This dataset comprises a map of inland water bodies in Canada and neighboring regions, as described by Ghayourmanesh et al. (2024). The data are mapped using the Lambert Conformal Conic (LCC) geographic projection with a spatial resolution of 250 meters. The LCC projection is frequently used as a standard projection at the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS) (Trishchenko et al., 2016, Trishchenko, 2019). Each pixel value represents a code describing either the probability of inland water presence or land/ocean(sea) mask

Water files are provided for the mapping of inland and coastal waters, Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River. These files were created to be used in conjunction with the boundary files.

This dataset comprises a map of inland water bodies in Canada and neighboring regions, as described by Ghayourmanesh et al. (2024). The data are mapped using the Lambert Conformal Conic (LCC) geographic projection with a spatial resolution of 250 meters. The LCC projection is frequently used as a standard projection at the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS) (Trishchenko et al., 2016, Trishchenko, 2019). Each pixel value represents a code describing either the probability of inland water presence or land/ocean(sea) mask

There are two types of boundary files: cartographic and digital. Cartographic boundary files portray the geographic areas using only the major land mass of Canada and its coastal islands. Digital boundary files portray the full extent of the geographic areas, including the coastal water area.

The Waterbodies dataset is comprised of area features: lakes, intermittent waterbodies, islands, and rivers wide enough to be represented as an area feature (e.g. St. Lawrence River, Mackenzie River). In a few exceptional cases, islands had to be represented by "holes" in the polygons in the Waterbodies dataset. Some area features have been subdivided and several types of virtual linear features serve to separate them. Features in this dataset are linked (by an attribute) to their corresponding flow line in the Drainage Network Skeleton. Therefore the Waterbodies dataset may be used in conjunction with the Drainage Network Skeleton for analytical applications. The Islands dataset is comprised of area and linear features: islands within inland waters and the waterbodies and single line rivers within these islands. Oceanic islands are not included as they are part of the coastline component of the Drainage Network Skeleton dataset. The Islands dataset exists to complete the cartographic representation of Canadian hydrology. The Islands dataset is not logically connected with the Drainage Network Skeleton, and can not be used for analytical applications. It should be noted that flow lines of the Drainage Network Skeleton do not take into account of the existence of islands and therefore do not necessarily flow around them. In a few exceptional cases, islands had to be represented by "holes" in the polygons in the Waterbodies dataset. Some islands themselves contain waterbodies and rivers, not significant for network analysis. However, in order to support a complete cartographic representation such waterbodies and rivers have been added to the Islands dataset. The National Scale Frameworks Hydrology data consists of area, linear and point geospatial and attribute data for Canada's hydrology at a national scale. It provides a representation of Canada's surface water features, and data completeness reflects the content of the source, the original Vector Map level 0 (VMAP0) revision 4 hydrographic layers, except where revision editing has been performed. Key value-added characteristics include river flow direction, connectivity and the tagging of geographical name keys to selected rivers, lakes and islands included in the Concise Gazetteer of Canada. The Atlas Frameworks are a set of integrated base map layers which form part of a larger National Scale Frameworks data collection. These data have been compiled at a scale of 1:1 000 000 with the primary goal being to indicate correct relative positioning with other framework layers rather than absolute positional accuracy. Distributed from GeoYukon by the Government of Yukon . Discover more digital map data and interactive maps from Yukon's digital map data collection. For more information: geomatics.help@yukon.ca

The hydrographic features of the CanVec series include watercourses, water linear flow segments, hydrographic obstacles (falls, rapids, etc.), waterbodies (lakes, watercourses, etc.), permanent snow and ice features, water wells and springs. The Hydrographic features theme provides quality vector geospatial data (current, accurate, and consistent) of Canadian hydrographic phenomena. It aims to offer a geometric description and a set of basic attributes on hydrographic features that comply with international geomatics standards, seamlessly across Canada. The CanVec multiscale series is available as prepackaged downloadable files and by user-defined extent via a Geospatial data extraction tool. Related Products: Topographic Data of Canada - CanVec Series

The Atlas of Canada National Scale Data 1:1,000,000 Series consists of boundary, coast, island, place name, railway, river, road, road ferry and waterbody data sets that were compiled to be used for atlas large scale (1:1,000,000 to 1:4,000,000) mapping. These data sets have been integrated so that their relative positions are cartographically correct. Any data outside of Canada included in the data sets is strictly to complete the context of the data.

