The Democratic Republic of the Congo has the largest cobalt reserves in the world, at some *********** metric tons as of 2024. With the world's total cobalt reserves amounting to ********** metric tons that year, the DR Congo accounted for more than **** of the worldwide reserves of the metal. This was followed by Australia, which held an impressive *********** metric tons of the global cobalt reserves in 2024. Cobalt: coveted, yet not so rare Although cobalt is not especially rare – ranking 32nd in global abundance among metals – it has become an increasingly important commodity due to its use in batteries, as well as in alloys, chemicals and ceramics, cemented carbides, and more. It is forecast that in 2040, the global cobalt demand for use in batteries will amount to ******* tons, up from ****** metric tons in recent years. Cobalt's use in batteries applies particularly to the batteries of electric cars which have transformed the demand for this metal; in 2024 the price of cobalt stood at ** U.S. dollars per pound. U.S. cobalt consumption The United States used some ***** metric tons of cobalt in 2023, based on apparent consumption. Cobalt supply in the North American country is achieved primarily through imports and scrap materials. Most of the country's consumption of this metal is destined to the production of superalloys, followed by chemical and ceramic uses.

The point and polygon layers within this geodatabase present the global distribution of selected mineral resource features (deposits, mines, districts, mineral regions) for 22 minerals or mineral commodities considered critical to the economy and security of the United States as of 2017. These data complement the report by Schulz and others (2017) which provides national and global information on 23 critical minerals - antimony (Sb), barite (barium, Ba), beryllium (Be), cobalt (Co), fluorite or fluorspar (fluorine, F), gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), graphite (carbon, C), hafnium (Hf), indium (In), lithium (Li), manganese (Mn), niobium (Nb), platinum-group elements (PGE), rare-earth elements (REE), rhenium (Re), selenium (Se), tantalum (Ta), tellurium (Te), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), and zirconium (Zr) resources. The geospatial locations for deposits containing selenium, which is recovered mainly as a byproduct of other produced mineral commodities, is not included in this geodatabase. These geospatial data and the accompanying report are an update to information published in 1973 in U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 820, United States Mineral Resources. For the current and full discussion of the individual critical minerals, their uses, identified resources, national and global distribution, geologic overview, resource assessment, and geoenvironmental considerations see: Schulz, K.J., DeYoung, J.H., Jr., Seal, R.R., II, and Bradley, D.C., eds., 2017, Critical mineral resources of the United States—Economic and environmental geology and prospects for future supply: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1802, 777 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1802

Abstract This layer contains point locations of major mineral deposits, and includes the geological setting, the timing and type of mineralisation, global resource endowments, associated host and igneous rocks, alteration assemblages, and metamorphism, where known. The deposits were selected as they have substantial endowment (i.e. pre-mining mineral resource) and/or detailed geological information is available. For each deposit (or, in some cases, district) the dataset includes information on: 1. Name (including synonyms), location and GA identifying numbers; 2. Tectonic province that hosts the deposit; 3. Type(s) and age(s) of mineralising events that produced/affected the deposit (including metadata on ages); 4. The metal/mineral endowment of the deposit; 5. Host rocks to the deposit; 6. Spatially and/or temporally associated magmatic rocks; 7. Spatially and temporally associated alteration assemblages (mostly proximal, but, in some cases, regional assemblages); 8. The Fe-S-O minerals present in the deposit and relative abundances where known; 9. Sulfate minerals present; 10. Peak metamorphic grade; 11. Data sources; and 12. Comments. For many commodities, there are many hundreds or thousands of deposits and occurrences around Australia, with only a small fraction of these deposits/occurrences making a significant contribution to Australia’s mineral endowment. This dataset contains information about these deposits. In some cases, a number of small deposits have been grouped together into a district, but in other cases, small deposits have been ignored. However, where important information, such as the age of small deposits or occurrences are available, they have been included. This document presents more detailed descriptions of the metadata presented in the compilation. The dataset is presented in Appendix A. Appendix B presents a national classification of geological provinces based mostly on existing State survey classifications; Appendix C presents a deposit classification based on the classification proposed by Hofstra et al. (2021); and Appendix D presents mineral abbreviations used in the dataset. The Annexes are available here: Geological setting, age and endowment of major Australian mineral deposits - a compilation. Data Dictionary Australian Minerals Data - Mineral Deposits - Geological Setting, Age and Endowment

Attribute Name Description

DEPOSIT_ENO Deposit (ENO)

DEPOSIT_PID Deposit Persistent ID (PID)

DEPOSIT_NAME Preferred name of the mineral occurrence, prospect, or deposit as recorded on a map or other source reference.

