The First Nations geographic location dataset contains the geographic location of First Nations (groups and subgroups) in Canada as points as well as basic attributes data. The location identifies where the First Nations live. Each First Nation point represents its administrative office address as it is registered in Indigenous Services Canada (ISC) Band Governance Management System (BGMS). When the First Nation administrative office is located outside its associated most populated reserve boundary, adjustments are made to relocate the point within its boundaries, otherwise within the boundaries of another associated reserve or the city where the administrative office is located. When the administrative office or the First Nation is impossible to locate, the location is based on the best available information on the First Nation (e.g. official First Nation Web site). A connection with the BGMS is in place to ensure that any update to the system is reflected in the attributes data associated with the location of each First Nation. This dataset is Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC) and Indigenous Services Canada (ISC) official source for First Nation geographic location on maps.

Indian reserve map (managed forest code 32) used in the Story Map of Forest Management in Canada, 2017.Indian Reserve lands were identified using the Geobase Aboriginal Lands of Canada geodatabase. The Indian Act defines these as federal Crown lands that have been “set apart by Her Majesty for the use and benefit of a band”.Source: This web map shows the Indian Reserve lands used in the map of forest management in Canada, 2017 and includes the following tiled layer:Indian Reserve (Managed Forest Code 32)Data provided by Alberta Agriculture and Forestry; British Columbia Ministry of Forests; Manitoba Sustainable Development; Natural Resources Canada; New Brunswick Department of Energy and Resource Development; Newfoundland & Labrador Department of Fisheries and Land Resources; Northwest Territories Department of Environment and Natural Resources; Nova Scotia Department of Lands and Forestry; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; Prince Edward Island Department of Communities, Land & Environment; Québec Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs; Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment; and Yukon Energy, Mines and Resources.

Identifies First Nation Reserve boundaries defined by the Legal Surveys Division of Natural Resources Canada.Additional DocumentationFirst Nation Reserve - Data Description (PDF)First Nation Reserve - Documentation (Word)Aboriginal Lands of Canada Legislative Boundaries - Canada Open Government PortalStatusOn going: Data is continually being updatedMaintenance and Update FrequencyIrregular: Data is updated in intervals that are uneven in durationContactOffice of the Surveyor General,landtenuremapping@ontario.ca

The Aboriginal Lands of Canada Legislative Boundaries web service includes legislative boundaries of Indian Reserves, Land Claim Settlement Lands (lands created under Comprehensive Land Claims Process that do not or will not have Indian Reserve status under the Indian Act) and Indian Lands. More specifically it includes the following lands: 1) Indian Reserves that include: 1.1) surrendered lands or a reserve, as defined in the Indian Act (this definition excludes Indian Settlements and Indian Communities); and 1.2) Sechelt lands, as defined in the Sechelt Indian Band Self-Government Act, chapter 27 of the Statutes of Canada, 1986; 2) Land Claim Settlement Lands that include: 2.1) Category IA land or Category IA-N land, as defined in the Cree-Naskapi (of Quebec) Act, chapter 18 of the Statutes of Canada, 1984 (category 1B and category II Lands are excluded from this definition); 2.2) Settlement land, as defined in the Yukon First Nations Self-Government Act, and lands in which an interest is transferred or recognized under section 21 of that Act (only Yukon First Nations Settlement Lands, which were surveyed and the survey plan recorded, are included in the map service); 2.3) Inuit Owned Lands as defined in the Agreement between the Inuit of the Nunavut Settlement Area and Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada given effect and declared valid by the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act (it includes all parcels that have been surveyed and those that do not require a survey (this includes the islands)); 2.4) Gwich’in Lands as defined in the Gwich’in Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement, given effect and declared valid by the Gwich’in Land Claim Settlement Act; 2.5) Inuvialuit Lands as defined in the Western Arctic (Inuvialuit) Claims Settlement Act; 2.6) Sahtu Lands as defined in The Sahtu Dene and Métis Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement given effect and declared valid by the Sahtu Dene and Métis Land Claim Settlement Act; and 2.7) Tlicho lands, as defined in the Tlicho Agreement, given effect and declared valid by the Tlicho Land Claims and Self-Government Act; 3) Indian Lands that include: 3.1) Lands in the Kanesatake Mohawk interim land base, as defined in the Kanesatake Mohawk Interim Land Base Governance Act, other than the lands known as Doncaster Reserve No. 17. The data available for download is the former Geobase-Aboriginal Lands product. There are some attribute differences between the data available for download and the web service; however both contain the same underlying data. Please refer to the Supporting Documents for additional information on the Geobase - Aboriginal Lands dataset. Work is under way to align these two data products.

