Combined New England City and Town Areas; 2020 Census - January 1, 2020 vintage

Background and Data Limitations The Massachusetts 1830 map series represents a unique data source that depicts land cover and cultural features during the historical period of widespread land clearing for agricultural. To our knowledge, Massachusetts is the only state in the US where detailed land cover information was comprehensively mapped at such an early date. As a result, these maps provide unusual insight into land cover and cultural patterns in 19th century New England. However, as with any historical data, the limitations and appropriate uses of these data must be recognized: (1) These maps were originally developed by many different surveyors across the state, with varying levels of effort and accuracy. (2) It is apparent that original mapping did not follow consistent surveying or drafting protocols; for instance, no consistent minimum mapping unit was identified or used by different surveyors; as a result, whereas some maps depict only large forest blocks, others also depict small wooded areas, suggesting that numerous smaller woodlands may have gone unmapped in many towns. Surveyors also were apparently not consistent in what they mapped as ‘woodlands’: comparison with independently collected tax valuation data from the same time period indicates substantial lack of consistency among towns in the relative amounts of ‘woodlands’, ‘unimproved’ lands, and ‘unimproveable’ lands that were mapped as ‘woodlands’ on the 1830 maps. In some instances, the lack of consistent mapping protocols resulted in substantially different patterns of forest cover being depicted on maps from adjoining towns that may in fact have had relatively similar forest patterns or in woodlands that ‘end’ at a town boundary. (3) The degree to which these maps represent approximations of ‘primary’ woodlands (i.e., areas that were never cleared for agriculture during the historical period, but were generally logged for wood products) varies considerably from town to town, depending on whether agricultural land clearing peaked prior to, during, or substantially after 1830. (4) Despite our efforts to accurately geo-reference and digitize these maps, a variety of additional sources of error were introduced in converting the mapped information to electronic data files (see detailed methods below). Thus, we urge considerable caution in interpreting these maps. Despite these limitations, the 1830 maps present an incredible wealth of information about land cover patterns and cultural features during the early 19th century, a period that continues to exert strong influence on the natural and cultural landscapes of the region. For users without access to GIS software, the data are available for viewing at: http://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/research/1830instructions.html

  Acknowledgements
  Financial support for this project was provided by the BioMap Project of the Massachusetts Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program, the National Science Foundation, and the Andrew Mellon Foundation. This project is a contribution of the Harvard Forest Long Term Ecological Research Program.

This datalayer is part of a group of layers used for research in the Ipswich River Watershed. This layer includes the area within each town in the Ipswich River Watershed in vector form. This map contains complete information and was derived from the ip30_noinfo_towns layer. To show area within the towns the make up the Ipswich River Watershed study area.

Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical AreasPursuant to 44 U.S.C. § 3504(e)(3), 31 U.S.C. § 1104(d), and Executive Order No. 10,253 (June 11, 1951), 0MB delineates Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Metropolitan Divisions, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, Combined Statistical Areas, and New England City and Town Areas for use in Federal statistical activities. 0MB issues periodic updates of the areas between decennial censuses based on Census Bureau data. Metropolitan Statistical Areas have at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more population, plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration with the core as measured by commuting ties.This layer is used in the map(s): Latest City Boundaries (TIGER)

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All data compiled into this dataset is available under public domain. This set is designed to provide some insight into sales trends across the state of Connecticut as well as the individual towns within. It is also specifically structured to highlight changes in trends due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Variables

list_year: grand list year of the property (grand list years run from Oct. 1 through Sept. 30). town: name of the town that the property was sold in. population: population of the town that the property was sold in. residential_type: single family, two family, three family, four family, or condo. month: the month the sale was recorded. year: the year the sale was recorded. in_pandemic: boolean value indicating whether the selling date was after March 11, 2020. assessed_value: tax assessed value of the property at the time of the sale. sale_amount: final closing sale amount of the property. price_index: the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for that month/year. Used to normalize dollar values. norm_assessed_value: CPI-normalized assessed value (assessed_value / price_index * 100). norm_sale_amount: CPI-normalized sale amount (sale_amount / price_index * 100). norm_sales_ratio: CPI-normalized assessment to sale ratio (norm_assessed_value / norm_sale_amount). latitude: latitude for the property's town. longitude: longitude for the property's town.

Note: the original dataset also contained the street address and exact sale date for each record. Those variables were removed as they were not relevant to the analysis being conducted and to afford the individuals associated with each sale a stonger degree of personal privacy. Records from October 2000 to October 2010 from the original dataset were omitted due to timeliness issues. Records of non-residential types were omitted as they lacked enough historic records to be of consequence to the analysis.

