the original data for 'Electoral Boundaries'.
• As a result of the error, some shapefiles were published in 3D rather than 2D, which may affect some users when importing data into GIS applications.
• The error affected the Electoral Boundaries dataset, specifically the Commonwealth boundary data for Victoria and Western Australia, including 'All States'.
• Only the ESRI Shapefile formats were affected (both GDA94 and GDA2020). The MapInfo TAB format was not affected.
• Because the datasets are zipped into a single file, once the error was fixed by Geoscape all of Administrative Boundaries shapefiles had to be re-uploaded, rather than only the affected files.
• If you downloaded either of the two Administrative Boundary ESRI Shapefiles between 22 November and 28 November 2022 and plan to use the Electoral Boundary component, you are advised to download the revised version dated 28 November 2022. Apologies for any inconvenience.

Further information on Administrative Boundaries, including FAQs on the data, is available here or through Geoscape Australia’s network of partners. They provide a range of commercial products based on Administrative Boundaries, including software solutions, consultancy and support.

Note: On 1 October 2020, PSMA Australia Limited began trading as Geoscape Australia.

The Australian Government has negotiated the release of Administrative Boundaries to the whole economy under an open CCBY 4.0 licence.

Users must only use the data in ways that are consistent with the Australian Privacy Principles issued under the Privacy Act 1988 (Cth).

Users must also note the following attribution requirements:

Preferred attribution for the Licensed Material:

Administrative Boundaries © Geoscape Australia licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0).

Preferred attribution for Adapted Material:

Incorporates or developed using Administrative Boundaries © Geoscape Australia licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence (CC BY 4.0).

What to Expect When You Download Administrative Boundaries

Administrative Boundaries is large dataset (around 1.5GB unpacked), made up of seven themes each containing multiple layers.

Users are advised to read the technical documentation including the product change notices and the individual product descriptions before downloading and using the product.

Please note this dataset is the most recent version of the Administrative Boundaries (AB). For previous versions of the AB please go to this url: https://data.gov.au/dataset/ds-dga-b4ad5702-ea2b-4f04-833c-d0229bfd689e/details?q=previous

License Information

Outline map of Australia (with state borders)

You can also purchase hard copies of Geoscience Australia data and other products at http://www.ga.gov.au/products-services/how-to-order-products/sales-centre.html

Outline map of Australia (with state borders)

