The National Waterway Network is a comprehensive network database of the nation's navigable waterways. The data set covers the 48 contiguous states plus the District of Columbia, Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico and water links between. The nominal scale of the dataset varies with the source material. The majority of the information is at 1:100,000 with larger scales used in harbor/bay/port areas and smaller scales used in open waters.

© The National Waterway Network was created on behalf of the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Bureau of Census, and the U.S. Coast Guard by Vanderbilt University and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Additional agencies with input into network development include Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, Maritime Administration, Military Traffic Management Command, Tennessee Valley Authority, U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, and the Federal Railroad Administration. This layer is sourced from maps.bts.dot.gov.

The National Waterway Network (NTAD 2015) is a comprehensive network database of the nation's navigable waterways. The data set covers the 48 contiguous states plus the District of Columbia, Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico and water links between. The nominal scale of the dataset varies with the source material. The majority of the information is at 1:100,000 with larger scales used in harbor/bay/port areas and smaller scales used in open waters.

© The National Waterway Network was created on behalf of the Bureau of Transportation Statistics, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Bureau of Census, and the U.S. Coast Guard by Vanderbilt University and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Additional agencies with input into network development include Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, Maritime Administration, Military Traffic Management Command, Tennessee Valley Authority, U.S.Environmental Protection Agency, and the Federal Railroad Administration.

The FGGD inland water bodies map is a global raster datalayer with a resolution of 5 arc-minutes. It contains the value -997 where inland water bodies is present, the value 1 for the land. The information of inland water bodies is from the 1991 version of Digital Soil Map of the World.

Global map of open permanent water bodies at 300m spatial resolution derived from the full ENVISAT-ASAR dataset between 2005 and 2010.

In an attempt to improve the characterization of inland water bodies in global LC products, a SAR-based approach has been implemented. Multi-temporal acquisitions of Envisat ASAR Wide Swath Mode with local gap fillers based on Image Mode and Global Monitoring Mode from the years 2005 to 2010, MERIS data and auxiliary datasets have been used to generate a single epoch map of permanent open water bodies at 300 m.

Static map of stable open water bodies at 300m spatial resolution resulting from a land/water classification based on Envisat ASAR, SRTM-SWBD and MERIS data. The water pixels of this map correspond to the class "Water Bodies" of the CCI-LC Maps.

The product consists of 3 layers:

Map land/permanent water classification at 300m spatial resolution. Legend : 1-Land, 2-Water,
NObsImsWS number of observations originating from the ASAR Wide Swath Mode + Image Monitoring Mode imagery,
NObsImsGM number of observations originating from the ASAR global monitoring mode imagery.

Link to the ScienceBase Item Summary page for the item described by this metadata record. Service Protocol: Link to the ScienceBase Item Summary page for the item described by this metadata record. Application Profile: Web Browser. Link Function: information

River width is a fundamental parameter of river hydrodynamic simulations, but to date no global-scale river width database based on observed water bodies has been available. Here we present a new algorithm that automatically calculates river width from satellite-based water masks and flow direction maps. The Global Width Database for Large Rivers (GWD-LR) is developed by applying the algorithm to the SRTM Water Body Database and the HydroSHEDS flow direction map.

The Global Inland Water dataset shows inland surface water bodies, including fresh and saline lakes, rivers, and reservoirs. From the GLS 2000 epoch, 3,650,723 km2 of inland water were identified, around three quarters of which were in North America and Asia. Boreal forests and tundra hold the largest portion of inland water, about 40% of the global total. The data exhibits strong linear correlation with both the MODIS dataset as well as 30-m resolution datasets over the United States and Canada. Residual errors were due primarily to the seasonality of water cover, snow and ice, and residual clouds. The dataset contains one or more image for each available Landsat WRS2 path/row. Documentation: User's guide Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD)

This site contains a compilation of monthly mean river discharge data for over 3500 sites worldwide. The data sources are RivDis2.0, the United States Geological Survey, Brazilian National Department of Water and Electrical Energy, and HYDAT-Environment Canada. The period of record for each station is variable, from 3 years to greater than 100. All data is in m3/s.

To access the data click on the map below to zoom in to the desired stations and data. Alternatively, the data can be accessed by using a key word search or by entering the river ID number if that is known. The data is provided in a tab-delimited format compatible with most spreadsheet programs.

