Historical shoreline change is considered to be a crucial element in studying the vulnerability of the national shoreline. These data are used in a shoreline change analysis for the USGS National Assessment Project. There are critical needs for a nationwide compilation of reliable shoreline data. To meet these needs, the USGS has produced a comprehensive database of digital vector shorelines by compiling shoreline positions from pre-existing historical shoreline databases and by generating historical and modern shoreline data. Shorelines are compiled by state and generally correspond to one of four time periods: 1800s, 1920s-1930s, 1970s, and 1998-2002. Each shoreline may represent a compilation of data from one or more sources for one or more dates provided by one or more agencies. Details regarding source are provided in the 'Data Quality Information' section of this metadata report. Shoreline vectors derived from historic sources (first three time periods) represent the high water line at the time of the survey, whereas modern shorelines (final time period) represent the mean high water line. .

FIRE1850_POLY:

One of a series of four maps showing the state of forests in the northern coastal area of Oregon. They show the change in stand age over time due to fires. This dataset shows conditions in 1850.

The reason for producing the original Prussian map was the need to create a uniform set of maps for the territory of the Kingdom of Prussia after the political reorganization of Europe by the Congress of Vienna (1814 to 1815). When Prussia regained most of its old territory after the wars of liberation and the Rhine province and the province of Westphalia were added, among other things, the Prussian military initially only had the tranchot cards left behind by Napoleon at their disposal. Therefore, the Prussian General Staff decided in 1818 to carry out a new comprehensive topographical survey of the western provinces and the rest of the state. Under the direction of Major General Freiherr von Müffling, young officers with the rank of lieutenant were assigned to the recording and mapping work. Each sheet was initialed with the rank and name of the receiving officer. Work began in 1836 in the province of Westphalia and in 1842 in the province of Rhineland. The technical equipment used was the measuring table with a compass, spirit level and diopter ruler. With this technique, which is simple by today's standards, the sheets of the original recording were created with impressive accuracy. They were then worked out in color with great graphic precision. The original recording was also initially kept as a military secret and was only used to process the 1:100,000 general staff map. However, since the civilian side was demanding the release of the military maps more and more urgently, e.g. B. to facilitate planning for road and railway construction, it was decided from 1868 to reproduce and publish the existing sheets. Originally, the original recording had its own numbering system without sheet names. For reasons of simplification, the reproductions were given the sheet numbers and sheet names of today's DTK25 at a later date. Sheet 4506 Duisburg is a color reconstruction of the map sheet that has been missing since 1945, whereby the coloring was determined from the gray value levels of a surviving monochrome copy and the adjacent map sheets.

Author: A Kloempken, educator, Minnesota Alliance for Geographic EducationGrade/Audience: grade 6, grade 7Resource type: lessonSubject topic(s): maps, historyRegion: united statesStandards: Standard 1. People use geographic representations and geospatial technologies to acquire, process and report information within a spatial context.

Standard 2. Historical inquiry is a process in which multiple sources and different kids of historical evidence are analyzed to draw conclusions about what happened in the past, and how and why it happened.

Standard 19. Regional tensions around economic development, slavery, territorial expansion and governance resulted in a civil war and a period of Reconstruction that led to the abolition of slavery, a more powerful federal governments, a renewed push into indigenous nations' territory and continuing conflict over racial relations (Civil War and Reconstruction 1850-1877) Objectives: Students will be able to:

1. Understand the parts of a map (TODALSS)
2. Read and analyze a map.
3. Compare maps as primary and secondary sources.
4. Develop guiding questions for research.Summary: This lesson will aid students throughout the grade levels to understand historic maps and how to analyze them. Here, maps of the Battle of Gettysburg are used for research into Minnesota' role in the battle.