Australia's Land Borders is a product within the Foundation Spatial Data Framework (FSDF) suite of datasets. It is endorsed by the ANZLIC - the Spatial Information Council and the Intergovernmental …Show full descriptionAustralia's Land Borders is a product within the Foundation Spatial Data Framework (FSDF) suite of datasets. It is endorsed by the ANZLIC - the Spatial Information Council and the Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping (ICSM) as a nationally consistent and topologically correct representation of the land borders published by the Australian states and territories. The purpose of this product is to provide: (i) a building block which enables development of other national datasets; (ii) integration with other geospatial frameworks in support of data analysis; and (iii) visualisation of these borders as cartographic depiction on a map. Although this dataset depicts land borders, it is not nor does it suggests to be a legal definition of these borders. Therefore it cannot and must not be used for those use-cases pertaining to legal context. This product is constructed by Geoscience Australia (GA), on behalf of the ICSM, from authoritative open data published by the land mapping agencies in their respective Australian state and territory jurisdictions. Construction of a nationally consistent dataset required harmonisation and mediation of data issues at abutting land borders. In order to make informed and consistent determinations, other datasets were used as visual aid in determining which elements of published jurisdictional data to promote into the national product. These datasets include, but are not restricted to: (i) PSMA Australia's commercial products such as the cadastral (property) boundaries (CadLite) and Geocoded National Address File (GNAF); (ii) Esri's World Imagery and Imagery with Labels base maps; and (iii) Geoscience Australia's GEODATA TOPO 250K Series 3. Where practical, Land Borders do not cross cadastral boundaries and are logically consistent with addressing data in GNAF. It is important to reaffirm that although third-party commercial datasets are used for validation, which is within remit of the licence agreement between PSMA and GA, no commercially licenced data has been promoted into the product. Australian Land Borders are constructed exclusively from published open data originating from state, territory and federal agencies. This foundation dataset consists of edges (polylines) representing mediated segments of state and/or territory borders, connected at the nodes and terminated at the coastline defined as the Mean High Water Mark (MHWM) tidal boundary. These polylines are attributed to convey information about provenance of the source. It is envisaged that land borders will be topologically interoperable with the future national coastline dataset/s, currently being built through the ICSM coastline capture collaboration program. Topological interoperability will enable closure of land mass polygon, permitting spatial analysis operations such as vector overly, intersect, or raster map algebra. In addition to polylines, the product incorporates a number of well-known survey-monumented corners which have historical and cultural significance associated with the place name. This foundation dataset is constructed from the best-available data, as published by relevant custodian in state and territory jurisdiction. It should be noted that some custodians - in particular the Northern Territory and New South Wales - have opted out or to rely on data from abutting jurisdiction as an agreed portrayal of their border. Accuracy and precision of land borders as depicted by spatial objects (features) may vary according to custodian specifications, although there is topological coherence across all the objects within this integrated product. The guaranteed minimum nominal scale for all use-cases, applying to complete spatial coverage of this product, is 1:25 000. In some areas the accuracy is much better and maybe approaching cadastre survey specification, however, this is an artefact of data assembly from disparate sources, rather than the product design. As the principle, no data was generalised or spatially degraded in the process of constructing this product. Some use-cases for this product are: general digital and web map-making applications; a reference dataset to use for cartographic generalisation for a smaller-scale map applications; constraining geometric objects for revision and updates to the Mesh Blocks, the building blocks for the larger regions of the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) framework; rapid resolution of cross-border data issues to enable construction and visual display of a common operating picture, etc. This foundation dataset will be maintained at irregular intervals, for example if a state or territory jurisdiction decides to publish or republish their land borders. If there is a new version of this dataset, past version will be archived and information about the changes will be made available in the change log.

Abstract This dataset and its metadata statement were supplied to the Bioregional Assessment Programme by a third party and are presented here as originally supplied. Data layer includes polygons and lines that represent the State mainland, islands and adjacent ocean. The Coastline is an interpretation of the mean high water mark for the state. The 2004 GeoScience Australia GeoData Coast 100k has been used to define all state borders. The Ocean extent is arbitrary and does not define State Waters. ## Purpose Can be used for general mapping purposes. ## Dataset History The layer has been compiled from the State coastline recaptured in 2005, together with State borders based upon the standard map grid and DCDB county layers. ## Dataset Citation SA Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (2015) Topography - South Australia - PED. Bioregional Assessment Source Dataset. Viewed 12 October 2016, http://data.bioregionalassessments.gov.au/dataset/e6a8716d-4d1c-4a41-a9df-c8240b3579d9.

Cost to export, border compliance (US$) in Australia was reported at 766 USD in 2019, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Australia - Cost to export, border compliance (US$) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Cost to import, border compliance (US$) in Australia was reported at 539 USD in 2019, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Australia - Cost to import, border compliance (US$) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Using an airborne electro-magnetic system previously unused in Australia called Spectrem, the Geoscience Australia groundwater survey will measure variations in the electrical conductivity of the ground. The survey was planned in the remote south-west of the Northern Territory near the West Australian border around the communities of Kintore, Nyirripi and Papunya, in 2011 but was not flown due to circumstances beyond our control.

Export Data Access API

Origininally data is sourced from https://data.gov.au/data/dataset/accc-mobile-infrastructure-report-data-release.

In order to load the data in the portal, some coversion and manioulation are done. Hence it is possible to have mismatches between sources data and the published in the spatial collaboration portal.

GEODATA Coast 100K 2004 is a vector representation of the topographic features depicting Australia`s coastline, and State and Territory borders.