Contained within the 4th Edition (1974) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the area of fresh water. It is split into squares that have the percentage of total fresh water. Each square covers an area of 10,000 square kilometers. According to the map, fresh water bodies occupy 7.9% of the area of Canada.

The map title is Bowen Island. Tactile map scale. 1.8 centimetres = 5 kilometres North arrow. Bowen Island and surrounding region of Vancouver. Main roads. Airport. Train Station, Bus Terminal. Bodies of water, Strait of Georgia. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.

The map title is Cowichan Valley. Tactile map scale. 1.8 centimetres = 10 kilometres North arrow. Region includes Nanaimo, Cowichan Lake, Duncan, Sydney. Trans-Canada Highway, route 1 and route 18. Airport in Nanaimo. Bus Terminals. Bodies of water, Strait of Georgia. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.

The Nova Scotia Lake Survey program is a partnership initiative between the Department of Environment and Climate Change and the Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture to inventory lakes throughout the province determining baseline water quality, in support of both sport fisheries and water resource management areas. The following weblink connects to a Department of Environment and Climate Change web map that includes the locations of the monitored lakes within the province and an alternative method for downloading the same lake chemistry dataset: http://nse.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=7ded7a30bef44f848e8a4fc8672c89bd"

Explore a Web map showing more than 3,500 underwater features in Canada!The Canadian Geographical Names Database (CGNDB) is a database of Canada's geographic names, maintained by the secretariat of the Geographical Names Board of Canada, as part of Natural Resources Canada. The geographical extent of this dataset is the Canadian landmass and water bodies, and the temporal extent is 1987 to present. Data courtesy of:The Canadian Geographical Names Database (CGNDB)Natural Resources CanadaThe Canadian Hydrographic ServiceGeoGratisAnswer the following questions:

What is the definition of a ‘Pingo’ geological feature? How are they formed? How do you think these objects in the water affect sea travel and transportation? If you were planning a boat voyage around the coast of Newfoundland, what kind of considerations would you have to make? Could you stay close to the shore? Visit this URL, and explain the process of naming a geographic feature in Canada: http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/earth-sciences/geography/place-names/about-geographical-names-board-canada/9178

Note: You may refer to the resources above to gain a deeper understanding of Canada's naming conventions for geographic features and to help you answer the questions listed above.

Learning Outcomes:

Rocks and minerals have unique characteristics and properties that are result of how they were formed

 (British Columbia – Grade 11 Science; Alberta – Grade 3 Science; Saskatchewan
 – Grade 12 Science; Manitoba – Grade 8 Science; Ontario – Grade 10 Science;
 New Brunswick – Grade 11 Physical Geography; Newfoundland and Labrador –
 Grade 11 Science; Nova Scotia – Grade 11 Science, Grade 12 Geology; Prince
 Edward Island – Grade 11 Science; Northwest Territories – Grade 8 Science;
 Yukon – Grade 11 Science)

Understanding Earth and Space Systems – Rocks and Minerals & Water Systems

 (Alberta – Grade 8 Science; Saskatchewan – Grade 9 Science; Ontario – Grade
 4 Science; Quebec – Grade 10 Science; New Brunswick – Grade 11 Physical Geography;
 Newfoundland and Labrador – Grade 11 Science; Nova Scotia – Grade 11
 Science, Grade 12 Geology, Prince Edward Island – Grade 11 Science;
 Northwest Territories – Grade 8 Science; Yukon – Grade 11 Science)