The SPATIAL LOCATION of railroads/ is based upon locations as given in the National Transportation Atlas Database (United States Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics) and contemporary and historical U.S. topographical maps (United States Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey)./The EXISTENCE of a railroad serving locations at a specific date (see variable "InOpBy") was determined using the following resources: 1911: state maps from William D. Whitney and Benjamin E. Smith (eds) The Century dictionary and cyclopedia, with a new atlas of the world, New York: Century Co., 1911 (using scanned images from http://www.goldbug.com); 1903: regional maps from Rand McNally, Rand McNally & Co.'s Enlarged Business Atlas And Shippers' Guide ... Showing In Detail The Entire Railroad System ... Accompanied By A New And Original Compilation And Ready Reference Index…, Chicago: Rand McNally & Company, 1903 (using images 2844006, 2844007 and 2844008 from http://www.davidrumey.com); 1898: regional maps from Rand McNally, United States. Rand, McNally & Co., Map Publishers and Engravers, Chicago, 1898. Rand, McNally & Co.'s New Business Atlas Map of the United States…, Chicago: Rand McNally & Company, 1898 (using images 0772003, 0772004 and 0772005 from http://www.davidrumey.com); 1893: state maps from Rand McNally and Company, Rand, McNally & Co.'s enlarged business atlas and shippers guide ; containing large-scale maps of all the states and territories in the United States, of the Dominion of Canada, the Republic of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies and Cuba. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1893 (images courtesy of Murray Hudson, www.antiquemapsandglobes.com) except for Louisiana, Maryland/Delaware, Michigan, and Mississippi which were taken from Rand McNally, Universal Atlas of the World, Chicago: Rand McNally, 1893 (images courtesy of the University of Alabama Cartographic Lab) and Texas which was digitized by Amanda Gregg from Rand McNally & Co. Indexed county and railroad pocket map and shippers' guide of Texas : accompanied by a new and original compilation and ready reference index, showing in detail the entire railroad system ...Chicago: Rand McNally & Co., c1893 (Yale University Beinecke Library, Call Number: Zc52 893ra); 1889: state maps from Rand McNally, Rand, McNally & Co.'s enlarged business atlas and shippers guide…, Chicago: Rand McNally & Co., 1889 (using images 2094016 through 2094062 from http://www.davidrumey.com); 1881: state maps from Rand McNally, New Indexed Business Atlas and Shippers Guide, Chicago: Rand McNally & Co., 1881 (photographed by Amanda Gregg from a copy in the Yale University Beinecke Library, 2009 Folio 63); 1877: state maps from Rand McNally and Company, Rand McNally & Co’s Business Atlas, Chicago: Rand McNally & Co., 1877 (digitized by Matthew Van den Berg from a copy in the Library of Congress, Call no. G1200 .R3358 1877); 1872: regional maps from Warner & Beers, Atlas of the United States, Chicago: Warner & Beers, 1872 (using images 2585069 through 2585078 from http://www.davidrumey.com);1868: national map by J. T. Lloyd, Lloyd's New Map of the United States The Canadas and New Brunswick From The Latest Surveys Showing Every Railroad & Station Finished … 1868, New York: J. T. Lloyd, 1868 (using image 2859002 from http://www.davidrumey.com)1863: national map by J. T. Lloyd, Lloyd's New Map of the United States The Canadas And New Brunswick From the latest Surveys Showing Every Railroad & Station Finished to June 1863, New York: J. T. Lloyd, 1863 (using image 2591002 from http://www.davidrumey.com)1861: regional maps by G. R. Taylor and Irene D. Neu, The American Railroad Network 1861-1890, Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1956;1858: national map by Hugo Stammann, J. Sage & Son's new & reliable rail road map comprising all the railroads of the United States and Canadas with their stations and distances, Buffalo, NY: J Sage & Sons, 1858 using image rr000360 from the Library of Congress at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3701p.rr000360;1856: national map by Richard S. Fisher, Dinsmore's complete map of the railroads & canals in the United States & Canada carefully compiled from authentic sources by Richard S. Fisher, editor of the American Rail Road & Steam Navigation Guide, New York, 1856 using image rr000300 from the Library of Congress at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3701p.rr000300;1854: national map by E. D. Sanford, H. V. Poor's rail road map showing particularly the location and connections of the North East & South West Alabama Rail Road, by E. D. Sanford, Civil Engineer, n.p.: 1854 using image rr004950 from the Library of Congress at http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3701p.rr004950;1852: national map by J. H. Colton, Colton's Map Of The United States, The Canadas &c. Showing The Rail Roads, Canals & Stage Roads: With Distances from Place to Place, New York: J. H. Colton, 1852 (using image 0172002 from http://www.davidrumey.com)1850 and earlier dates: Curran Dinsmore, Dinsmore & Company's new and complete map of the railway system of the United States and Canada; compiled from official sources, under the direction of the editor of the "American Railway Guide.", New York: 1850, the early railroad database assembled by Professor Milton C. Hallberg (deceased, Pensylvania State University) and appearing on http://oldrailhistory.com/, various railroad histories, on-line google search results and Wikipedia entries for specific railroads appearing in Hallberg’s database. Digitized maps were geo-referenced using ArcGIS 10’s spline algorithm against the National Historical Geographic Information System’s 2009 TIGER-based historical state and county boundary files (see www.nhgis.org) and the U.S. National Atlas’s database of cities and town.No effort was made to identify or preserve double tracking. Sidings, yards, and turnouts, etc., were deleted whenever possible absent any knowledge as to when these features were constructed.See Jeremy Atack "Procedures and Issues Relating to the Creration of Historical Transportation Shapfiles of Navigabale Rivers, Canals, and Railroads in the United States" available at https://my.vanderbilt.edu/jeremyatack/files/2015/09/HistoricalTransportationSHPfilesDocumenation.pdf. Also Jeremy Atack, "On the Use of Geographic Informations Systems in Economic History" Journal of Economic History, 73:2 (June 2013): 313-338. Also available at https://my.vanderbilt.edu/jeremyatack/files/2011/08/EHAPresidentialAddress.pdfRevision History: Edited = 1 ==> minor modifications by Jeremy Atack, September 20, 2015 amending dates for "InOpBy" and/or endpoints to fix microfractures and inconsistencies,1861 or earlier.= 2 ==> JA; 9/21/2015 switched dates and names (1861-1903) on Charleston & Savannah RR just west of Ashley River to accurately reflect LOC map for this RR= 3 ==> JA: 12/22/2015 modification to RR dates and locations around Baltimore, New York city, Philadelphia and Washington DC reflecting (some but not all) of the 1860 mapping by C. Baer et al., Canals and Railroads of the Mid-Atlantic States, 1800-1860 (Hagley Foundation 1981)SHP file edited 5/9/2016 to fix error message in ArcCatalog caused by 4 "phantom" features (InOpBy=blank/zero) that had no geometry associated with them.