We are continually looking to improve this data set and welcome any additional data and comments. Base map image courtesy of NASA. The image came from a single remote sensing device - NASA's MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) onboard the satellite Terra.

This polygon shapefile represents inlands waters in Romania. The Global Map Romania- Boundaries and Drainage layer was developed national dataset from scale 1:500000 - dwg format. Updating of data of this version using generalized data from 1:5000 scale. The Global Map Romania- Drainage layer was developed national dataset from scale 1:500000 - dwg format. In this version was updated almost of inland water and water courses. The Global Map Romania- Population Centre layer was developed national dataset from scale 1:5000000 - dwg format. In this version, in Built-up Area (point) are included all the main village of the local administrative units and almost of this are connected through road. The Global Map Romania- Transportation layer was developed national dataset from scale 1:50000 - dwg format. Updating of data for this version using data from 1:5000 scale.

Maps depicting the intensity of human pressure on the environment have become a critical tool for spatial planning and management, monitoring the extent of human influence across Earth, and identifying critical remaining intact habitat. Yet, these maps are often years out of date by the time they are available to scientists and policy-makers. Here we provide an updated Human Footprint methodology to run on an annual basis to monitor changing anthropogenic pressures. Software and methods are parameterized to enable regular updates in the future. In addition, we release a 100-meter global dataset for the years 2015–2019 and 2020 based on land use, population, infrastructure, and accessibility data. Results show high levels of agreement in validation against expert-interpreted satellite imagery and improved performance compared to previous iterations of similar datasets. These maps are directly relevant to measuring progress towards national and international targets related to biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. Methods This dataset was created by combining data on human pressures across the period 2015 to 2019 and for 2020 to map: 1) Land cover change (built environments, crop lands, and pasture lands), 2) population density, 3) electric infrastructure, 4) roadways, 5) railways, and 6) navigable waterways. Each pressure layer is assigned a score relative to its level of human pressure, then computed into a standardized scale of 0–50 as the sum of all pressure layers. Pressures are not mutually exclusive, rather the co-occurrence of pressures is intended to identify the greatest levels of human impact. The majority of layers cover the complete time period of 2015–2020, however, pressures from pasture, roads, and railways are treated as static in the Human Footprint maps due to limitations in the input datasets. Scripts used to produce this data are available at: https://gitlab.com/impactobservatory/dwi-humanfootprint Overall methodology is based on the following: --B. A. Williams, O. Venter, J. R. Allan, S. C. Atkinson, J. A. Rehbein, M. Ward, M. Di Marco, H. S. Grantham, J. Ervin, S. J. Goetz, A. J. Hansen, P. Jantz, R. Pillay, S. Rodríguez-Buriticá, C. Supples, A. L. S. Virnig, J. E. M. Watson, Change in Terrestrial Human Footprint Drives Continued Loss of Intact Ecosystems. One Earth. 3, 371–382 (2020). --E. W. Sanderson, M. Jaiteh, M. A. Levy, K. H. Redford, A. V. Wannebo, G. Woolmer, The Human Footprint and the Last of the Wild: The human footprint is a global map of human influence on the land surface, which suggests that human beings are stewards of nature, whether we like it or not. BioScience. 52, 891–904 (2002). --O. Venter, E. W. Sanderson, A. Magrach, J. R. Allan, J. Beher, K. R. Jones, H. P. Possingham, W. F. Laurance, P. Wood, B. M. Fekete, M. A. Levy, J. E. M. Watson, Global terrestrial Human Footprint maps for 1993 and 2009. Sci. Data. 3, 160067 (2016). Please see the following for more detail: Gassert F, Venter O, Watson JEM, Brumby SP, Mazzariello JC, Atkinson SC and Hyde S, An operational approach to near real-time global high-resolution mapping of the terrestrial human footprint. Front. Remote Sens. 4:1130896. doi: 10.3389/frsen.2023.1130896 (2023)

Lake Mapping and Bathymetry Market Outlook

The global lake mapping and bathymetry market size was valued at approximately USD 1.2 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 2.8 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 9.6% over the forecast period. This significant growth is propelled by increasing demand for precise aquatic mapping and monitoring, driven by urgent needs in environmental conservation, water resource management, and enhanced navigation safety. Factors such as technological advancements in sonar and LiDAR systems, escalating concerns about water conservation, and the growing importance of aquatic ecosystems in maintaining biodiversity are pivotal to the market's expansion.