Data are derived from the 1:100,000 scale National Topographic Map Series and contains:
-Coastline features (as determined by Mean High Water)
-Survey Monument Points (survey points used to define State/Territory borders) -State and Territory land borders
-Island features (please note: Australian external territories are not shown).

The coastline includes the main outline of the land and includes bays, the outer edge of mangroves and closes off narrow inlets and watercourses at or near their mouths.

Features of the 2004 release include:
-Change of datum to GDA94 -Provision of a national coverage in addition to State/Territory coverages; and Additional points on the SA/VIC border.

NOTE: The use of survey data in GEODATA COAST 100K 2004 does not imply that data are suitable for any legal interpretation of State/Territory borders.

Product Specifications: Coverage: Supplied as separate State and Territory layers, along with a complete national layer Currency: Varies and is based on reliability date of 1:100,000 scale map Coordinates: Geographical Datum: GDA94 Format: ArcInfo Export, ArcView Shapefile and Mapinfo mid/mif Medium: Free online

You can also purchase hard copies of Geoscience Australia data and other products at http://www.ga.gov.au/products-services/how-to-order-products/sales-centre.html

This GIS data package contains airborne electromagnetic (AEM) datasets and interpreted data products for the Lindsay-Wallpolla and Lake Victoria-Darling Anabranch survey area, as part of the River Murray Corridor (RMC) Salinity Mapping and Interpretation Project. The RMC project was undertaken between 2006 and 2010 to provide information on a range of salinity and land management issues along a 450 kilometre reach of the Murray River from the South Australian border to Gunbower, northwest of Echuca in Victoria. The Lindsay-Wallpolla survey area extends from the South Australian border to approximately 10 kilometres west of Mildura, incorporating Lake Victoria and the lower reaches of the Darling and Darling Anabranch river systems. This metadata briefly describes the contents of the data package. The user guide included in the package contains more detailed information about the individual datasets and available technical reports. The main components in the package are: AEM data and images derived from a holistic inversion of the RMC RESOLVE AEM survey; a composite digital elevation model (DEM); a range of interpreted data products designed to map key elements of the hydrogeological system and salinity hazard; and a series of ESRI ArcGIS map documents. The AEM data component consists of grids and images of modelled conductivity data derived from a holistic inversion of the RMC RESOLVE AEM survey. They include: layer conductivity grids below ground surface; depth slice grids representing the average conductivity of various regular depth intervals below ground surface; floodplain slice grids representing the average conductivity of various depth intervals relative to the elevation above or below a surface that approximates the River Murray floodplain; watertable slice grids representing the average conductivity of various intervals relative to the elevation above or below the regional watertable; and AEM cross sections of conductivity versus depth along each of the flight lines. The holistic inversion AEM data are derived from the 'River Murray Corridor RESOLVE AEM Survey, VIC & NSW, 2007 Final Data (P1141)', available as GA product (GeoCat #67212). The DEM data component consists of a 10 metre resolution composite DEM for the River Murray Corridor AEM Survey area, derived from airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) surveys, AEM surveys and the shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM) survey. The interpreted data component is organised into product themes to address salinity and land management questions and to map key elements of the hydrogeological system and salinity hazards. An ArcGIS map document is included for each product theme. The products include: Blanchetown Clay; conductive soils; flush zones; groundwater conductivity; strategic extents and reliability; near surface conductive zones; near surface resistive zones; Parilla Sands; Quaternary alluvium; recharge; salt store; surface salt; vegetation health; and Woorinen Formation. The RMC project was funded through the National Action Plan for Salinity and Water Quality, with additional funding from the Lower Murray Catchment Management Authority (CMA), Mallee CMA, Goulburn-Murray Water and the Murray-Darling Basin Authority. The project was administered by the Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry through the Bureau of Rural Sciences, now known as the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (ABARES). Geoscience Australia (GA) were contracted to provide geophysical services to manage the AEM system selection and data acquisition, and to process and calibrate the AEM data. The AEM survey was flown by Fugro Airborne Geophysical Services in 2007 using the helicopter-borne RESOLVE frequency domain system. The Cooperative Research Centre for Landscape Environments and Mineral Exploration was sub-contracted through GA to manage the interpretation and reporting component of the RMC project.