SYNONYMS Alternative names that may have been given to the occurrence/deposit

LONGITUDE_GDA94 Longitude in GDA94

LATITUDE_GDA94 Latitude in GDA94

STATE State in Australia

COMMODITIES The earth resource commodity (eg Cu, Au, Fe)

OPERATING_STATUS Describes the current stage of development of the deposit, prospect, or mineral occurrence

MINING_DISTRICT Mining District

SUPERPROVINCE_ENO Superprovince ENO

SUPERPROVINCE_NAME Superprovince name

PROVINCE_ENO Province ENO

PROVINCE_NAME Province name

SUBPROVINCE_ENO Subprovince ENO

SUBPROVINCE_NAME Subprovince name

DEPOSIT_ENVIRONMENT Deposit environment

DEPOSIT_GROUP Deposit group

DEPOSIT_TYPE Deposit type

FIRST_EVENTNO Event number

FIRST_EVENT_NAME Event name

FIRST_EVENT_TIMING Event timing

FIRST_CONTRIBUTION Contribution

FIRST_EVENT_DEPOSIT_ENVIRONMENT Event Deposit environment

FIRST_EVENT_DEPOSIT_GROUP Event Deposit group

FIRST_EVENT_DEPOSIT_TYPE Event Deposit type

FIRST_AGE_MA Age (Ma)

FIRST_AGE_ERROR Age error

FIRST_AGE_TYPE Age type

FIRST_AGE_BASIS Age basis

FIRST_MINERAL_DATED Mineral dated

FIRST_AGE_SYSTEM Age system

FIRST_RADIOMETRIC_AGE_TYPE Radiometric Age type

FIRST_AGE_INSTRUMENTATION Age instrumentation

FIRST_AGE_CONFIDENCE Age confidence

SECOND_EVENTNO Event number

SECOND_EVENT_NAME Event name

SECOND_EVENT_TIMING Event timing

SECOND_CONTRIBUTION Contribution

SECOND_EVENT_DEPOSIT_ENVIRONMENT Event Deposit environment

SECOND_EVENT_DEPOSIT_GROUP Event Deposit group

SECOND_EVENT_DEPOSIT_TYPE Event Deposit type

SECOND_AGE_MA Age (Ma)

SECOND_AGE_ERROR Age error

SECOND_AGE_TYPE Age type

SECOND_AGE_BASIS Age basis

SECOND_MINERAL_DATED Mineral dated

SECOND_AGE_SYSTEM Age system

SECOND_RADIOMETRIC_AGE_TYPE Radiometric Age type

SECOND_AGE_INSTRUMENTATION Age instrumentation

SECOND_AGE_CONFIDENCE Age confidence

THIRD_EVENTNO Event number

THIRD_EVENT_NAME Event name

THIRD_EVENT_TIMING Event timing

THIRD_CONTRIBUTION Contribution

THIRD_EVENT_DEPOSIT_ENVIRONMENT Event Deposit environment

THIRD_EVENT_DEPOSIT_GROUP Event Deposit group

THIRD_EVENT_DEPOSIT_TYPE Event Deposit type

THIRD_AGE_MA Age (Ma)

THIRD_AGE_ERROR Age error

THIRD_AGE_TYPE Age type

THIRD_AGE_BASIS Age Basis

THIRD_MINERAL_DATED Mineral dated

THIRD_AGE_SYSTEM Age system

THIRD_RADIOMETRIC_AGE_TYPE Radiometric Age type

THIRD_AGE_INSTRUMENTATION Age Instrumentation

THIRD_AGE_CONFIDENCE Age confidence

ENDOWMENT_TONNAGE_MT Tonnage (Mt)

ENDOWMENT_BRINE_VOLUME_MM3 Brine volume (Mm3)

CU_PERCENT Percentage of Copper

ZN_PERCENT Percentage of Zinc

PB_PERCENT Percentage of Lead

AG_GRAMS_PER_TONNE Silver (Grams Per Tonne)

AU_GRAMS_PER_TONNE Gold (Grams Per Tonne)