Contained within the 1st Edition (1906) of the Atlas of Canada is a map that shows the distribution of 11 aboriginal groups of Canada, Alaska and Greenland. The areas shown in different colours represent occupied land by the native linguistic families, including uninhabited large areas in the Arctic islands and Greenland. The southern portion of Canada, the Indians are living on reserves. The other points indicated are small reminants of the once powerful Huron-Iroquois at Jeune Lorette, two small bands of Iroquois near Edmonton and on the head waters of the Athabaska river. There are a greater number of linguistic families on the Pacific coast of British Columbia than in all the rest of Canada.

This map includes data on the Indigenous Peoples of Canada.Residential Schools: Data by Morgan Hite Indian Hospitals: These data were compiled by Rebecca Nickerson as part of the Mapping Segregation project at Brock University, led by Dr. Maureen Lux.Indigenous Land Types: The Aboriginal Lands data consists of polygon entities that depict the administrative boundaries (extent) of lands where the title has been vested in specific Aboriginal Groups of Canada or lands which were set aside for their exclusive benefit. These include Indian Reserves, Land Claim Settlement Lands and Indian Land. Please note that this layer uses the term "Aboriginal" as its source is the Canadian Government web page.Historical First Nations Treaties: Historical First Nations Treaties in Canada from 1725-1930. They are grouped by pre and post-Confederation, including the Upper Canada Treaties.

Indian reserve map (managed forest code 32) used in the Story Map of Forest Management in Canada, 2017. Indian reserve map (managed forest code 32) used in the Story Map of Forest Management in Canada, 2017. Indian Reserve lands were identified using the Geobase Aboriginal Lands of Canada geodatabase. The Indian Act defines these as federal Crown lands that have been “set apart by Her Majesty for the use and benefit of a band”. Source: This web map shows the Indian Reserve lands used in the map of forest management in Canada, 2017 and includes the following tiled layer:Indian Reserve (Managed Forest Code 32)Data provided by Alberta Agriculture and Forestry; British Columbia Ministry of Forests; Manitoba Sustainable Development; Natural Resources Canada; New Brunswick Department of Energy and Resource Development; Newfoundland & Labrador Department of Fisheries and Land Resources; Northwest Territories Department of Environment and Natural Resources; Nova Scotia Department of Lands and Forestry; Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; Prince Edward Island Department of Communities, Land & Environment; Québec Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs; Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment; and Yukon Energy, Mines and Resources.

Please review the "Open Government Licence - Canada" (https://open.canada.ca/en/open-government-licence-canada) as well as our Terms of Use (https://data.edmonton.ca/stories/s/City-of-Edmonton-Open-Data-Terms-of-Use/msh8-if28/) as both apply to this dataset.

Also to note, the terminology used in this dataset is used federally to describe reserves, and are used throughout the "Indian Act" which is the federal legislation governing First Nations and reserves (https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/I-5/).

The below is from Government of Canada's Aboriginal Lands of Canada Legislative Boundaries:

"The Aboriginal Lands of Canada Legislative Boundaries web service includes legislative boundaries of Indian Reserves, Land Claim Settlement Lands (lands created under Comprehensive Land Claims Process that do not or will not have Indian Reserve status under the Indian Act) and Indian Lands. More specifically it includes the following lands: 1) Indian Reserves that include: 1.1) surrendered lands or a reserve, as defined in the Indian Act (this definition excludes Indian Settlements and Indian Communities); and 1.2) Sechelt lands, as defined in the Sechelt Indian Band Self-Government Act, chapter 27 of the Statutes of Canada, 1986; 2) Land Claim Settlement Lands that include: 2.1) Category IA land or Category IA-N land, as defined in the Cree-Naskapi (of Quebec) Act, chapter 18 of the Statutes of Canada, 1984 (category 1B and category II Lands are excluded from this definition); 2.2) Settlement land, as defined in the Yukon First Nations Self-Government Act, and lands in which an interest is transferred or recognized under section 21 of that Act (only Yukon First Nations Settlement Lands, which were surveyed and the survey plan recorded, are included in the map service); 2.3) Inuit Owned Lands as defined in the Agreement between the Inuit of the Nunavut Settlement Area and Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada given effect and declared valid by the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act (it includes all parcels that have been surveyed and those that do not require a survey (this includes the islands)); 2.4) Gwich’in Lands as defined in the Gwich’in Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement, given effect and declared valid by the Gwich’in Land Claim Settlement Act; 2.5) Inuvialuit Lands as defined in the Western Arctic (Inuvialuit) Claims Settlement Act; 2.6) Sahtu Lands as defined in The Sahtu Dene and Métis Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement given effect and declared valid by the Sahtu Dene and Métis Land Claim Settlement Act; and 2.7) Tlicho lands, as defined in the Tlicho Agreement, given effect and declared valid by the Tlicho Land Claims and Self-Government Act; 3) Indian Lands that include: 3.1) Lands in the Kanesatake Mohawk interim land base, as defined in the Kanesatake Mohawk Interim Land Base Governance Act, other than the lands known as Doncaster Reserve No. 17."

Contained within the Atlas of Canada's Reference Map Series, 1961 to 2010, is a map showing the extent of Indian and Inuit Communities in British Columbia. Indian Reserves are shown as being either inhabited or uninhabited (based on 1980 data), and are further classed by size: those under 809 hectares (2000 acres) are shown by a symbol, whereas larger ones have their boundaries shown (with data as of 1983). Occasionally, one symbol represents many nearby reserve; however, all reserves are named. The base map reflects 1973 data.

This layer is a part of a larger Indigenous Issues Story Map resource called Turtle Island.The Aboriginal Land Type Layer was used to construct this map. Please note that this layer uses the term "Aboriginal" as its source is a Canadian Government web page that uses older terminology. This document provides information on appropriate terminology to use when discussing Indigenous Issues.

Contained within the 5th Edition (1978 to 1995) of the National Atlas of Canada is plate with a series of maps. The first map that shows distribution of Indian and Inuit communities; most give status (for example, Indian Reserve), area, name, and linguistic family (eleven major families representing 51 languages). Inset for southwestern British Columbia. Summary charts of Indians by status, and of Indians and Inuit by linguistic family; 1976 data. Two smaller maps: one of native culture areas of Canada, the other showing native language families from the 16th to 18th centuries.

This map is a part of a larger Indigenous Issues Story Map resource called Turtle Island.It uses the Aboriginal Land Types layer (named Indigenous Land, below).Please note that this layer uses the term "Aboriginal" as its source is a Canadian Government web page that uses older terminology. This document Indigenous Terminology provides additional information on appropriate terminology as of 2018.

Identifies First Nation Reserve boundaries defined by the Legal Surveys Division of Natural Resources Canada.

The data identifies First Nation treaties and other agreements, such as land purchases by the Crown. This file was used to create a reference map illustrating the 46 treaties and other agreements signed between 1781 and 1930.

Contained within the Atlas of Canada's Reference Map Series, 1961 to 2010, is a map showing the extent of Indian and Inuit Communities in the Atlantic provinces. Indian Reserves are shown as being either inhabited or uninhabited (based on 1980 data), and are further classed by size: those under 809 hectares (2000 acres) are shown by a symbol, whereas larger ones have their boundaries shown (with data as of 1983). Occasionally, one symbol represents many nearby reserve; however, all reserves are named. The base map reflects 1973 data.

Indian Reserve map (managed forest code 32) used in the Forest Management in Canada, 2020 story map. Indian reserve map (managed forest code 32) with lands identified using Aboriginal Lands of Canada Legislative boundaries. The Indian reserve map is used in the Story Map of Forest Management in Canada, 2020 (Aménagement des forêts au Canada, 2020) and includes the following tiled layer: Tile Layer of Indian Reserve Managed Forest Code 32: 2020

The Indigenous Populations of Canada map is derived from the CanEcumene 2.0 Geodatabase using custom tabulations of census-based population data. Indigenous communities within the level of the census sub-division (CSD) were identified using a combination of sources from census field data (see Eddy et. al. 2020 for more details). This map shows the percent of Indigenous population in CanEcumene 2.0 communities using graduated symbols, overlaid upon a population density raster. The larger the symbol, the higher the percentage of Indigenous population in that area. The darker the colour in the underlying raster, the denser is the general population. This map illustrates how the majority of Indigenous populations reside in locations outside of the denser populated areas of Canada.