Abstract This dataset and its metadata statement were supplied to the Bioregional Assessment Programme by a third party and are presented here as originally supplied. Data layer includes polygons …Show full descriptionAbstract This dataset and its metadata statement were supplied to the Bioregional Assessment Programme by a third party and are presented here as originally supplied. Data layer includes polygons and lines that represent the State mainland, islands and adjacent ocean. The Coastline is an interpretation of the mean high water mark for the state. The 2004 GeoScience Australia GeoData Coast 100k has been used to define all state borders. The Ocean extent is arbitrary and does not define State Waters. Purpose Can be used for general mapping purposes. Dataset History The layer has been compiled from the State coastline recaptured in 2005, together with State borders based upon the standard map grid and DCDB county layers. Dataset Citation SA Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (2015) Topography - South Australia - ARC. Bioregional Assessment Source Dataset. Viewed 26 May 2016, http://data.bioregionalassessments.gov.au/dataset/04eed8b8-014a-4352-a863-e46c63e262bf.

Access API

The National Public Toilet Map shows the location of more than 17,000 public and private public toilet facilities across Australia. Details of toilet facilities can also be found along major travel routes and for shorter journeys as well. Useful information is provided about each toilet, such as location, opening hours, availability of baby change rooms, accessibility for people with disabilities and the details of other nearby toilets.

Abstract This dataset and its metadata statement were supplied to the Bioregional Assessment Programme by a third party and are presented here as originally supplied. The Border Rivers Gwydir and …Show full descriptionAbstract This dataset and its metadata statement were supplied to the Bioregional Assessment Programme by a third party and are presented here as originally supplied. The Border Rivers Gwydir and Namoi Regional Vegetation Map is a subset of the statewide vegetation mapping and classification program undertaken by the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH Regional Scale State Vegetation Map) and covers the two former Catchment Management Authority Regions.

The primary thematic data layer in this dataset is a map of regional scale Plant Community Types (PCT's). The map was developed from a process using vegetation surveys, remote sensing derivations, visual interpretation and spatial distribution models.

The full dataset comprises the following data layers as delivered in an ArcGIS 9.3 File Geo-database:

PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE: The primary map of Plant Community Types developed from an ensemble of visual interpretation of high resolution imagery and spatial distribution models.

WOODY EXTENT LAYER: A map of woody vegetation derived from classification of 5m SPOT-5 imagery.

KEITH CLASS: A map based on aerial photo interpretation and spatial distribution models.

MAP SOURCE: A map of the various sources of information used including spatial models, visual interpretation and existing map products.

SURVEY DENSITY ALL: A map of the density of all survey sites used.

SURVEY DENSITY FULL FLORISTICS: A map of the density of only full floristic survey sites used.

MODELLING CONFIDENCE: A map of the confidence outcomes achieved.

While much of the aerial photo interpretation employed was undertaken at around 1:8000, PCT attribution is generally at a much coarser scale. The Map Source layer (as described above) can be used as a guide to how vegetation attribution was derived. We recommend that the highest resolution appropriate for this product be 1:15000.

Validation Summary:

PCT Map: Based on 100% of the survey data (modelling and hand mapping), the final mapped product has an accuracy in the range 68%-70% for prediction of the three most likely PCTs. Be aware that these accuracies are highly variable across each PCT. Some PCT's utilised more site data than others. Keith Class reached a 76% accuracy using the independent test data. Modelled PCT and modelled top 3 PCT overall accuracies were 53% and 68% respectively. Woody Extent received a 92% overall accuracy.

