The main stock market index of United States, the US500, rose to 6327 points on July 23, 2025, gaining 0.27% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 3.85% and is up 16.57% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from United States. United States Stock Market Index - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

View data of the S&P 500, an index of the stocks of 500 leading companies in the US economy, which provides a gauge of the U.S. equity market.

Between March 4 and March 11, 2020, the S&P 500 index declined by ** percent, descending into a bear market. On March 12, 2020, the S&P 500 plunged *** percent, its steepest one-day fall since 1987. The index began to recover at the start of April and reached a peak in December 2021. As of December 29, 2024, the value of the S&P 500 stood at ******** points. Coronavirus sparks stock market chaos Stock markets plunged in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, with investors fearing its spread would destroy economic growth. Buoyed by figures that suggested cases were leveling off in China, investors were initially optimistic about the virus being contained. However, confidence in the market started to subside as the number of cases increased worldwide. Investors were deterred from buying stocks, and this was reflected in the markets – the values of the Dow Jones Industrial Average and the Nasdaq Composite also dived during the height of the crisis. What is a bear market? A bear market occurs when the value of a stock market suffers a prolonged decline of more than 20 percent over a period of at least 2 months. The COVID-19 pandemic caused severe concern and sent stock markets on a steep downward spiral. The S&P 500 achieved a record closing high of ***** on February 19, 2020. However, just over 3 weeks later, the market closed on *****, which represented a decline of around ** percent in only 16 sessions.

The value of the DJIA index amounted to ****** at the end of June 2025, up from ********* at the end of March 2020. Global panic about the coronavirus epidemic caused the drop in March 2020, which was the worst drop since the collapse of Lehman Brothers in 2008. Dow Jones Industrial Average index – additional information The Dow Jones Industrial Average index is a price-weighted average of 30 of the largest American publicly traded companies on New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ, and includes companies like Goldman Sachs, IBM and Walt Disney. This index is considered to be a barometer of the state of the American economy. DJIA index was created in 1986 by Charles Dow. Along with the NASDAQ 100 and S&P 500 indices, it is amongst the most well-known and used stock indexes in the world. The year that the 2018 financial crisis unfolded was one of the worst years of the Dow. It was also in 2008 that some of the largest ever recorded losses of the Dow Jones Index based on single-day points were registered. On September 29, 2008, for instance, the Dow had a loss of ****** points, one of the largest single-day losses of all times. The best years in the history of the index still are 1915, when the index value increased by ***** percent in one year, and 1933, year when the index registered a growth of ***** percent.

This analysis presents a rigorous exploration of financial data, incorporating a diverse range of statistical features. By providing a robust foundation, it facilitates advanced research and innovative modeling techniques within the field of finance.

Nifty 50: Climb or Crash?

Financial data:

• Historical daily stock prices (open, high, low, close, volume)

• Fundamental data (e.g., market capitalization, price to earnings P/E ratio, dividend yield, earnings per share EPS, price to earnings growth, debt-to-equity ratio, price-to-book ratio, current ratio, free cash flow, projected earnings growth, return on equity, dividend payout ratio, price to sales ratio, credit rating)

• Technical indicators (e.g., moving averages, RSI, MACD, average directional index, aroon oscillator, stochastic oscillator, on-balance volume, accumulation/distribution A/D line, parabolic SAR indicator, bollinger bands indicators, fibonacci, williams percent range, commodity channel index)

Machine learning features:

• Feature engineering based on financial data and technical indicators

• Sentiment analysis data from social media and news articles

• Macroeconomic data (e.g., GDP, unemployment rate, interest rates, consumer spending, building permits, consumer confidence, inflation, producer price index, money supply, home sales, retail sales, bond yields)

Potential Applications:

• Stock price prediction

• Portfolio optimization

• Algorithmic trading

• Market sentiment analysis

• Risk management

Use Cases:

• Researchers investigating the effectiveness of machine learning in stock market prediction

• Analysts developing quantitative trading Buy/Sell strategies

• Individuals interested in building their own stock market prediction models

• Students learning about machine learning and financial applications

Additional Notes:

• The dataset may include different levels of granularity (e.g., daily, hourly)

• Data cleaning and preprocessing are essential before model training

• Regular updates are recommended to maintain the accuracy and relevance of the data