A key growth factor is the heightened awareness and regulatory requirements surrounding water conservation and aquatic habitat preservation. Governments and environmental agencies worldwide are investing heavily in technologies that facilitate accurate lake and riverbed mapping to ensure compliance with environmental protection regulations. This investment is not only focused on preserving biodiversity but also on understanding the impacts of climate change on water bodies. As a result, the demand for advanced mapping technologies such as sonar and LiDAR has intensified, as they provide high-resolution data critical for informed decision-making.

Another driving force behind the market's growth is the technological advancements in sonar, LiDAR, and satellite systems, which have revolutionized the precision and efficiency of bathymetric surveys. These technologies allow for comprehensive and accurate underwater topography mapping, which is crucial for various applications including environmental monitoring, navigation, and water resource management. The integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning with these technologies further enhances data processing capabilities, providing real-time insights and predictive analytics that are invaluable for managing water resources effectively.

Moreover, the increasing importance of inland water bodies in supporting local economies and providing recreational opportunities has led to a surge in demand for detailed mapping and bathymetric services. Local governments and municipalities are keen to harness these resources sustainably, which necessitates detailed topographical and ecological assessments of lakes and rivers. This trend is coupled with the growing public interest in outdoor and water-based activities, driving a need for enhanced safety and navigation solutions, thereby creating further opportunities for market growth.

Hydrographic Survey plays a crucial role in the lake mapping and bathymetry market by providing detailed and accurate data on underwater topography. This type of survey is essential for understanding the physical characteristics of water bodies, which is vital for applications such as navigation, environmental monitoring, and resource management. Hydrographic surveys utilize advanced technologies like sonar and LiDAR to map the underwater environment, offering insights into depth variations, sediment composition, and potential hazards. These surveys are indispensable for ensuring safe navigation, particularly in areas with complex underwater landscapes, and for supporting environmental conservation efforts by providing data necessary for habitat preservation and pollution assessment. As the demand for precise aquatic mapping continues to grow, the role of hydrographic surveys becomes increasingly significant in facilitating informed decision-making and sustainable management of water resources.

Regionally, North America and Europe currently dominate the lake mapping and bathymetry market, attributed to their advanced technological infrastructure and strong focus on environmental sustainability. However, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period, driven by rapid urbanization, increasing population, and growing concerns over water scarcity and environmental degradation. Emerging economies in Asia Pacific are increasingly investing in sophisticated technologies for water resource management and environmental monitoring, which is anticipated to bolster market growth in the region.

Technology Analysis

In the realm of lake mapping and bathymetry, technology serves as the backbone enabling precise and efficient data collection and analysis. Among the technologies utilized, sonar systems stand out for their ability to provide detailed unde

As part of the ESA Land Cover Climate Change Initiative (CCI) project a static map of open water bodies at 150 m spatial resolution at the equator has been produced. The CCI WB v4.0 is composed of two layers:1. A static map of open water bodies at 150 m spatial resolution resulting from a compilation and editions of land/water classifications: the Envisat ASAR water bodies indicator, a sub-dataset from the Global Forest Change 2000 - 2012 and the Global Inland Water product.This product is delivered at 150 m as a stand-alone product but it is consistent with class "Water Bodies" of the annual MRLC (Medium Resolution Land Cover) Maps. The product was resampled to 300 m using an average algorithm. Legend : 1-Land, 2-Water2. A static map with the distinction between ocean and inland water is now available at 150 m spatial resolution. It is fully consistent with the CCI WB-Map v4.0. Legend: 0-Ocean, 1-Land.To cite the CCI WB-Map v4.0, please refer to : Lamarche, C.; Santoro, M.; Bontemps, S.; D’Andrimont, R.; Radoux, J.; Giustarini, L.; Brockmann, C.; Wevers, J.; Defourny, P.; Arino, O. Compilation and Validation of SAR and Optical Data Products for a Complete and Global Map of Inland/Ocean Water Tailored to the Climate Modeling Community. Remote Sens. 2017, 9, 36. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9010036