Accompanying documents: BRGNamoi Technical Notes.pdf - Technical Report BRGN_PCT_KC_LUT.xls - A look-up table listing the relationship between PCT, Keith Class and Keith Formation classifications.\ BRGNv2_Spatial_Layer_Descriptors.txt BRGN_V2.mxd Border Rivers Gwydir / Namoi Regional Native Vegetation Mapping Technical Notes Version 1.0. Reference: NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, 2015. BRG-Namoi Regional Native Vegetation Mapping. Technical Notes, NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, Sydney, Australia.

The download package contains a "quick view" map composite of the study area only. The quick view maps are of PCT, Keith Class, Keith Form, Map Source and Modelling Confidence. They also show the broad-scale line work. For more detailed line work and woody percent per polygon, please refer to the full dataset.

For access queries regarding the full dataset, please contact: data.broker@environment.nsw.gov.au

BRG_Namoi_v2_0_E_4204. \ VIS_ID 4204 Purpose This dataset was developed as part of the OEH State Vegetation Map to provide government and community with regional-scale information about native vegetation. Dataset History A summary of the product's lineage is below. Please refer to the Technical Notes v1.0 for a detailed description of the methodologies and source datasets.

The PCT map was derived primarily using a spatial modeling approach augmented with high resolution aerial imagery (50cm ADS40) for visual interpretation and automated line-work derivation. \ In summary the process for PCT attribution involved the following:

1. Vegetation Survey and Classification: Existing floristic plot data comprised 9054 existing sites after data cleaning. A large number of gaps in existing survey coverage were evident and required further survey information. Stratification based on archive broad vegetation type mapping (Regional Vegetation Types; Eco Logical Australia 2008b) and gap analysis was undertaken to select locations for additional plot data collection. A total of 6013 additional rapid data points were collected. To allocate survey sites to PCTs, full floristic plots were analysed using a UPGMA clustering approach in Primer with significant groups identified using SIMPROF and species contributions for each resulting group calculated using SIMPER. The existing plot data were allocated across 258 PCTs.

2. Pattern Derivation: A multi-resolution segmentation algorithm was used to create image objects with low internal variation. Image objects represent patches of vegetation that can later be classified based on attributes such as crown cover, spectral response, or soil type. The segmentation parameters and scale was derived iteratively based on visual inspection. Vegetation patterns from existing stereoscopic aerial photo interpretation and those recognised in high spatial resolution imagery (ADS40) were used as a reference point. Segmentation was performed using ADS40, SPOT 5 and SRTM derived topographic indices. this process provided the line work for subsequent PCT attribution.

3. Visual attribution of Landscape Class: The purpose of attributing Landscape classes to polygons is to predetermine broad vegetation types for modelling purposes using remote sensing. These classes reduce the PCT options for any one polygon making the modeling more effective in its attribution with commensurate less computing effort/time. A landscape class was attributed to every polygon in the study area. Landscape classes were aided by reference to existing mapping. Corrections were made based on ADS40 with on-screen attribution. Every polygon was visually checked by an expert interpreter.

4. Modelling Envelopes:As a further constraint to modelling outcomes, spatial envelopes were used to constrain PCTs to a certain geographic range, reducing the amount of types competing within the model at any particular location. The constraints used were applied at different stages in the mapping process. The Keith Class (Keith 2004) models were constrained to particular IBRA (Interim Bioregionalisation of Australia v7; Commonwealth of Australia 2012) subregions, selected based on review of the literature and expert opinion. The type models were constrained to particular ranges of a topographic position index, again based on literature review and expert opinion. Not all types were constrained by topographic envelopes, as some were considered to be less correlated with particular topographic positions.

5. Spatial Distribution Modelling of Keith Classes and Plant Community Types. Modelling of Keith Class and PCT used a combination (ensemble) of Generalised Dissimilarity Model (GDM), Boosted Regression Trees (BRT), and a simple Nearest Neighbour model.A suite of candidate environmental predictor variables, including climate, geology, soil, geophysical data, and terrain indices, were compiled for use in the GDM and BRT models. A comprehensive list of these predictor variables can be found in the Technical Notes v1.0.

