Combined New England City and Town Areas; 2020 Census - January 1, 2020 vintage

Background and Data Limitations The Massachusetts 1830 map series represents a unique data source that depicts land cover and cultural features during the historical period of widespread land clearing for agricultural. To our knowledge, Massachusetts is the only state in the US where detailed land cover information was comprehensively mapped at such an early date. As a result, these maps provide unusual insight into land cover and cultural patterns in 19th century New England. However, as with any historical data, the limitations and appropriate uses of these data must be recognized: (1) These maps were originally developed by many different surveyors across the state, with varying levels of effort and accuracy. (2) It is apparent that original mapping did not follow consistent surveying or drafting protocols; for instance, no consistent minimum mapping unit was identified or used by different surveyors; as a result, whereas some maps depict only large forest blocks, others also depict small wooded areas, suggesting that numerous smaller woodlands may have gone unmapped in many towns. Surveyors also were apparently not consistent in what they mapped as ‘woodlands’: comparison with independently collected tax valuation data from the same time period indicates substantial lack of consistency among towns in the relative amounts of ‘woodlands’, ‘unimproved’ lands, and ‘unimproveable’ lands that were mapped as ‘woodlands’ on the 1830 maps. In some instances, the lack of consistent mapping protocols resulted in substantially different patterns of forest cover being depicted on maps from adjoining towns that may in fact have had relatively similar forest patterns or in woodlands that ‘end’ at a town boundary. (3) The degree to which these maps represent approximations of ‘primary’ woodlands (i.e., areas that were never cleared for agriculture during the historical period, but were generally logged for wood products) varies considerably from town to town, depending on whether agricultural land clearing peaked prior to, during, or substantially after 1830. (4) Despite our efforts to accurately geo-reference and digitize these maps, a variety of additional sources of error were introduced in converting the mapped information to electronic data files (see detailed methods below). Thus, we urge considerable caution in interpreting these maps. Despite these limitations, the 1830 maps present an incredible wealth of information about land cover patterns and cultural features during the early 19th century, a period that continues to exert strong influence on the natural and cultural landscapes of the region. For users without access to GIS software, the data are available for viewing at: http://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/research/1830instructions.html

  Acknowledgements
  Financial support for this project was provided by the BioMap Project of the Massachusetts Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program, the National Science Foundation, and the Andrew Mellon Foundation. This project is a contribution of the Harvard Forest Long Term Ecological Research Program.

This datalayer is part of a group of layers used for research in the Ipswich River Watershed. This layer includes the area within each town in the Ipswich River Watershed. This map contains complete information and was derived from the ip30_noinfo_towns layer. To show area within the towns the make up the Ipswich River Watershed study area.

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Revised Delineations of Metropolitan Statistical AreasPursuant to 44 U.S.C. § 3504(e)(3), 31 U.S.C. § 1104(d), and Executive Order No. 10,253 (June 11, 1951), 0MB delineates Metropolitan Statistical Areas, Metropolitan Divisions, Micropolitan Statistical Areas, Combined Statistical Areas, and New England City and Town Areas for use in Federal statistical activities. 0MB issues periodic updates of the areas between decennial censuses based on Census Bureau data. Metropolitan Statistical Areas have at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more population, plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration with the core as measured by commuting ties.This layer is used in the map(s): Latest City Boundaries (TIGER)

The Growth Centers data on the Future Land Use Map were developed for the Division of Planning, RI Statewide Planning Program as part of an update to a state land use plan. These data are included in the Plan as Figure 121-02-(01), Future Land Use Map. The growth centers were an end product of a GIS overlay analysis of land suitability and scenario planning for future growth. Initially the factors for centers included 9 urban communities; Providence, East Providence, Pawtucket, Cranston, Central Falls, Warwick, West Warwick, Newport and Woonsocket as potential urban centers as opposed to identifying specific neighborhoods in those municipalities. Historical downtowns and traditional mixed-use central business cores in urban fringe / suburban communities were included as potential town centers, as well as, some of the historical village downtowns and some traditional mixed-use cores in rural communities. All communities in the State either include one or more existing or potential centers or are within the Urban Services Boundary on the map. The growth centers shown in these data were selected by the Statewide Planning staff, the Technical Committee and the State Planning Council through a series of discussions at public meetings, and comments received at public hearings and workshops in the final adoption of Land Use 2025 in 2006. Centers depicted on the Future Land Use 2025 map are illustrative of potential new centers that may be established. It is not a intended as a comprehensive inventory of existing centers. Other centers may be illustrated and or proposed in municipal comprehensive plans. Full descriptions of the methodology for the GIS analysis and scenario planning can be found within the Technical Appendix D to Land Use 2025, Geographic Analysis for Land Available and Suitable for Development for Land Use 2025. Land Use 2025: State Land Use Policies and Plan was published by the RI Statewide Planning Program on April 13, 2006. The Plan directs the state and communities to concentrate growth inside the Urban Services Boundary (USB) and within potential growth centers in rural areas. It establishes different development approaches for urban and rural areas. This Map has several purposes and applications: It is intended to be used as a policy guide for directing growth to areas most capable of supporting current and future developed uses and to direct growth away from areas less suited for development. Secondly, the Map is a guide to assist the state and communities in making land use policies. It is important to note the Map is a generalized portrayal of state land use policy. It is not a statewide zoning map. Zoning matters and individual land use decisions are the prerogative of local governments. Growth Centers are envisioned to be areas that will encourage development that is both contiguous to existing development with low fiscal and environmental impacts. They are intended to be compact developed areas (existing or new) containing a defined central core that accommodate community needs for residential and economic functions. Centers are intended to provide optimum use of land and services, and offer a choice of diverse housing stock, economic functions, and cultural and governmental uses. Density will vary greatly between centers subject to site constraints; however, it is intended that they will share the common characteristic of compact development that capitalizes on existing infrastructure. Centers should reflect traditional New England development patterns with a human scale of blocks, streets, open spaces that offer walkability and access to transit where available. In suburban areas, centers should be distinguished from surrounding sprawling development by a closer proximity between residential and non-residential uses. In rural areas, centers should be surrounded by natural areas, farmland, or open space, and may have a mixed-use and or commercial area in the core for neighborhood-scale goods and services. The land use element is the over arching element in Rhode Island's State Guide Plan. The Plan articulates goals, objectives and strategies to guide the current and future land use planning of municipalities and state agencies. The purpose of the plan is to guide future land use and to present policies under which state and municipal plans and land use activities will be reviewed for consistency with the State Guide Plan. The Map is a graphical representation of recommendations for future growth patterns in the State. The Map contains a USB that shows where areas with public services supporting urban development presently exist, or are likely to be provided, through 2025. Also included on the map are growth centers which are potential areas for development and redevelopment outside of the USB. These data will be updated when plan is updated or upon an amendment approved by the State Planning Council.