Revised Location - The First Nations geographic location dataset contains the geographic location of First Nations (groups and subgroups) in Canada as points as well as basic attributes data. The location identifies where the First Nations live. Each First Nation point represents its administrative office address as it is registered in Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC) Band Governance Management System (BGMS). When the First Nation administrative office is located outside its associated most populated reserve boundary, adjustments are made to relocate the point within its boundaries, otherwise within the boundaries of another associated reserve or the city where the administrative office is located. When the administrative office or the First Nation is impossible to locate, the location is based on the best available information on the First Nation (e.g. official First Nation Web site). A connection with the BGMS is in place to ensure that any update to the system is reflected in the attributes data associated with the location of each First Nation.

This dataset is Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC) official source for First Nation geographic location on maps.

Contained within the Atlas of Canada's Reference Map Series, 1961 to 2010, is a map showing the extent of Indian and Inuit Communities in the Northwest Territories and Yukon Territory. Indian Reserves are shown as being either inhabited or uninhabited (based on 1980 data), and are further classed by size: those under 809 hectares (2000 acres) are shown by a symbol, whereas larger ones have their boundaries shown (with data as of 1983). Occasionally, one symbol represents many nearby reserve; however, all reserves are named. The base map reflects 1973 data.

The Historic treaties (formerly known as the Pre-1975 treaties) dataset contains geographic boundaries as well as basic attribute data representing signed treaties that were negotiated between Indigenous peoples and the Crown between 1725 and 1929. However, the Treaties of Peace and Neutrality, signed between 1701 and 1760, are not represented in this dataset because they do not have geographic boundaries that can be represented on a map. Apart from the Peace and Friendship Treaties, these boundaries represent the historic treaties signed after 1763, which provided large areas of First Nations land, to the Crown (transferring their Aboriginal title to the Crown) in exchange for reserve lands and other benefits. The Government of Canada recognizes 70 historic treaties in Canada signed between 1701 and 1923. These treaties include: • Treaties of Peace and Neutrality (1701-1760) • Peace and Friendship Treaties (1725-1779) • Upper Canada Land Surrenders and the Williams Treaties (1764-1862/1923) • Robinson Treaties and Douglas Treaties (1850-1854) • The Numbered Treaties (1871-1921) These boundaries are usually not surveyed but help to delineate the broad area described within the treaty. The boundaries are composed of the sum of specific geographies such as lakes, rivers, townships, mountains, administrative boundaries or height of land as mentioned in the treaties transcript. These boundaries are estimated based on written descriptions and should be used for informational and representational purposes only. If there is no geographic description included in the treaty, illustrative polygons may be used to represent locations where the signatory nations, as modern-day collectives, assert and/or exercise Section 35 rights. For more information about Historic treaties, visit https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1100100028574/1529354437231#chp3. The Historic treaties dataset is one of multiple datasets representing treaties and agreements between the Crown and Indigenous peoples. The Crown-Indigenous treaties and agreements geospatial datasets represent the geographic boundaries of the solemn agreements between the Crown and Indigenous peoples that set out promises, obligations and benefits for parties. The following datasets are also available: 1) The Modern treaties (formerly known as the Post-1975 treaties) dataset, which represents the areas of Canada where Indigenous land rights and title have not been addressed by preceding treaties or through other legal means. 2) The Indigenous agreements dataset, which represents established protocols in place for consultation processes, self-government agreements, and other signed agreements between Indigenous groups and the Crown which do not fall into the aforementioned categories. The Historic treaties dataset is Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC) and Indigenous Services Canada (ISC)’s primary source for Historic treaties geographic boundaries on maps. This dataset can also be viewed in the Aboriginal and Treaty Rights Information System (ATRIS). This web-based system provides access to information to inform governments, industry and other interested parties in determining their consultation obligations and in carrying out their consultation research. For more information, visit https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1100100014686/1609421785838.