Water supply lakes are the primary source of water for many communities in northern and western Missouri. Therefore, accurate and up-to-date estimates of lake capacity are important for managing and predicting adequate water supply. Many of the water supply lakes in Missouri were previously surveyed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the early 2000s (Richards, 2013) and in 2013 (Huizinga, 2014); however, years of potential sedimentation may have resulted in reduced water storage capacity. Periodic bathymetric surveys are useful to update the area/capacity table and to determine changes in the bathymetric surface. In June and July 2020, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources and in collaboration with various cities in north- and west-central Missouri, completed bathymetric surveys of 12 lakes using a marine-based mobile mapping unit, which consists of a multibeam echosounder (MBES) and an inertial navigation system (INS) mounted on a marine survey vessel. Bathymetric data were collected as the vessel traversed longitudinal transects to provide nearly complete coverage of the lake. The MBES was electronically tilted in some areas to improve data collection along the shoreline, in coves, and in areas that are shallower than about 2.0 meters deep (the practical limit of reasonable and safe data collection with the MBES). At some lakes, supplemental data were collected in shallow areas using an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) mounted on a remote-controlled vessel equipped with a differential global positioning system (DGPS). Bathymetric quality-assurance data also were collected at each lake to evaluate the vertical accuracy of the gridded bathymetric point data from the MBES. As part of the survey at each of these lakes, one or more reference marks or temporary bench marks were established to provide a point of known location and elevation from which the water surface could be measured or another survey could be referenced at a later date. In addition, the elevation of a primary spillway or intake was surveyed, when present. These points were surveyed using a real-time kinematic (RTK) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver connected to the Missouri Department of Transportation real-time network (RTN), which provided real-time survey-grade horizontal and vertical positioning, using field procedures as described in Rydlund and Densmore (2012) for a Level II real-time positioning survey. Mozingo Lake and Maryville Reservoir were surveyed in June 2020 as part of the group of lakes surveyed in 2020. However, extraordinary interest in the bathymetry at Mozingo Lake by the city of Maryville necessitated these data being released earlier than the other 2020 lakes (Huizinga and others, 2021, 2022). The MBES data can be combined with light detection and ranging (lidar) data to prepare a bathymetric map and a surface area and capacity table for each lake. These data also can be used to compare the current bathymetric surface with any previous bathymetric surface. Data from each of the remaining 10 lakes surveyed in 2020 are provided in ESRI Shapefile format (ESRI, 2021). Each of the lakes surveyed in 2020 except Higginsville has a child page containing the metadata and two zip files, one for the bathymetric data, and the other for the bathymetric quality-assurance data. Data from the surveys at the Upper and Lower Higginsville Reservoirs are in two zip files on a single child page, one for the bathymetric data and one for the bathymetric quality assurance data of both lakes, and a single summary metadata file. The zip files follow the format of "####2020_bathy_pts.zip" or "####2020_QA_raw.zip," where "####" is the lake name. Each of these zip files contains a shapefile with an attribute table. Attribute/column labels of each table are described in the "Entity and attribute" section of the metadata file. The various reference marks and additional points from all the lake surveys are provided in ESRI Shapefile format (ESRI, 2021) with an attribute table on the main landing page. Attribute/column labels of this table are described in the "Entity and attribute" section of the metadata file. References Cited: Environmental Systems Research Institute, 2021, ArcGIS: accessed May 20, 2021, at https://www.esri.com/en-us/arcgis/about-arcgis/overview Huizinga, R.J., 2014, Bathymetric surveys and area/capacity tables of water-supply reservoirs for the city of Cameron, Missouri, July 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014–1005, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141005. Huizinga, R.J., Oyler, L.D., and Rivers, B.C., 2022, Bathymetric contour maps, surface area and capacity tables, and bathymetric change maps for selected water-supply lakes in northwestern Missouri, 2019 and 2020: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3486, 12 sheets, includes 21-p. pamphlet, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3486. Huizinga R.J., Rivers, B.C., and Oyler, L.D., 2021, Bathymetric and supporting data for various water supply lakes in northwestern Missouri, 2019 and 2020 (ver. 1.1, September 2021): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P92M53NJ. Richards, J.M., 2013, Bathymetric surveys of selected lakes in Missouri—2000–2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013–1101, 9 p. with appendix, https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1101. Rydlund, P.H., Jr., and Densmore, B.K., 2012, Methods of practice and guidelines for using survey-grade global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) to establish vertical datum in the United States Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 11, chap. D1, 102 p. with appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm11D1.

