The average for 2021 based on 27 countries was 187 people per square km. The highest value was in Malta: 1620 people per square km and the lowest value was in Finland: 18 people per square km. The indicator is available from 1961 to 2021. Below is a chart for all countries where data are available.

This map shows the population density in North-Eastern Europe in 2011. This map is extracted from the cartographic atlas made on the occasion of the merger of the Alsace, Champagne-Ardenne and Lorraine Regions in January 2016. It is available on the website of the Grand Est Region. This map was designed for A3 format, landscape.

Population density (people per sq. km of land area) in European Union was reported at 112 sq. Km in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. European Union - Population density (people per sq. km) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Available data for gross domestic product (GDP) and population density are useful for defining divisions in socio-economic gradients across Europe, since economic power and human population pressure are recognised as two of the most critical factors causing ecosystem changes. To overcome both the limitations in data availability and in the distortions caused by using administrative regions, we decided to base the socio-economic dimension on an economic density indicator, defined as the income generated per square kilometre (EUR km-2), which can be mapped at a 1km2 spatial resolution. Economic density forms an integrative indicator that is based on two key drivers that were identified above: economic power and human population pressure. The indicator, which has been used to rank countries by their level of development, can be considered a crude measure for impacts on the environment caused by economic activity. An economic density map (EUR km-2) at 1 km2 spatial resolution was constructed by multiplying economic power (EUR person-1) with population density (person km-2). Subsequent logarithmic divisions resulted in an aggregated map of four economic density zones. Although the map has a fine spatial resolution it has to be realised that they form a spatial disaggregation of coarser census statistics. Importantly, the finer resolution discerns regional gradients in human activity that are required for many environmental studies, whilst broad gradients in economic activity is also treated consistently across Europe. GDP and population density data used were for the year 2001. The dataset consists of GeoTiff files of the economic density map and the four economic density zones.

Monaco led the ranking for countries with the highest population density in 2024, with nearly 26,000 residents per square kilometer. The Special Administrative Region of Macao came in second, followed by Singapore. The world’s second smallest country Monaco is the world’s second-smallest country, with an area of about two square kilometers and a population of only around 40,000. It is a constitutional monarchy located by the Mediterranean Sea, and while Monaco is not part of the European Union, it does participate in some EU policies. The country is perhaps most famous for the Monte Carlo casino and for hosting the Monaco Grand Prix, the world's most prestigious Formula One race. The global population Globally, the population density per square kilometer is about 60 inhabitants, and Asia is the most densely populated region in the world. The global population is increasing rapidly, so population density is only expected to increase. In 1950, for example, the global population stood at about 2.54 billion people, and it reached over eight billion during 2023.

Population growth (annual %) in European Union was reported at 0.16884 % in 2024, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. European Union - Population growth (annual %) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

This dataset contains the modeling results GIS data (maps) of the study “Sustainable Human Population Density in Western Europe between 560.000 and 360.000 years ago” by Rodríguez et al. (2022). The NPP data (npp.zip) was computed using an empirical formula (the Miami model) from palaeo temperature and palaeo precipitation data aggregated for each timeslice from the Oscillayers dataset (Gamisch, 2019), as defined in Rodríguez et al. (2022, in review). The Population densities file (pop_densities.zip) contains the computed minimum and maximum population densities rasters for each of the defined MIS timeslices. With the population density value Dc in logarithmic form log(Dc). The Species Distribution Model (sdm.7z) includes input data (folder /data), intermediate results (folder /work) and results and figures (folder /results). All modelling steps are included as an R project in the folder /scripts. The R project is subdivided into individual scripts for data preparation (1.x), sampling procedure (2.x), and model computation (3.x). The habitat range estimation (habitat_ranges.zip) includes the potential spatial boundaries of the hominin habitat as binary raster files with 1=presence and 0=absence. The ranges rely on a dichotomic classification of the habitat suitability with a threshold value inferred from the 5% quantile of the presence data. The habitat suitability (habitat_suitability.zip) is the result of the Species Distribution Modelling and describes the environmental suitability for hominin presence based on the sites considered in this study. The values range between 0=low and 1=high suitability. The dataset includes the mean (pred_mean) and standard deviation (pred_std) of multiple model runs.