6. Uplifted API and Expert Editing: Vegetation communities from the Gwydir Wetlands and Floodplain Vegetation Map 2008 (Bowen & Simpson 2010) were spatially translated into the current line-work via a majority extent per polygon algorithm. The vegetation community mapping resulting from the aforementioned procedures was extensively edited on screen to correct attribution where there may have been for example existing API, missed vegetation, ecological anomalies, incorrect assignments, modelling noise and inclusion of late site data. The extent of each attribution source is delineated by the Map Source data layer provided in this dataset.

For further details on methodology and validation please refer to the Border Rivers Gwydir / Namoi Regional Native Vegetation Mapping Technical Notes Version 1.0. Reference: NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, 2015. BRG-Namoi Regional Native Vegetation Mapping. Technical Notes, NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, Sydney, Australia. Dataset Citation NSW Office of Environment and Heritage (2015) Border Rivers Gwydir / Namoi Regional Native Vegetation Map Version 2.0. VIS_ID 4204. Bioregional Assessment Source Dataset. Viewed 11 December 2018, http://data.bioregionalassessments.gov.au/dataset/b3ca03dc-ed6e-4fdd-82ca-e9406a6ad74a.

This dataset was superseded by the State Vegetation Type Map (https://datasets.seed.nsw.gov.au/dataset/nsw-state-vegetation-type-map) on 24.06.2022.

The NSW Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) is producing a new map of the State’s native vegetation. This seamless map of NSW’s native vegetation types will enable government, industry and the community to better understand the composition and the relative significance of the native vegetation in their local area.

The State Vegetation Type Map (SVTM) (http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/vegetation/state-vegetation-type-map.htm ) is constructed from the best available imagery, site survey records, and environmental information. Existing vegetation mapping has been integrated in some locations. Each vegetation survey is assigned to a Plant Community Type (PCT) and this is used to create a model of the distribution of each type. Their place in the landscape is then attributed based on the visual interpretation of vegetation structure. The SVTM is designed to be dynamically improved and upgraded as new local information becomes available.

Each quickview map is attributed with a code for all three tiers of the NSW vegetation type classification system: Formations, Classes, and Plant Community Types (PCTs).

The following fields are available for all maps:

PCTID: The unique identifier for the Plant Community Type. The PCT Id is captured as part of the mapping program.

PCTName: A colloquial description of the plant community that can be understood by non-botanists. It may include common names of dominant plant species, names of a geographical region, a substrate, a soil type or a climatic zone.

PCTIDMod1: The most likely Plant Community Type to occur in the polygon, identified by its PCT Id. This value is as derived from a spatial model that may provide one or more PCT alternatives. It provides an indication of PCT uncertainty, as several PCTs will usually have some probability of occurring at any particular location.

PCTIDMod2: The second most likely Plant Community Type identifier as derived from a spatial model.

PCTIDMod3: The third most likely Plant Community Type identifier as derived from a spatial model.

mapSource: The various sources of information used in deriving the vegetation map, including spatial models, visual interpretation and existing map products.

vegetationClass: Equivalence of a community to one of the Vegetation Classes as originally defined in the Keith (2004) Statewide Vegetation Map.

vegetationFormation: Equivalence of a community to one of the Vegetation Classes as original defined in the Keith (2004) Statewide Vegetation Map.

USER ACCURACY of Plant Community Type Models:

These results should be interpreted as a reflection of the model user accuracy, not map accuracy. [Map Accuracy = API Accuracy (visual interpretation of ADS40) x Model Accuracy (PCT Model Results)]. The accuracy of the API produced landscape class map has not been assessed at this stage. The model user accuracy below was derived by cross validation for CWL and RIV and by an 80/20 split for BRGN. User accuracy using cross validation is an estimate of how well the model would perform on a new, unmapped location. PCT User Accuracy is represented as a % (percentage). The number of field survey samples is recorded in the field Number of sites per PCT. The summary table below shows the number of PCTs modelled in each study area and the number of sites available (RIV includes pseudo-sites). PCT User Accuracy is weighted by the Number of sites per PCT. Accuracy is not reported for PCTs with less than 5 records. For a full description per PCT of user accuracy, please see attached 'User_Accuracy_per_PCT_VIS_ID_4467.pdf' located below under 'Data and Resources'.