Curriculum Connections:

Province/Territory

Grade

 Subject

Alberta

8

 Science

British Columbia

11

 Science

Manitoba

8

 Science

New Brunswick

11

 Physical Geography

Newfoundland and Labrador

11

 Science

Northwest Territories

8

 Science

Nova Scotia

12

 Geology

Ontario

10

 Science

Prince Edward Island

11

 Science

Quebec

10

Science

Saskatchewan

12

 Science

Yukon

11

 Science

Click a region in Map Viewer above or use the text links below to download. The region will also show the "Effective Date" or the date when the data was last processed. Ontario Integrated Hydrology (OIH) Data is used to generate watersheds and support provincial-scale hydrology applications like:

watershed generation hydrologic modelling watercourse network analysis

Five key datasets are included in each data package:

stream network (Enhanced Watercourse) hydrology-enforced digital elevation model DEM flow direction grid (Enhanced Flow Direction) raster representation of the stream network (StreamGrid) water bodies on the stream network (Integrated Waterbodies)

Technical information OIH data is available for the entire province making it possible to create a watershed for any location in Ontario. This includes areas flowing in from neighbouring provinces and Minnesota with the following exceptions:

points on the international border that drain to Lake Superior, south of Pigeon River points on the international border that drain the Great Lakes connecting channels and St. Lawrence River stateside points along the Ottawa River that drain from Quebec.

Special Note: North West package The North West package contains hydrography data for the entire Rainy River Basin, an area which straddles the international border between Canada and the United States.

The data stateside originates from the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) as of February/March 2014. This data has been harmonized with the Ontario Hydro Network (OHN) to create the Enhanced Watercourse and Integrated Waterbody layers found within the North West package.

For more information on when the data was initially extracted and incorporated, refer to these fields stored in the attribute table of each vector layer in the geodatabase:

Effective Date (EFF_DATE) Geometry Update Date (GEO_UPD_DT)

The data stateside is a static snapshot of NHD intended to support regional modeling. Please refer to the United States Geological Survey (USGS) website for the most current version of NHD.

Product Packages

Ontario integrated hydrology data - Package - Far North Central 1 Ontario integrated hydrology data - Package - Far North Central 2 Ontario integrated hydrology data - Package - Far North East Ontario integrated hydrology data - Package - Far North West Ontario integrated hydrology data - Package - North Central Ontario integrated hydrology data - Package - North East Ontario integrated hydrology data - Package - North West Ontario integrated hydrology data - Package - South East Ontario integrated hydrology data - Package - South West

Additional Documentation

Ontario Integrated Hydrology - User Guide (Word) Ontario Integrated Hydrology - Data Packages Extent (PDF)Ontario Integrated Hydrology - Reference Data Index (Geodatabase)

Status Completed: Production of the data has been completed

Maintenance and Update Frequency Irregular: data is updated in intervals that are uneven in duration. Data is updated after the completion of major updates to source data (eg. OHN and/or PDEM).

Contact Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources - Geospatial Ontario, geospatial@ontario.ca

Contained within the 1st Edition (1906) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the mineralogy and locations of mineral deposits for Eastern Canada circa 1906. A line drawn across the map indicates where the Northern, large portion of the Dominion is virtually unprosecuted except along the valleys of the principal rivers, including the Southern, partly prospected areas. Different symbols indicate which type of mineral is located in a specific location. The map includes major cities, rivers, major bodies of water, and some railway systems.