The population of Europe was estimated to be 745 million in 2024, an increase of around 4 million when compared with 2012. Over 35 years between 1950 and 1985, the population of Europe grew by approximately 157.8 million. But 35 years after 1985 it was estimated to have only increased by around 38.7 million. Since the 1960s, population growth in Europe has fallen quite significantly and was even negative during the mid-1990s. While population growth has increased slightly since the low of -0.07 percent in 1998, the growth rate for 2020 was just 0.04 percent. Which European country has the biggest population? As of 2024, the population of Russia was estimated to be approximately 144.8 million and was by far Europe's largest country in terms of population, with Turkey being the second-largest at over 87 million. While these two countries both have territory in Europe, however, they are both only partially in Europe, with the majority of their landmasses being in Asia. In terms of countries wholly located on the European continent, Germany had the highest population at 84.5 million, and was followed by the United Kingdom and France at 69.1 million and 66.5 million respectively. Characteristics of Europe's population There are approximately 384.6 million females in Europe, compared with 359.5 million males, a difference of around 25 million. In 1950, however, the male population has grown faster than the female one, with the male population growing by 104.7 million, and the female one by 93.6 million. As of 2024, the single year of age with the highest population was 37, at 10.6 million, while in the same year there were estimated to be around 136 thousand people aged 100 or over.

Population density 2023 (inhabitants per km²), Lorraine: 2021 Territorial entities: arrondissements (Lorraine, Wallonie), cantons (Luxembourg), Kreise (Saarland, Rheinland-Pfalz) Statistical data sources: Destatis, INSEE, Statbel, STATEC. Harmonization: IBA / OIE 2024 Geodata sources: GeoBasis-DE / BKG, IGN France, NGI-Belgium, ACT Luxembourg. Harmonization: SIG-GR / GIS-GR 2024 Link to interactive map: https://map.gis-gr.eu/theme/main?version=3&zoom=8&X=708580&Y=6429642&lang=fr&rotation=0&layers=2418&opacities=1&bgLayer=basemap_2015_global Link to Geocatalog: https://geocatalogue.gis-gr.eu/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/3ed89eb1-9a37-4b86-b793-126411751345 This dataset is published in the view service (WMS) available at: https://ws.geoportail.lu/wss/service/GR_Pop_density_WMS/guest with layer name(s): -Pop_density_2023

This layer was created by Duncan Smith and based on work by the European Commission JRC and CIESIN. A description from his website follows:--------------------A brilliant new dataset produced by the European Commission JRC and CIESIN Columbia University was recently released- the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL). This is the first time that detailed and comprehensive population density and built-up area for the world has been available as open data. As usual, my first thought was to make an interactive map, now online at- http://luminocity3d.org/WorldPopDen/The World Population Density map is exploratory, as the dataset is very rich and new, and I am also testing out new methods for navigating statistics at both national and city scales on this site. There are clearly many applications of this data in understanding urban geographies at different scales, urban development, sustainability and change over time.

Population density 2015 (inhabitants per km²), Lorraine: 2013 Territorial entities: arrondissements (Wallonie), zones d'emploi (Lorraine), cantons (Luxembourg), Kreise (Saarland, Rheinland-Pfalz) Statistical data sources: INSEE Grand Est; SPF Economie; STATEC; Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz; Statistisches Amt Saarland. Harmonization: IBA / OIE 2016 Geodata sources: EuroGeographics EuroRegionalMap v3.0 - 2010. Harmonization: SIG-GR / GIS-GR 2016 Link to interactive map: https://map.gis-gr.eu/theme/main?version=3&zoom=8&X=708580&Y=6429642&lang=fr&rotation=0&layers=1732&opacities=1&bgLayer=basemap_2015_global Link to Geocatalog: https://geocatalogue.gis-gr.eu/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/4f71026c-4ab0-4153-a00d-2a5d34aae307 This dataset is published in the view service (WMS) available at: https://ws.geoportail.lu/wss/service/GR_Pop_density_WMS/guest with layer name(s): -Pop_density_2015

The data in the dataset come from the Estonian Statistical Database. Grid-based population data are updated once a year. Census data are georeferenced to building accuracy, which allows data to be aggregated to grid level of different resolution. The building's centroid was used as the basis for aggregating into squares. The data of several buildings within the square were linked to the square where the building's centroid was located. If the population data could not be linked to the building (the data were linked to the building by address and in some cases the address was not identifiable), the data were added in the middle of the village or census station. Counted homeless people are also associated with the village or precinct centre.

The 1 km x 1 km square map of the population covers the whole territory of Estonia, including only inhabited squares. Grid-based data serve as a basis for making competent decisions in the preparation of social plans and development plans, including regional development plans. Grid-based data are used in scientific research, in the private sector mainly to select the best location and to define the target group.