Table 1: SVTM Number of PCTs, number of sites per PCT and PCT User Accuracy (weighted by number of sites)

|:Area::::::| Number of PCTs | Number of Sites | PCT user accuracy weighted by number of sites |

+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+

|:NBRG*:| 268:::::::::::::::::::::::| 2534:::::::::::::::::::| 54.9::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::|

+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+

|:CWL**::| 198:::::::::::::::::::::::::| 10463:::::::::::::::| 62.2::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::|

+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+

|:RIV:::::::| 130::::::::::::::::::::::::| 10699:::::::::::::::| 57.5:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::|

+-----------+-----------------------+----------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+

|:Total::::| 596:::::::::::::::::::::::::| 23696::::::::::::::::| 58.2::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::|

Results based on 80/20 Cal/Val split*

Cross validation results**

Quickview maps are simplified versions of the vegetation maps and only contain a subset of the attributes available. They are easier to navigate but still contain the top 3 most likely PCTs for each polygon.

A technical report is in press: State of New South Wales and Office of Environment and Heritage (2016) NSW State Vegetation Type Map – Central NSW, Part A: Summary, NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, Sydney, Australia. Meanwhile, for more technical detail about how the maps are created, or more detailed data, contact Bionet@environment.nsw.gov.au or visit http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/vegetation/state-vegetation-type-map.htm. VIS_ID 4467

This GIS data package contains airborne electromagnetic (AEM) datasets and interpreted data products for the Robinvale-Boundary Bend survey area, as part of the River Murray Corridor (RMC) Salinity Mapping and Interpretation Project. The RMC project was undertaken between 2006 and 2010 to provide information on a range of salinity and land management issues along a 450 kilometre reach of the Murray River from the South Australian border to Gunbower, northwest of Echuca in Victoria. The Robinvale-Boundary Bend survey area extends from Robinvale to the north of Wakool junction.

This metadata briefly describes the contents of the data package. The user guide included in the package contains more detailed information about the individual datasets and available technical reports.

The main components in the package are: AEM data and images derived from a holistic inversion of the RMC RESOLVE AEM survey; a composite digital elevation model (DEM); a range of interpreted data products designed to map key elements of the hydrogeological system and salinity hazards using the AEM dataset; and a series of ESRI ArcGIS map documents.

The AEM data component consists of grids and images of modelled conductivity data derived from a holistic inversion of the RMC RESOLVE AEM survey. They include: layer conductivity grids below ground surface; depth slice grids representing the average conductivity of various regular depth intervals below ground surface; floodplain slice grids representing the average conductivity of various depth intervals relative to the elevation above or below a surface that approximates the River Murray floodplain; watertable slice grids representing the average conductivity of various intervals relative to the elevation above or below the regional watertable; and AEM cross sections of conductivity versus depth along each of the flight lines. The holistic inversion AEM data are derived from the 'River Murray Corridor RESOLVE AEM Survey, VIC & NSW, 2007 Final Data (P1141)', available as Geoscience Australia product number 67212 (GeoCat #67212).

The DEM data component consists of a 10 metre horizontal resolution composite DEM for the River Murray Corridor AEM survey area derived from airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) surveys, AEM surveys and the shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM) survey.

The interpreted data component is organised into product themes to: address salinity and land management questions; and to map key elements of the hydrogeological system and salinity hazards. An ArcGIS map document is included for each product theme. The products include: Blanchetown Clay; conductive soils; flush zones; groundwater conductivity; stratigraphic extents and reliability; near surface conductive zones; near surface resistive zones; Parilla Sands; Quaternary alluvium; recharge; salt store; surface salt; vegetation health; and Woorinen Formation.