In the past four centuries, the population of the Thirteen Colonies and United States of America has grown from a recorded 350 people around the Jamestown colony in Virginia in 1610, to an estimated 346 million in 2025. While the fertility rate has now dropped well below replacement level, and the population is on track to go into a natural decline in the 2040s, projected high net immigration rates mean the population will continue growing well into the next century, crossing the 400 million mark in the 2070s. Indigenous population Early population figures for the Thirteen Colonies and United States come with certain caveats. Official records excluded the indigenous population, and they generally remained excluded until the late 1800s. In 1500, in the first decade of European colonization of the Americas, the native population living within the modern U.S. borders was believed to be around 1.9 million people. The spread of Old World diseases, such as smallpox, measles, and influenza, to biologically defenseless populations in the New World then wreaked havoc across the continent, often wiping out large portions of the population in areas that had not yet made contact with Europeans. By the time of Jamestown's founding in 1607, it is believed the native population within current U.S. borders had dropped by almost 60 percent. As the U.S. expanded, indigenous populations were largely still excluded from population figures as they were driven westward, however taxpaying Natives were included in the census from 1870 to 1890, before all were included thereafter. It should be noted that estimates for indigenous populations in the Americas vary significantly by source and time period. Migration and expansion fuels population growth The arrival of European settlers and African slaves was the key driver of population growth in North America in the 17th century. Settlers from Britain were the dominant group in the Thirteen Colonies, before settlers from elsewhere in Europe, particularly Germany and Ireland, made a large impact in the mid-19th century. By the end of the 19th century, improvements in transport technology and increasing economic opportunities saw migration to the United States increase further, particularly from southern and Eastern Europe, and in the first decade of the 1900s the number of migrants to the U.S. exceeded one million people in some years. It is also estimated that almost 400,000 African slaves were transported directly across the Atlantic to mainland North America between 1500 and 1866 (although the importation of slaves was abolished in 1808). Blacks made up a much larger share of the population before slavery's abolition. Twentieth and twenty-first century The U.S. population has grown steadily since 1900, reaching one hundred million in the 1910s, two hundred million in the 1960s, and three hundred million in 2007. Since WWII, the U.S. has established itself as the world's foremost superpower, with the world's largest economy, and most powerful military. This growth in prosperity has been accompanied by increases in living standards, particularly through medical advances, infrastructure improvements, clean water accessibility. These have all contributed to higher infant and child survival rates, as well as an increase in life expectancy (doubling from roughly 40 to 80 years in the past 150 years), which have also played a large part in population growth. As fertility rates decline and increases in life expectancy slows, migration remains the largest factor in population growth. Since the 1960s, Latin America has now become the most common origin for migrants in the U.S., while immigration rates from Asia have also increased significantly. It remains to be seen how immigration restrictions of the current administration affect long-term population projections for the United States.