BARITE_PERCENT Percentage of Barite

SB_PERCENT Percentage of Antimony

CD_PERCENT Percentage of Cadmium

SN_PERCENT Percentage of Tin

WO3_PERCENT Percentage of Tungsten Trioxide

MO_PERCENT Percentage of Molybdenum

RE_GRAMS_PER_TONNE Rhenium (Grams Per Tonne)

IN_GRAMS_PER_TONNE Indium (Grams Per Tonne)

F_PERCENT Percentage of Fluorine

BI_PERCENT Percentage of Bismuth

TA_GRAMS_PER_TONNE Tantalum (Grams Per Tonne)

NB_PERCENT Percentage of Niobium

LI2O_PERCENT Percentage of Lithium Oxide

REO_PERCENT Percentage of Rare Earth Oxides

Y_PERCENT Percentage of Yttrium

HF_PERCENT Percentage of Hafnium

U3O8_KILOGRAMS_PER_TONNE Triuranium octoxide (kilograms per tonne)

NI_PERCENT Percentage of Nickel

CO_PERCENT Percentage of Cobalt

PT_GRAMS_PER_TONNE Platinum (Grams Per Tonne)

PD_GRAMS_PER_TONNE Palladium (Grams Per Tonne)

RH_GRAMS_PER_TONNE Rhodium (Grams Per Tonne)

IR_GRAMS_PER_TONNE Iridium (Grams Per Tonne)

OS_GRAMS_PER_TONNE Osmium (Grams Per Tonne)

ZRN_PERCENT Percentage of Zircon

FE_PERCENT Percentage of Iron

V2O5_PERCENT Percentage of Vanadium Pentoxide

SC_KILOGRAMS_PER_TONNE Scandium (Kilograms Per Tonne)

CR2O3_PERCENT Percentage of Chromic Oxide

MG_PERCENT Percentage of Magnesium

MN_PERCENT Percentage of Manganese

AL2O3_PERCENT Percentage of Aluminium Oxide

DIAMOND_CARATS_PER_TONNE Diamond Carats Per Tonne

HEAVY_MINERALS_PERCENT Percentage of Heavy Minerals

P2O5_PERCENT Percentage of Phosphate

SALT_PERCENT Percentage of Salt

K_PERCENT Percentage of Potassium

GRAPHITE_PERCENT Percentage of Graphite

CAF2_PERCENT Percentage of Calcium Fluoride

CU_MEGATONNES Copper Megatonnes

ZN_MEGATONNES Zinc Megatonnes

PB_MEGATONNES Lead Megatonnes

AG_KILOTONNES Silver Kilotonnes

AU_TONNES Gold Tonnes

BARITE_MEGATONNES Barite Megatonnes

SB_KILOTONNES Antimony Kilotonnes

CD_KILOTONNES Cadmium Kilotonnes

SN_KILOTONNES Tin Kilotonnes

WO3_KILOTONNES Tungsten Trioxide Kilotonnes

MO_KILOTONNES Molybdenum Kilotonnes

RE_MEGATONNES Rhenium Megatonnes

IN_KILOTONNES Indium Kilotonnes

F_KILOTONNES Fluorine Kilotonnes

BI_KILOTONNES Bismuth Kilotonnes

TA_KILOTONNES Tantalum Kilotonnes

NB_KILOTONNES Niobium Kilotonnes

LI_KILOTONNES Lithium Kilotonnes

REO_MEGATONNES Rare Earth Oxides Megatonnes

Y_MEGATONNES Yttirum Megatonnes

HF_MEGATONNES Hafnium Megatonnes

U3O8_TONNES Triuranium Octoxide Megatonnes

NI_MEGATONNES Nickel Megatonnes

CO_KILOTONNES Cobalt Kilotonnes

PT_TONNES Platnum Tonnes

PD_TONNES Palladium Tonnes

RH_TONNES Rhodium Tonnes

IR_TONNES Iridium Tonnes

OS_TONNES Osmium Tonnes

ZR_MEGATONNES Zirconium Megatonnes

FE_MEGATONNES Iron Megatonnes

V2O5_KILOTONNES Vanadium Oxide Kilotonnes

SC_TONNES Scandium Tonnes

CR2O3_MEGATONNES Chromic Oxide Megatonnes

MG_MEGATONNES Magnesium Megatonnes

MN_MEGATONNES Manganese Megatonnes

AL2O3_GIGATONNES Aluminium Oxide Gigatonnes

DIAMOND_MEGACARATS Diamond Mega Carat

HEAVY_MINERALS_MEGATONNES Heavy Minerals Megatonnes

P2O5_MEGATONNES Phosphate Megatonnes

SALT_MEGATONNES Salt Megatonnes

K2SO4_KILOTONNES Potassium Sulfate Kilotonnes

GR_MEGATONNES Graphite Megatonnes

FL_KILOTONNES Fluorite Megatonnes

FIRST_HOST_ROCK_STRATNO Host Rock Stratigraphic Index Number (STRANTNO)