The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) index dropped around ***** points in the four weeks from February 12 to March 11, 2020, but has since recovered and peaked at ********* points as of November 24, 2024. In February 2020 - just prior to the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the DJIA index stood at a little over ****** points. U.S. markets suffer as virus spreads The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a turbulent period for stock markets – the S&P 500 and Nasdaq Composite also recorded dramatic drops. At the start of February, some analysts remained optimistic that the outbreak would ease. However, the increased spread of the virus started to hit investor confidence, prompting a record plunge in the stock markets. The Dow dropped by more than ***** points in the week from February 21 to February 28, which was a fall of **** percent – its worst percentage loss in a week since October 2008. Stock markets offer valuable economic insights The Dow Jones Industrial Average is a stock market index that monitors the share prices of the 30 largest companies in the United States. By studying the performance of the listed companies, analysts can gauge the strength of the domestic economy. If investors are confident in a company’s future, they will buy its stocks. The uncertainty of the coronavirus sparked fears of an economic crisis, and many traders decided that investment during the pandemic was too risky.

Data used in the paper "The emergence of critical stocks in market crash".1.
The '2015bipartite.graphml' and '2015-1_fund_stock.graphml' contains the stock networks established by the mutual funds holding data on Jun 30, 2015. While the first file has the mutual funds holding values grouped by the labels of mutual fund companies, the second one uses mutual funds holding values directly. The original data of mutual funds holding are provided by Wind Information, which is not publicly available due to Wind’s license requirement.

1. The ‘stock_style.csv’ describes which kind of investment style a stock belongs to, which is also downloaded from Wind Information.

2. The series of files named as ‘first to low *.csv’ includes the stocks which reach their limit down prices. The timing of stocks reaching limit down prices are calculated from the intraday price data provided by Thomson Reuters’ Tick History. The information of whether a stock reached its limit down price is provides by Wind Information. The original price trends data is not publicly available due to the company’s license requirement.

Germany's main stock market index, the DE40, rose to 24297 points on July 23, 2025, gaining 1.06% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 2.77% and is up 32.14% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from Germany. Germany Stock Market Index (DE40) - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Brazil's main stock market index, the IBOVESPA, rose to 134167 points on July 21, 2025, gaining 0.59% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has declined 1.75%, though it remains 4.93% higher than a year ago, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from Brazil. Brazil Stock Market (BOVESPA) - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

While the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic caused all major stock market indices to fall sharply in March 2020, both the extent of the decline at this time, and the shape of the subsequent recovery, have varied greatly. For example, on March 15, 2020, major European markets and traditional stocks in the United States had shed around 40 percent of their value compared to January 5, 2020. However, Asian markets and the NASDAQ Composite Index only shed around 20 to 25 percent of their value. A similar story can be seen with the post-coronavirus recovery. As of November 14, 2021 the NASDAQ composite index value was around 65 percent higher than in January 2020, while most other markets were only between 20 and 40 percent higher.

Why did the NASDAQ recover the quickest?

Based in New York City, the NASDAQ is famously considered a proxy for the technology industry as many of the world’s largest technology industries choose to list there. And it just so happens that technology was the sector to perform the best during the coronavirus pandemic. Accordingly, many of the largest companies who benefitted the most from the pandemic such as Amazon, PayPal and Netflix, are listed on the NADSAQ, helping it to recover the fastest of the major stock exchanges worldwide.

Which markets suffered the most?

The energy sector was the worst hit by the global COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, oil companies share prices suffered large declines over 2020 as demand for oil plummeted while workers found themselves no longer needing to commute, and the tourism industry ground to a halt. In addition, overall share prices in two major stock exchanges – the London Stock Exchange (as represented by the FTSE 100 index) and Hong Kong (as represented by the Hang Seng index) – have notably recovered slower than other major exchanges. However, in both these, the underlying issue behind the slower recovery likely has more to do with political events unrelated to the coronavirus than it does with the pandemic – namely Brexit and general political unrest, respectively.