The data on this CD consist of geographic information system (GIS) coverages and tabular data on the geology of Early Proterozoic and Archean rocks in part of the Early Proterozoic Penokean orogeny. The map emphasizes metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks that were deposited along the southern margin of the Superior craton and were later deformed during continental collision at about 1850 Ma. The area includes the famous iron ranges of the south shore region of the Lake Superior district. Base maps, both as digital raster graphics (DRG) and digital line graphs (DLG) are also provided for the convenience of users. The map has been compiled from many individual studies, mostly by USGS researchers, completed during the past 50 years, including many detailed (1:24,000 scale) geologic maps. Data was compiled at 1:100,000 scale and preserves most of the details of source materials. This product is a preliminary release of the geologic map data bases during ongoing studies of the geology and metallogeny of the Penokean continental margin. Files are provided in three formats: Federal Spatial Data Transfer format (SDTS), Arc export format (.e00) files, and Arc coverages. All files can be accessed directly from the CD-ROM using either ARC/INFO 7.1.2 or later or Arc View 3.0 or later software. ESRI's Arc Explorer, a free GIS data viewer also provides display and querying capability for these files.

The California State Lands Commission (CSLC) was created by the California Legislature in 1938 and given the authority and responsibility to manage certain public lands within the state. The public lands under the Commission’s jurisdiction are of two distinct types—sovereign lands acquired upon California’s admission into the Union in 1850; and certain federally granted lands including school lands, and swamp and overflowed lands. For purposes of this GIS data, sovereign lands are considered to be further divided into two general categories—fixed-boundary sovereign lands and ambulatory-boundary sovereign lands. The following lands are included in this data: Portions of the ambulatory-boundary for state sovereign lands at a specific point in time, for portions of the San Joaquin River. NOT INCLUDED IN THIS DATA: School lands: These are what remains of nearly 5.5 million acres throughout the state originally granted to California by Congress in 1853 to benefit public education. Fixed-boundary sovereign lands: These are sovereign, public trust lands having fixed boundaries as the result of land exchanges, boundary line agreements or court orders. Swamps and overflowed lands: These are what remain of federal lands granted to California by Congress in 1850 to encourage reclamation and development of agricultural lands. ALSO NOT INCLUDED IN THIS DATA: Ownership details within the U.S. Government meanders of Owens Lake. THIS DATA SUPERSEDES all previously published GIS information with respect to the above described state-owned lands under the jurisdiction of the CSLC.

This data was created to depict portions of state-owned Sovereign Lands that are under the jurisdiction of the California State Lands Commission. Data coverage is currently limited to reaches 1A, 4A and 4B1 of the San Joaquin River.

The California State Lands Commission (CSLC) was created by the California Legislature in 1938 and given the authority and responsibility to manage certain public lands within the state. The public lands under the Commission’s jurisdiction are of two distinct types—sovereign lands acquired upon California’s admission into the Union in 1850; and certain federally granted lands including school lands, and swamp and overflowed lands. For purposes of this GIS data, sovereign lands are considered to be further divided into two general categories—fixed-boundary sovereign lands and ambulatory-boundary sovereign lands.

The following lands are included in this data:

· Portions of the ambulatory-boundary for state sovereign lands at a specific point in time, for portions of the San Joaquin River.

NOT INCLUDED IN THIS DATA:

· School lands: These are what remains of nearly 5.5 million acres throughout the state originally granted to California by Congress in 1853 to benefit public education.

· Fixed-boundary sovereign lands: These are sovereign, public trust lands having fixed boundaries as the result of land exchanges, boundary line agreements or court orders.

· Swamps and overflowed lands: These are what remain of federal lands granted to California by Congress in 1850 to encourage reclamation and development of agricultural lands.

ALSO NOT INCLUDED IN THIS DATA: Ownership details within the U.S. Government meanders of Owens Lake.

THIS DATA SUPERSEDES all previously published GIS information with respect to the above described state-owned lands under the jurisdiction of the CSLC.

Data for Figure TS.1 from the Technical Summary of the Working Group I (WGI) Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6).

Figure TS.1 shows changes in atmospheric CO2 and global surface temperature (relative to 1850-1900) from the deep past to the next 300 years.