The map title is Cowichan Valley. Tactile map scale. 1.8 centimetres = 10 kilometres North arrow. Region includes Nanaimo, Cowichan Lake, Duncan, Sydney. Trans-Canada Highway, route 1 and route 18. Airport in Nanaimo. Bus Terminals. Bodies of water, Strait of Georgia. Tactile maps are designed with Braille, large text, and raised features for visually impaired and low vision users. The Tactile Maps of Canada collection includes: (a) Maps for Education: tactile maps showing the general geography of Canada, including the Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps of the provinces and territories showing political boundaries, lakes, rivers and major cities), and the Thematic Tactile Atlas of Canada (maps showing climatic regions, relief, forest types, physiographic regions, rock types, soil types, and vegetation). (b) Maps for Mobility: to help visually impaired persons navigate spaces and routes in major cities by providing information about streets, buildings and other features of a travel route in the downtown area of a city. (c) Maps for Transportation and Tourism: to assist visually impaired persons in planning travel to new destinations in Canada, showing how to get to a city, and streets in the downtown area.

Contained within the 2nd Edition (1915) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the mineralogy and locations of mineral deposits for Western Canada. A line drawn across the map divides the large northern portion that that has had little prospecting, except along the valleys of the principal rivers, and the Southern, partly prospected areas. Many mining districts are named on the map, and different symbols indicate which type of mineral are located in a specific location. The map includes major cities, rivers, major bodies of water, and some railway networks crossing into the U.S.

Atlas of Canada National Frameworks data are standardized national coverages of commonly used geospatial datasets at the 1:1 000 000 scale. The Drainage Network Skeleton dataset is comprised of linear features: single line rivers, flow lines within waterbodies and ocean coastlines. Flow lines within waterbodies are virtual linear features representing the hydrological flow through area features (e.g. lakes, rivers and intermittent waterbodies). These flow lines complete the linear network where rivers would run through lakes, permitting hydrologic network analysis and cartographic generalization. This dataset is required for analytical applications. The coastline component of the Drainage Network Skeleton also delineates oceanic islands. The National Scale Frameworks Hydrology data consists of area, linear and point geospatial and attribute data for Canada's hydrology at a national scale. It provides a representation of Canada's surface water features, and data completeness reflects the content of the source, the original Vector Map level 0 (VMAP0) revision 4 hydrographic layers, except where revision editing has been performed. Key value-added characteristics include river flow direction, connectivity and the tagging of geographical name keys to selected rivers, lakes and islands included in the Concise Gazetteer of Canada. The Atlas Frameworks are a set of integrated base map layers which form part of a larger National Scale Frameworks data collection. These data have been compiled at a scale of 1:1 000 000 with the primary goal being to indicate correct relative positioning with other framework layers rather than absolute positional accuracy. Distributed from GeoYukon by the Government of Yukon . Discover more digital map data and interactive maps from Yukon's digital map data collection. For more information: geomatics.help@yukon.ca

Note on new file formats January 2018 The original files for this census were the Esri .e00 interchange format files and the Mapinfo format files. Shapefile and geojson format files suitable for use with newer technology were created using GDAL: http://www.gdal.org/ Specifically, files were converted from Mapinfo: ogr2ogr -f {fileformat} [options] {output file} {input file} Note that some lengthy field names may be truncated. If you wish to use the original files provided by Statistics Canada, please use either .e00 format or Mapinfo format.

Contained within the 1st Edition (1906) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the network and destinations of telegraph lines in Quebec and Maritime Provinces. More then one line may have followed the same route, but only one line is indicated on the map, especially in larger cities. Therefore, well-settled portions of the country are likely to have more then one telegraph line serving the principal towns along each route indicated. Most telegraph lines are alongside railways. The map includes the routes and destinations of underwater cables. It also indicates the shore portions of the various cable lines, including the Marconi stations on the Atlantic coast of Canada, magnified and placed in the bottom left corner. The map also includes major cities, counties, rivers, major bodies of water and the railway system.

Contained within the 2nd Edition (1915) of the Atlas of Canada, is a map that shows the northern limits of approximately 40 different tree species in Canada, including an extension into the Northern U.S. Red, green and blue lines delineate the limits of the trees and forests. The map also includes rivers, major bodies of water, and the specific locations of several tree types.