FIRST_HOST_ROCK_PID Host Rock Persistent ID (PID)

FIRST_HOST_ROCK_NAME Host Rock Name

FIRST_HOST_ROCK_DESCRIPTION Host Rock Description

FIRST_HOST_ROCK_AGE Host Rock Age

SECOND_HOST_ROCK_STRATNO Host Rock Stratigraphic Index Number (STRANTNO)

SECOND_HOST_ROCK_PID Host Rock Persistent ID (PID)

SECOND_HOST_ROCK_NAME Host Rock Name

SECOND_HOST_ROCK_DESCRIPTION Host Rock Description

SECOND_HOST_ROCK_AGE Host Rock Age

THIRD_HOST_ROCK_STRATNO Host Rock Stratigraphic Index Number (STRANTNO)

THIRD_HOST_ROCK_PID Host Rock Persistent ID (PID)

THIRD_HOST_ROCK_NAME Host Rock Name

THIRD_HOST_ROCK_DESCRIPTION Host Rock Description

THIRD_HOST_ROCK_AGE Host Rock Age

FOURTH_HOST_ROCK_STRATNO Host Rock Stratigraphic Index Number (STRANTNO)

FOURTH_HOST_ROCK_PID Host Rock Persistent ID (PID)

FOURTH_HOST_ROCK_NAME Host Rock Name

FOURTH_HOST_ROCK_DESCRIPTION Host Rock Description

FOURTH_HOST_ROCK_AGE Host Rock Age

FIFTH_HOST_ROCK_STRATNO Host Rock Stratigraphic Index Number (STRANTNO)

FIFTH_HOST_ROCK_PID Host Rock Persistent ID (PID)

FIFTH_HOST_ROCK_NAME Host Rock Name

FIFTH_HOST_ROCK_DESCRIPTION Host Rock Description

FIFTH_HOST_ROCK_AGE Host Rock Age

SIXTH_HOST_ROCK_STRATNO Host Rock Stratigraphic Index Number (STRANTNO)

SIXTH_HOST_ROCK_PID Host Rock Persistent ID (PID)

SIXTH_HOST_ROCK_NAME Host

Cobalt traded flat at 33,335 USD/T on July 17, 2025. Over the past month, Cobalt's price has remained flat, but it is still 25.20% higher than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Cobalt - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Botswana: Cobalt production in metric tons: The latest value from 2016 is 248 metric tons, a decline from 316 metric tons in 2015. In comparison, the world average is 5102 metric tons, based on data from 22 countries. Historically, the average for Botswana from 1998 to 2016 is 277 metric tons. The minimum value, 149 metric tons, was reached in 2011 while the maximum of 342 metric tons was recorded in 2009.

Mexico: Cobalt production in metric tons: The latest value from 2022 is 600 metric tons, a decline from 1100 metric tons in 2021. In comparison, the world average is 9845 metric tons, based on data from 20 countries. Historically, the average for Mexico from 2016 to 2022 is 1026 metric tons. The minimum value, 600 metric tons, was reached in 2022 while the maximum of 1400 metric tons was recorded in 2018.

Bangladesh: Cobalt production in metric tons: The latest value from is metric tons, unavailable from metric tons in . In comparison, the world average is 0 metric tons, based on data from countries. Historically, the average for Bangladesh from to is metric tons. The minimum value, metric tons, was reached in while the maximum of metric tons was recorded in .

Vietnam: Cobalt production in metric tons: The latest value from 2016 is 134 metric tons, a decline from 277 metric tons in 2015. In comparison, the world average is 5102 metric tons, based on data from 22 countries. Historically, the average for Vietnam from 2013 to 2016 is 165 metric tons. The minimum value, 25 metric tons, was reached in 2013 while the maximum of 277 metric tons was recorded in 2015.

Nickel fell to 15,412.88 USD/T on July 24, 2025, down 1.04% from the previous day. Over the past month, Nickel's price has risen 2.24%, but it is still 2.26% lower than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Nickel - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.