How to cite this dataset

When citing this dataset, please include both the data citation below (under 'Citable as') and the following citation for the report component from which the figure originates: Arias, P.A., N. Bellouin, E. Coppola, R.G. Jones, G. Krinner, J. Marotzke, V. Naik, M.D. Palmer, G.-K. Plattner, J. Rogelj, M. Rojas, J. Sillmann, T. Storelvmo, P.W. Thorne, B. Trewin, K. Achuta Rao, B. Adhikary, R.P. Allan, K. Armour, G. Bala, R. Barimalala, S. Berger, J.G. Canadell, C. Cassou, A. Cherchi, W. Collins, W.D. Collins, S.L. Connors, S. Corti, F. Cruz, F.J. Dentener, C. Dereczynski, A. Di Luca, A. Diongue Niang, F.J. Doblas-Reyes, A. Dosio, H. Douville, F. Engelbrecht, V. Eyring, E. Fischer, P. Forster, B. Fox-Kemper, J.S. Fuglestvedt, J.C. Fyfe, N.P. Gillett, L. Goldfarb, I. Gorodetskaya, J.M. Gutierrez, R. Hamdi, E. Hawkins, H.T. Hewitt, P. Hope, A.S. Islam, C. Jones, D.S. Kaufman, R.E. Kopp, Y. Kosaka, J. Kossin, S. Krakovska, J.-Y. Lee, J. Li, T. Mauritsen, T.K. Maycock, M. Meinshausen, S.-K. Min, P.M.S. Monteiro, T. Ngo-Duc, F. Otto, I. Pinto, A. Pirani, K. Raghavan, R. Ranasinghe, A.C. Ruane, L. Ruiz, J.-B. Sallée, B.H. Samset, S. Sathyendranath, S.I. Seneviratne, A.A. Sörensson, S. Szopa, I. Takayabu, A.-M. Tréguier, B. van den Hurk, R. Vautard, K. von Schuckmann, S. Zaehle, X. Zhang, and K. Zickfeld, 2021: Technical Summary. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Péan, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekçi, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 33−144, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.002.

Figure subpanels

The figure has three panels with multiple subplots. Metadata provided for all the plots in the figure, and data is provided for the maps of surface temperature (projections and 2020) and for the atmospheric CO2 concentration corresponding to the paleo 60 - 1 million years time series, and paleo and direct measurements from 800 thousand years to 1980.

List of data provided

This dataset contains:

• Atmospherics CO2 concentration (ppm) corresponding to the paleo 60–1 million years
• Atmospherics CO2 concentration (ppm), paleo and direct measurements from 800 thousand years to 1980
• Global surface temperature for 2020 (estimate of the total observed warming since 1850–1900).
• Global surface temperature at 2100 and 2300 from CMIP6 models (relative to 1850-1900) for SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios.

Data provided in relation to figure

• Data file: CO2_60_Myr.csv (top row, atmospheric CO2 concentration corresponding to the paleo 60–10 million years time series)
• Data file: fig2_4a_main_figure_data.csv (top row, paleo and direct measurements from 800 thousand years to 1980)
• Data file: TS_BK_2020.nc (Global surface temperature map for 2020, estimate of the total observed warming since 1850–1900).
• Data file: ensmean_tas_ssp126_2100-historical_1850_regrid.nc (Global surface temperature map at 2100 relative to 1850-1900 for SSP1-2.6 scenario)
• Data file: ensmean_tas_ssp126_2300-historical_1850_regrid.nc (Global surface temperature map at 2300 relative to 1850-1900 for SSP1-2.6 scenario)
• Data file: ensmean_tas_ssp585_2100-historical_1850_regrid.nc (Global surface temperature map at 2100 relative to 1850-1900 for SSP5-8.5 scenario)
• Data file: ensmean_tas_ssp585_2300-historical_1850_regrid.nc (Global surface temperature map at 2300 relative to 1850-1900 for SSP5-8.5 scenario)

CSV files were converted for archival from Excel workbooks.

SSP stands for Shared Socioeconomic Pathway. ppm stands for parts per million. SSP1-2.6 is based on Shared Socioeconomic Pathway SSP1 with low climate change mitigation and adaptation challenges and RCP2.6, a future pathway with a radiative forcing of 2.6 W/m2 in the year 2100. SSP2-4.5 is based on Shared Socioeconom... For full abstract see: https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/3d16a09c21c9440288608276b615c11f.