This polygon shapefile represents areas of inland water such as: lakes, ponds, rivers or streams in Niger. The Global Map Niger version 2 was developed to update Global Map Niger version 1 based on Global Map Specifications version 2.1.

Remotely-sensed and bottom-up survey information were compiled on eight variables measuring the direct and indirect human pressures on the environment globally in 1993 and 2009. This represents not only the most current information of its type, but also the first temporally-consistent set of Human Footprint maps. Data on human pressures were acquired or developed for: 1) built environments, 2) population density, 3) electric infrastructure, 4) crop lands, 5) pasture lands, 6) roads, 7) railways, and 8) navigable waterways. Pressures were then overlaid to create the standardized Human Footprint maps for all non-Antarctic land areas. A validation analysis using scored pressures from 3114×1 km2 random sample plots revealed strong agreement with the Human Footprint maps. We anticipate that the Human Footprint maps will find a range of uses as proxies for human disturbance of natural systems. The updated maps should provide an increased understanding of the human pressures that drive macro-ecological patterns, as well as for tracking environmental change and informing conservation science and application.

We developed a hierarchical Dominant River Tracing (DRT) algorithm for automated extraction and spatial upscaling of basin flow directions and river networks using fine scale hydrography inputs (e.g. flow direction, river networks and flow accumulation). The DRT algorithms are based on the D8 single direction flow method. In contrast with previous upscaling methods, the DRT algorithms utilize information on global and local drainage patterns from baseline fine scale hydrography inputs to determine upscaled flow directions and other critical variables including upscaled basin area, basin shape and river lengths. The DRT algorithm preserves the original baseline hierarchical drainage structure by tracing each entire flow path from headwater to river mouth at fine scale while prioritizing successively higher order basins and rivers for tracing. We applied the algorithm to produce a series of global hydrography data sets from 1/16° to 2°spatial scales in two geographic projections (WGS84 and Lambert azimuthal equal area). The DRT results were evaluated against other alternative upscaling methods and hydrography datasets for continental USA and global domains. These results show favorable DRT upscaling performance in preserving baseline fine scale river network information,including: (1) improved, automated extraction of flow directions and river networks at any spatial scale without the need for manual correction; (2) consistency of river network, basin shape, basin area, river length and basin internal drainage structure between upscaled and
baseline fine scale hydrography; (3) performance largely independent of spatial scale, geographic region and projection. The DRT upscaling process also generates other products useful for hydrological modeling, including flow distance, upstream drainage area,channel gradient and fractional area of basin boundary cells. These data include a set of DRT upscaled global hydrography maps derived from HYDRO1K and HydroSHEDS baseline fine scale hydrography inputs.

Navigation Electronic Map Market Outlook

The global Navigation Electronic Map market size is projected to grow from USD 15.6 billion in 2023 to USD 42.3 billion by 2032, reflecting a remarkable compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.6% during the forecast period. This growth is driven by increasing adoption of advanced navigation systems across various sectors, technological advancements, and rising demand for real-time mapping solutions. One significant growth factor includes the proliferation of location-based services and the integration of artificial intelligence in mapping technologies, which enhances the accuracy and relevance of maps for end-users.

One of the critical drivers for the Navigation Electronic Map market is the continuous evolution of the automotive industry, particularly with the advent of autonomous driving technologies. Self-driving cars rely heavily on high-definition electronic maps for navigation, obstacle detection, and route optimization. The need for precise and dynamic navigation systems is pushing automotive manufacturers and technology companies to invest heavily in this domain. Furthermore, the integration of augmented reality (AR) in navigation systems is creating new avenues for user interaction and experience, making navigation more intuitive and informative for drivers and passengers alike.

Another significant growth factor is the increasing use of navigation systems in the aviation and marine industries. In aviation, navigation electronic maps are crucial for flight planning, air traffic control, and ensuring safe routes. Similarly, in the marine sector, electronic maps aid in route planning, collision avoidance, and navigation through complex waterways. The defense sector also heavily relies on advanced mapping systems for mission planning, reconnaissance, and real-time decision-making. The continuous need for accurate and real-time geographic information in these sectors is a substantial contributor to the marketÂ’s growth trajectory.