All data compiled into this dataset is available under public domain. This set is designed to provide some insight into sales trends across the state of Connecticut as well as the individual towns within. It is also specifically structured to highlight changes in trends due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Variables

list_year: grand list year of the property (grand list years run from Oct. 1 through Sept. 30). town: name of the town that the property was sold in. population: population of the town that the property was sold in. residential_type: single family, two family, three family, four family, or condo. month: the month the sale was recorded. year: the year the sale was recorded. in_pandemic: boolean value indicating whether the selling date was after March 11, 2020. assessed_value: tax assessed value of the property at the time of the sale. sale_amount: final closing sale amount of the property. price_index: the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for that month/year. Used to normalize dollar values. norm_assessed_value: CPI-normalized assessed value (assessed_value / price_index * 100). norm_sale_amount: CPI-normalized sale amount (sale_amount / price_index * 100). norm_sales_ratio: CPI-normalized assessment to sale ratio (norm_assessed_value / norm_sale_amount). latitude: latitude for the property's town. longitude: longitude for the property's town.

Note: the original dataset also contained the street address and exact sale date for each record. Those variables were removed as they were not relevant to the analysis being conducted and to afford the individuals associated with each sale a stonger degree of personal privacy. Records from October 2000 to October 2010 from the original dataset were omitted due to timeliness issues. Records of non-residential types were omitted as they lacked enough historic records to be of consequence to the analysis.

Data sources

Real estate records: https://data.ct.gov/Housing-and-Development/Real-Estate-Sales-2001-2020-GL/5mzw-sjtu Township shapes: https://data.ct.gov/Government/Town-Boundary-Index-Map/evyv-fqzg Consumer price index: https://www.bls.gov/regions/new-england/data/consumerpriceindex_us_table.htm Town populations: https://www.connecticut-demographics.com/cities_by_population

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November 2021

This is the ONS Postcode Directory (ONSPD) for the United Kingdom as at February 2024 in Comma Separated Variable (CSV) and ASCII text (TXT) formats. This file contains the multi CSVs so that postcode areas can be opened in MS Excel. To download the zip file click the Download button. The ONSPD relates both current and terminated postcodes in the United Kingdom to a range of current statutory administrative, electoral, health and other area geographies. It also links postcodes to pre-2002 health areas, 1991 Census enumeration districts for England and Wales, 2001 Census Output Areas (OA) and Super Output Areas (SOA) for England and Wales, 2001 Census OAs and SOAs for Northern Ireland and 2001 Census OAs and Data Zones (DZ) for Scotland. It now contains 2021 Census OAs and SOAs for England, Wales and Northern Ireland. It helps support the production of area-based statistics from postcoded data. The ONSPD is produced by ONS Geography, who provide geographic support to the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and geographic services used by other organisations. The ONSPD is issued quarterly. (File size - 231 MB) Please note that this product contains Royal Mail, Gridlink, LPS (Northern Ireland), Ordnance Survey and ONS Intellectual Property Rights.

This interactive map was created using the FIPS spacial dataset that included polygons of all municipalities in New England and New York state. Using a unique identifier code we joined those data with a CSV file that included all of the municipalities that we had inventory data for, as well as links to the FEMC archive where that data is housed. This map will visually display all the municipalities in the region as polygons with different colors that indicate how much data FEMC has for each one.

Map of "A new plan of ye great town of Boston in New England in America, with the many additionall buildings & new streets to the year 1743" by William Price. Courtesy of Norman B. Leventhal Map Center Collection.

Witness tree counts within town/township polygons were tallied from early land survey records of town outlines and lotting subdivisions. Overall dates ranged from 1623 to 1870, but varied by town and were recorded about the time of first settlement of the town. A myriad of archived sources were tapped from town, state and national repositories, historical societies and private collections. The SetTreeComp_Northeast_Level1_v1.0 database includes records throughout the domain collated by Charles Cogbill, and include contributions from southern New England by John Burk, from the Catskills, New York by Robert McIntosh, and from the Finger Lakes, New York by Peter Marks. Every effort was used to avoid duplication of trees. The taxa classes were generally genera or unambiguous categories based on the vernacular names used by the surveyors. In several cases (black gum/sweet gum, ironwood, poplar/tulip poplar, cedar/juniper), because of ambiguity in the common tree names used by surveyors, a group represents trees from different families and even orders. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #DEB-1241874, 1241868, 1241870, 1241851, 1241891, 1241846, 1241856, 1241930.