The tectonic earthquake data are primarily from a Uniform Moment Magnitude Earthquake Catalog developed for Utah and its surrounding region by Arabasz and others (2016) for the time period 1850 through September 2012. For the map, we extended the catalog through December 2016 and expanded it to include earthquakes smaller than magnitude 2.9. MIS was excluded from the compilation of Arabasz and others (2016) but has been added to the map to show its significance in east-central Utah. Data for the seismic events plotted on the map are listed in two separate catalogs in the form of an ArcGIS feature class within a file geodatabase. The catalog files are available in the Utah Geospatial Resource Center (UGRC) State Geographic Information Database (SGID, https://gis.utah.gov/data/geoscience/) and at https://ugspub.nr.utah.gov/publications/open_file_reports/ofr-667/ofr-667.zip. The primary catalog used for the map, termed the Earthquake Catalog (EQ Catalog, Utah_EQcat_1850_2016), comprises tectonic earthquakes located within the “Utah Region” (lat. 36.75° to 42.50° N, long. 108.75° to 114.25° W) from 1850 through 2016. This region is the standard region used by the University of Utah Seismograph Stations (UUSS) for the compilation and reporting of earthquakes within and surrounding Utah. Note that the map covers most, but not all, of the Utah Region. The map delineates two areas in east-central Utah that are characterized by predominantly (more than 90%) MIS. All seismic events (including both MIS and tectonic earthquakes) located in these two areas are listed in a separate catalog, termed the Coal-Mining-Region Catalog (CMR Catalog)(Utah_CMRcat_1928_2016), which extends from 1928 (the year of the first located event) through 2016. The EQ and CMR catalogs are mutually exclusive. The EQ Catalog does not include tectonic earthquakes located within the two delineated areas of predominantly MIS. More information about the earthquake epicenter data is contained in UGS OFR 667 (https://ugspub.nr.utah.gov/publications/open_file_reports/ofr-667/ofr-667.pdf).

The Netherlands is the only country with a special service for water-state artography. This is due to the unique structure of the Dutch landscape. The fact that about half of our land is below sea level requires special management measures. The water state artography contributes to this with maps that provide an inventory of the water management infrastructure of the country.From around 1850 onwards, a systematic mapping of the Netherlands began. The first edition of the Water Management Map of the Netherlands 1:50.000 was published from 1865 (Ormeling & Kraak, 1993, p. 229). In principle, five editions of the water state map have been published. However, the number of editions varies considerably per map sheet. Of some chart sheets, only four editions have been published, from others six or even seven. In addition, there are already three editions of certain map sheets, while the second edition still had to be released from other map sheets. The sheet layout has also been modified several times, based on the Topographic Service.

In the description of the five editions, the separate map sheet was the starting point. This means that cards from the same year can appear in different editions.

These data are high-resolution bathymetry (riverbed elevation) and depth-averaged velocities in ASCII format, generated from hydrographic and velocimetric surveys of the Mississippi River near structures A4936/A1850 on Interstate 255 near St. Louis, Missouri, in 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2016. Hydrographic data were collected using a high-resolution multibeam echosounder mapping system (MBMS), which consists of a multibeam echosounder (MBES) and an inertial navigation system (INS) mounted on a marine survey vessel. Data were collected as the vessel traversed the river along planned survey lines distributed throughout the reach. Data collection software integrated and stored the depth data from the MBES and the horizontal and vertical position and attitude data of the vessel from the INS in real time. Data processing required computer software to extract bathymetry data from the raw data files and to summarize and map the information. Velocity data were collected using an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) mounted on a survey vessel equipped with a differential global positioning system (DGPS). Data were collected as the vessel traversed the river along planned transect lines distributed throughout the reach. Velocity data were processed using the Velocity Mapping Toolbox (Parsons and other, 2013), and smoothed using neighboring nodes.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2020; generated by CCRPC staff; using 2020 Census Demographic Data Map Viewer; https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/2021/geo/demographicmapviewer.html; (18 August 2021); U.S. Census Bureau; Census 2000, Summary File 1, Table DP-1; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; http://factfinder2.census.gov; (30 December 2015). U.S. Census Bureau; Census 2010, Summary File 1, Table P1; generated by CCRPC staff; using American FactFinder; http://factfinder2.census.gov; (30 December 2015). U.S. Census Bureau; 1980 Census of Population, Volume 1: Characteristics of the Population, Chapter A: Number of Inhabitants, Part 15: Illinois, PC80-1-A15, Table 2, Land Area and Population: 1930-1980. U.S. Census Bureau; Fourteenth Census of the United States; State Compendium Illinois, Table 1. - Area and Population of Counties: 1850 to 1920; https://www.census.gov/library/publications/1924/dec/state-compendium.html; (23 August 2018).