The shift towards cloud-based solutions is another pivotal factor driving the expansion of the Navigation Electronic Map market. Cloud deployment offers scalability, ease of access, and real-time data updates, which are essential for modern navigation systems. The ability to seamlessly update maps and provide real-time traffic information enhances user experience and operational efficiency. Additionally, advancements in 5G technology are expected to bolster the performance and reliability of cloud-based navigation systems, further propelling market growth.

Electronic Cartography has become an integral part of modern navigation systems, revolutionizing the way we perceive and interact with maps. Unlike traditional paper maps, electronic cartography offers dynamic and interactive mapping solutions that can be updated in real-time. This technology leverages digital data to provide users with accurate and detailed geographic information, enhancing navigation accuracy and user experience. The integration of electronic cartography in various sectors, such as automotive, aviation, and marine, has led to significant improvements in route planning, obstacle detection, and situational awareness. As the demand for precise and real-time mapping solutions continues to grow, electronic cartography is expected to play a crucial role in shaping the future of navigation technologies.

Regionally, North America is a significant market for navigation electronic maps due to the high adoption rate of advanced technologies and the presence of key industry players. Europe also shows strong growth potential, driven by stringent regulations on vehicle safety and the widespread integration of navigation systems in automobiles. The Asia Pacific region is anticipated to exhibit the highest growth rate during the forecast period, fueled by rapid urbanization, increasing vehicle ownership, and government initiatives to enhance transportation infrastructure. These regional dynamics are pivotal in shaping the overall market landscape.

Component Analysis

The component segment of the Navigation Electronic Map market includes hardware, software, and services. The hardware component comprises GPS devices, sensors, and other navigation equipment. The increasing demand for advanced GPS devices and sensors in automotive and defense applications is a significant factor driving growth in the hardware segment. Additionally, advancements in sensor technology, such as LIDAR and RADAR, have enhanced the accuracy and

The California Rivers Assessment (CARA) is a computer-based data management system designed to give resource managers, policy-makers, landowners, scientists and interested citizens rapid access to essential information and tools with which to make sound decisions about the conservation and use of California's rivers.

 The California Rivers Assessment has the following goals: To provide a
 computerized forum for collecting, storing, analyzing, exchanging and
 retrieving river-related resource data; Improve coordination between local,
 state and federal agencies, other organizations and the interested public; To
 develop a perspective on the demands and uses of California's river resources;
 and establish a process for evaluating and assessing river resources on an
 ongoing basis.

 Although a substantial amount of information about California's rivers is now
 stored in computers, the locations and formats for this information vary, often
 making it difficult to access and use. The second phase of the California
 Rivers Assessment is design of a data management system called an Aggregated
 Information Model (AIM) that makes a wide range of river-related information
 available at a single location in a consistent format. As in Phase I, the Reach
 File system and Hydrologic Unit Codes provide a common, statewide geographic
 reference framework for integrating data from different sources. 

 The development of the AIM began with the acquisition and integration of
 computer-based river resource information on 13 of California's 149 river
 basins. These "demonstration basins" were chosen to reflect California's wide
 range of biological diversity. The Aggregated Information Model now
 incorporates 60 or more data sets for each of 120 river basins. These layers
 include vegetation, land ownership, dams, water quality parameters, rare and
 endangered species, native fish, National Wetlands Inventory designations,
 soils and farmlands inventories. By June 1998, all of California's 149 basins
 will have a uniform set of aggregated data, as well as other specific local
 data sets. 

 AIM allows users to produce custom maps from GIS layers by providing a query
 system over the World Wide Web. "ICE MAPS" (Interactive California
 Environmental Mapping, Assessment and Planning System) enables users to create
 and download their own maps by defining a region within the state and selecting
 desired data sets. Map products include a title bar, scale bar, legend, links
 to related Internet sites and tabular data where available. A new version of
 "ICE MAPS" is also available, that allows users to actually query the AIM data.

The present data set demonstrates the potential of combining observed river discharge information with a climate-driven Water Balance Model in order to develop composite runoff fields which are consistent with observed discharges. Such combined runoff fields preserve the accuracy of the discharge measurements as well as the spatial and temporal distribution of simulated runoff, thereby providing the "best estimate" of terrestrial runoff over large domains.