Data sources

Real estate records: https://data.ct.gov/Housing-and-Development/Real-Estate-Sales-2001-2020-GL/5mzw-sjtu Township shapes: https://data.ct.gov/Government/Town-Boundary-Index-Map/evyv-fqzg Consumer price index: https://www.bls.gov/regions/new-england/data/consumerpriceindex_us_table.htm Town populations: https://www.connecticut-demographics.com/cities_by_population

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The MassGIS zoning datalayer represents the boundaries of municipal zoning districts. Because zoning is established at the town level, there is no standard district classification across the state. While districts in different towns may have similar or even identical names, their definitions are often quite different. Generalized codes have been added to make these data useful for regional display. A related table contains detailed information about the districts such as setbacks or text descriptions from each town’s zoning bylaws. Data are available for all communities. (Only primary district information is available for the City of Boston, not additional infomation for its bylaws.) MassGIS stores the data in a statewide ArcSDE layer named ZONING_POLY. Zoning district boundaries change frequently and MassGIS currently has no formal process in place to regularly update these coverages. These data should therefore be used for regional analysis only and not as official zoning maps. The town’s own official zoning map and current copy of the by-law should be considered as the final word on zoning boundary questions or issues. In August, 2007, data were updated for these 93 towns: Adams, Agawam, Amherst, Aquinnah, Ashburnham, Ashby, Athol, Ayer, Belchertown, Billerica, Bourne, Brewster, Chatham, Chelmsford, Cheshire, Chester, Chesterfield, Chicopee, Chilmark, Clarksburg, Clinton, Cummington, Dalton, Dennis, East Longmeadow, Edgartown, Egremont, Falmouth, Fitchburg, Gardner, Georgetown, Gosnold, Granby, Great Barrington, Groton, Hadley, Hampden, Harvard, Hatfield, Hubbardston, Huntington, Lancaster, Lanesborough, Lawrence, Lee, Lenox, Leominster, Lowell, Ludlow, Lunenburg, Mashpee, Monson, Monterey, New Ashford, North Adams, Northampton, Oak Bluffs, Otis, Palmer, Petersham, Phillipston, Pittsfield, Richmond, Rowley, Royalston, Russell, Salisbury, Sandisfield, Sheffield, Shirley, South Hadley, Southampton, Southwick, Sterling, Stockbridge, Templeton, Tisbury, Townsend, Truro, Ware, Washington, Wellfleet, West Springfield, West Stockbridge, West Tisbury, Westfield, Westminster, Wilbraham, Williamsburg, Williamstown, Winchendon, Worthington, and Yarmouth. Note: Complete metadata is available within the downloaded zip file. This metadata can be viewed with ESRI ArcGIS software, and can be exported to FGDC and ISO metadata formats.

November 2021

This is the ONS Postcode Directory (ONSPD) for the United Kingdom as at February 2024 in Comma Separated Variable (CSV) and ASCII text (TXT) formats. This file contains the multi CSVs so that postcode areas can be opened in MS Excel. To download the zip file click the Download button. The ONSPD relates both current and terminated postcodes in the United Kingdom to a range of current statutory administrative, electoral, health and other area geographies. It also links postcodes to pre-2002 health areas, 1991 Census enumeration districts for England and Wales, 2001 Census Output Areas (OA) and Super Output Areas (SOA) for England and Wales, 2001 Census OAs and SOAs for Northern Ireland and 2001 Census OAs and Data Zones (DZ) for Scotland. It now contains 2021 Census OAs and SOAs for England, Wales and Northern Ireland. It helps support the production of area-based statistics from postcoded data. The ONSPD is produced by ONS Geography, who provide geographic support to the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and geographic services used by other organisations. The ONSPD is issued quarterly. (File size - 231 MB) Please note that this product contains Royal Mail, Gridlink, LPS (Northern Ireland), Ordnance Survey and ONS Intellectual Property Rights.

Map of "A new plan of ye great town of Boston in New England in America, with the many additionall buildings & new streets to the year 1743" by William Price. Courtesy of Norman B. Leventhal Map Center Collection.

Witness tree counts within town/township polygons were tallied from early land survey records of town outlines and lotting subdivisions. Overall dates ranged from 1623 to 1870, but varied by town and were recorded about the time of first settlement of the town. A myriad of archived sources were tapped from town, state and national repositories, historical societies and private collections. The SetTreeComp_Northeast_Level1_v1.0 database includes records throughout the domain collated by Charles Cogbill, and include contributions from southern New England by John Burk, from the Catskills, New York by Robert McIntosh, and from the Finger Lakes, New York by Peter Marks. Every effort was used to avoid duplication of trees. The taxa classes were generally genera or unambiguous categories based on the vernacular names used by the surveyors. In several cases (black gum/sweet gum, ironwood, poplar/tulip poplar, cedar/juniper), because of ambiguity in the common tree names used by surveyors, a group represents trees from different families and even orders. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #DEB-1241874, 1241868, 1241870, 1241851, 1241891, 1241846, 1241856, 1241930.