The RMC project was funded through the National Action Plan for Salinity and Water Quality with additional funding from the Lower Murray Catchment Management Authority (CMA), Mallee CMA, Goulburn-Murray Water and the Murray-Darling Basin Authority. The project was administered by the Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry through the Bureau of Rural Sciences, now known as the Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences (ABARES). Geoscience Australia (GA) were contracted to provide geophysical services to manage the AEM system selection and data acquisition, and to process and calibrate the AEM data. The AEM survey was flown by Fugro Airborne Geophysical Services in 2007 using the helicopter-borne RESOLVE frequency domain system. The Cooperative Research Centre for Landscape Environments and Mineral Exploration was sub-contracted through GA to manage the interpretation and reporting component of the RMC project.

AbstractThe Parliament consists of the King (represented by the Governor-General) and two Houses (the Senate and the House of Representatives).The House of Representatives reviews, debates and votes on proposed laws.Each member elected to the House of Representatives represents a single electoral division, also known as an electorate, which does not cross state or territory borders.Each of the six states, the Australian Capital Territory and Northern Territory gains representation in the House of Representatives in proportion to their population, and there are a similar number of electors in each electoral division within a given state or territory.The names and boundaries of electoral divisions within a state or territory are reviewed periodically and may be adjusted.This process is known as a redistribution of federal electoral divisions.The Federal Electoral Divisions dataset contains the names and geographic boundaries of the federal electoral divisions in Australia.The Senate is also often referred to as the ‘state’s house’ or the ‘house of review’.The Senate"s law-making powers are equal to those of the House of Representatives except that it cannot introduce or amend proposed laws that authorise expenditure for the ordinary annual services of the government or that impose taxation.Those elected to the Senate are called ‘Senator’.Senators represent all of one of the six states, the Australian Capital Territory or the Northern Territory.There are 12 senators for each of the six states and there are two senators each for the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory.These boundaries are provided in vector format with Electoral Divisions represented by polygons.Redistributions of federal electoral divisions are conducted of individual states or territories. The electoral divisions in this data have been used at general elections conducted since the date on which the redistribution was determined:NSW - electoral divisions reflect changes made as a result of the redistribution of New South Wales determined on 10 October 2024.VIC - electoral divisions reflect changes made as a result of the redistribution of Victoria determined on 17 October 2024.QLD - electoral divisions reflect changes made as a result of the redistribution of Queensland determined on 27 March 2018.WA - electoral divisions reflect changes made as a result of the redistribution of Western Australia determined on 24 September 2024.SA - electoral divisions reflect changes made as a result of the redistribution of South Australia determined on 20 July 2018.TAS - electoral divisions reflect changes made as a result of the redistribution of Tasmania determined on 14 November 2017.ACT - electoral divisions reflect changes made as a result of the redistribution of the Australian Capital Territory determined on 13 July 2018.NT - electoral divisions reflect changes made as a result of the redistribution of the Northern Territory determined on 4 March 2025.CurrencyDate modified: 4 March 2025Data extentSpatial extentNorth: -9.115517°South: -43.740510°East: 167.998035°West: 96.816941°Source InformationThe data is downloadable from the AEC website.Further information can be found on the AEC's GIS page.Catalog entry: Product catalogue.Known LimitationsThe data (Federal Electoral Divisions 2025) has been used in Digital Atlas of Australia with the permission of the Australian Electoral Commission. The Australian Electoral Commission has not evaluated the data as altered and incorporated within Digital Atlas of Australia, and therefore gives no warranty regarding its accuracy, completeness, currency or suitability for any particular purpose.In a small number of cases, gaps between state/territory borders are evident. To clarify which electoral division an area is part of, it is recommended to check the relevant SA1 against the information on the Australian Electoral Commission website listing the SA1 make-up of electoral divisions.Lineage StatementThe data was downloaded from the AEC website on the 4th March 2025 by the Digital Atlas of Australia team. For the purposes of web viewing, the data was reprojected to EPSG:3857 - Web Mercator.ContactGeoscience Australia, clientservices@ga.gov.au