 The method applied in the preparation of this data set utilizes a
 gridded river network at 30-minute spatial resolution to represent the
 riverine flow pathways and to link the continental land mass to oceans
 through river channels. Selected gauging stations from the Global
 Runoff Data Centre data archive were co-registered to a simulated
 topological network (STN-30p) developed at the University of New
 Hampshire. Inter-station regions between gauging stations along the
 STN-30p network were identified. Inter-station discharge and runoff
 were calculated to compare observed runoff with outputs from the water
 balance model (WBM) simulation. Correction coefficients based on the
 ratio of observed and simulated runoff for inter-station areas were
 calculated and applied against simulated runoff to create composite
 runoff fields.

 The present CD contains not only "UNH-GRDC Composite Runoff Fields
 V1.0" but also intermediate data sets, such as station attributes and
 long-term monthly regimes of the selected gauging stations. Also
 included on the CD are the simulated topological network (STN-30p),
 STN-30p derived attributes for the selected stations and gridded
 fields of the inter-station regions along STN-30p.

 An HTML based data explorer was developed to help users of the
 CD-ROM view the data. With a standard web browser and the CD it is
 possible to navigate from a global view of the data, down to a
 subbasin or station level.

 The printed version of the report can be ordered free of charge
 from GRDC (grdc@bafg.de) or WMO (dhwr@gateway.wmo.ch).

 Note: Due to inaccuracies in the topographical dataset used for the
 compilation of the simulated river network, errors may occur in the
 graphical display of certain lower-order rivers. Users are invited to
 send their comments and notification of errors to the e-mail addresses
 shown above.

 The full report on the UNH/GRDC is available here -
 "http://www.grdc.sr.unh.edu/html/paper/index.html"

This polygon shapefile represents areas of inland water in Nepal. This layer is part of Global Map version 2. The drainage and Transportation layers version 2 are prepared by using the digital 1:1000k data of nepal. The Global Map Nepal version 1.0 Boundaries layer was developed using The Digital Map 200000. Updating the data of version 1.0 using 1:500,000 District Map series and 1:1,000,000 International Map series developed the Global Map Nepal version 1.1 Boundary layer. Updating the Global Map Nepal version 1.1 using 1:1,000,000 Topographic Maps and other information developed the Global Map Nepal version 2.0 Boundary layer, which is corresponding to the merger of municipalities as of April 1, 2010. The Global Map Nepal version 1.0 Population center layer was developed using The 1:1,000,000 Chart International series. Updating the data of version 1.0 using The 1:500,000 District Map series and 1:1,000,000 International Map series developed the Global Map Nepal version 1.1 Population center layer. Updating the Global Map Nepal version 1.1 developed the Global Map Nepal version 2.0 Population center layer, which is corresponding to the merger of municipalities as of April 1, 2010. (Because the built-up area data of the Global Map Nepal is corresponding to the location of each municipality.)

The ISC2010_TOP_OF_BANK line features represent the leveled left and right banks of the river channel. The bank lines have been leveled to the height of lower bank. This data set represents full River Reaches.

River condition in Victoria is assessed every 5 years using the Index of Stream Condition (ISC). The Department of Environment and Primary Industries (DEPI) developed a methodology to assess the Physical Form and Riparian Vegetation components of the ISC using remote sensing data, specifically LIDAR and aerial photography.

A State Wide mapping project was undertaken in 2010-13 to accurately map the Physical Form and Riparian Vegetation metrics of the ISC . Other ISC metrics were not assessed in the project and were derived from other sources.

The Physical Form and Riparian Vegetation Metric products are a combination of mapped Vector and Raster data as well as Tabular Summary Statistics about the mapped features. In the context of the project, the term Metrics is used to refer to both the mapped features and the summary statistics.

Remote sensing data used includes 15cm true colour and infra-red aerial photography and four return multi-pulse LiDAR data. This source data was used to derive a variety of Raster data sets including Digital Terrain Models, Slope, Vegetation Height and Vegetation Cover. The Digital Terrain and Slope rasters were used to map Physical Form metrics including Stream Bed, Top of Bank and River Centre Lines while the Vegetation Height and Cover rasters were used to map the Riparian Vegetation metrics. The Project Report "Aerial Remote Sensing for Physical Channel Form and Riparian Vegetation Mapping" describes the remote sensing and mapping approach used to create this data set.