The European countries which saw the greatest population growth in 2025 were Gibraltar, Kosovo and Iceland. Overall, Europe's population declined by 3.3 percent in 2025, with this varying by region from a 0.19 percent decline in northern Europe to 4.6 percent in southern Europe. All the countries which saw the largest declines in their population in 2025 were central and eastern European countries.

Population density in inhabitants/ha based on the block map 1 : 5,000 (ISU5, spatial reference environmental atlas 2015), as of December 31, 2018.

Population density 2013 (inhabitants per km²) Territorial entities: arrondissements (Wallonie), zones d'emploi (Lorraine), cantons (Luxembourg), Kreise (Saarland, Rheinland-Pfalz) Statistical data sources: INSEE Lorraine; SPF Economie; STATEC; Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz; Statistisches Amt Saarland. Harmonization: IBA / OIE 2014 Geodata sources: EuroGeographics EuroRegionalMap v3.0 - 2010. Harmonization: SIG-GR / GIS-GR 2014 Link to interactive map: https://map.gis-gr.eu/theme/main?version=3&zoom=8&X=708580&Y=6429642&lang=fr&rotation=0&layers=1713&opacities=1&bgLayer=basemap_2015_global Link to Geocatalog: https://geocatalogue.gis-gr.eu/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/747df575-4704-4016-b04f-d19d16d41298 This dataset is published in the view service (WMS) available at: https://ws.geoportail.lu/wss/service/GR_Pop_density_WMS/guest with layer name(s): -Pop_density_2013

Population density in inhabitants/ha based on block map 1: 5,000 (ISU5, spatial reference environmental atlas 2005), recording level 31.12.2009.

The world's population first reached one billion people in 1805, and reached eight billion in 2022, and will peak at almost 10.2 billion by the end of the century. Although it took thousands of years to reach one billion people, it did so at the beginning of a phenomenon known as the demographic transition; from this point onwards, population growth has skyrocketed, and since the 1960s the population has increased by one billion people every 12 to 15 years. The demographic transition sees a sharp drop in mortality due to factors such as vaccination, sanitation, and improved food supply; the population boom that follows is due to increased survival rates among children and higher life expectancy among the general population; and fertility then drops in response to this population growth. Regional differences The demographic transition is a global phenomenon, but it has taken place at different times across the world. The industrialized countries of Europe and North America were the first to go through this process, followed by some states in the Western Pacific. Latin America's population then began growing at the turn of the 20th century, but the most significant period of global population growth occurred as Asia progressed in the late-1900s. As of the early 21st century, almost two-thirds of the world's population lives in Asia, although this is set to change significantly in the coming decades. Future growth The growth of Africa's population, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, will have the largest impact on global demographics in this century. From 2000 to 2100, it is expected that Africa's population will have increased by a factor of almost five. It overtook Europe in size in the late 1990s, and overtook the Americas a few years later. In contrast to Africa, Europe's population is now in decline, as birth rates are consistently below death rates in many countries, especially in the south and east, resulting in natural population decline. Similarly, the population of the Americas and Asia are expected to go into decline in the second half of this century, and only Oceania's population will still be growing alongside Africa. By 2100, the world's population will have over three billion more than today, with the vast majority of this concentrated in Africa. Demographers predict that climate change is exacerbating many of the challenges that currently hinder progress in Africa, such as political and food instability; if Africa's transition is prolonged, then it may result in further population growth that would place a strain on the region's resources, however, curbing this growth earlier would alleviate some of the pressure created by climate change.

This indicator is calculated by dividing the projected population in a region by the region total area. The level of spatial detail of this indicator is per NUTS0 and NUTS2.

Population density 2024 (inhabitants per km²) per municipality Statistical data sources: INSEE Grand Est, IWEPS, Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz, Statistisches Amt Saarland Geodata sources: ACT Luxembourg 2024, IGN France 2022, GeoBasis-DE / BKG 2024, NGI-Belgium 2024. Harmonization: SIG-GR / GIS-GR 2024 Link to interactive map: https://map.gis-gr.eu/theme/main?version=3&zoom=8&X=708580&Y=6429642&lang=fr&rotation=0&layers=2434&opacities=1&bgLayer=basemap_2015_global Link to Geocatalog: https://geocatalogue.gis-gr.eu/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/4ba433fb-6c1e-459f-89ca-a2914eedfdaa This dataset is published in the view service (WMS) available at: https://ws.geoportail.lu/wss/service/GR_Pop_density_WMS/guest with layer name(s): -Pop_density_2024

Urban population growth (annual %) in European Union was reported at 0.52972 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. European Union - Urban population growth (annual %) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on June of 2025.