China's main stock market index, the SHANGHAI, rose to 3582 points on July 22, 2025, gaining 0.62% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 5.92% and is up 22.86% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from China. China Shanghai Composite Stock Market Index - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Printing is in the midst of a considerable and steady decline as digital products and services continue to displace printed materials. The two largest markets, advertising and publishing, have accelerated their online footprint, reducing printing demand. Recent years have witnessed a significant decline in newspaper and magazine subscriptions, exacerbating the challenges for printers. Even though printing technology has advanced, demand for traditional print has plummeted, leaving printers with excess capacity and intensifying price pressures. Shaky corporate profit, coupled with increased interest rates, has caused overall advertising expenditure to plummet. Other products, like retail catalogs and banking forms, have also experienced low demand because of the increased prevalence of e-commerce and online financial transactions. These trends and consumer habits have caused revenue to fall at a CAGR of 2.8% to an estimated $76.7 billion over the past five years, including an estimated 4.5% slump in 2025. Higher input costs and consumers’ shift to digital materials have also harmed profit for printing services. Rising paper prices, coupled with supply chain disruptions, have squeezed profit, compelling companies to seek local suppliers and explore alternative materials. The industry's players have turned to diversification, expanding into areas like web hosting and marketing services. Companies have increasingly moved into value-added creative and logistics services to offset declining print demand and provide a one-stop shop that strengthens customer relationships. Dropping demand and price pressures from excess capacity have forced printers to consolidate to maintain profit, with the number of establishments and employees declining in recent years. Greater proliferation of internal technology, such as artificial intelligence (AI), continues to impact printers’ internal workflows, boosting efficiency and lowering dependence on manual labor. Moving forward, printing services face a continuous decline fueled by consumer actions and digitization trends. Substitutes for commercially printed material, like online media, will continue to adversely affect demand. Strained profit in downstream newspaper and magazine markets may lead publishers to outsource more printing, presenting printers with short-term opportunities even as the declining publishing market remains a long-term threat. Over the next five years, revenue is expected to sink at a CAGR of 6.0% to an estimated $56.2 billion in 2030.

BCC Market Research Report for Fall Protection Equipment Industry. Fall Protection Market trends, with data from 2019-2020, estimates for 2021-2024, and projections of five-year CAGRs through 2025.

Check out Market Research Intellect's Self Bag Drop Systems Market Report, valued at USD 1.2 billion in 2024, with a projected growth to USD 3.5 billion by 2033 at a CAGR of 14.5% (2026-2033).

Crash Barrier End Terminal Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global crash barrier end terminal market size reached USD 1.18 billion in 2024, reflecting a robust industry driven by heightened safety awareness and infrastructure modernization. The market is projected to expand at a CAGR of 5.1% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated USD 1.83 billion by 2033. This growth is primarily fueled by increasing government regulations on road safety, rising investments in transportation infrastructure, and a surge in urbanization, all of which necessitate the installation of advanced crash barrier end terminals to minimize accident fatalities and vehicle damage.

One of the most significant growth factors for the crash barrier end terminal market is the global emphasis on road safety and the reduction of traffic-related fatalities. Governments across the world are implementing stringent safety regulations and policies that mandate the installation of crash barrier end terminals on highways, urban roads, and bridges. These measures are not just limited to developed economies but are also gaining traction in rapidly developing regions where infrastructure expansion is at its peak. The increasing number of vehicles on the road, coupled with a rise in high-speed travel, necessitates advanced safety solutions to protect both motorists and pedestrians. This regulatory push, combined with public awareness campaigns, is creating a sustained demand for modern crash barrier end terminals that meet or exceed international safety standards.

Another key driver propelling the growth of the crash barrier end terminal market is the ongoing wave of infrastructure development and modernization projects worldwide. Emerging economies in Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Africa are investing heavily in new highways, expressways, and urban transit corridors to support economic growth and urbanization. These large-scale construction projects require sophisticated crash barrier solutions to ensure the safety of road users. Additionally, developed regions such as North America and Europe are upgrading their aging infrastructure, replacing outdated safety systems with innovative, energy-absorbing crash barrier end terminals. The integration of smart technologies and advanced materials in these products further enhances their effectiveness, making them an indispensable component of modern roadway design.

Technological advancements and the increasing adoption of composite materials are also shaping the future of the crash barrier end terminal market. Manufacturers are focusing on developing products that offer superior energy absorption, durability, and ease of installation. The use of high-strength steel, reinforced concrete, and composite materials allows for crash barrier end terminals that can withstand severe impacts while minimizing maintenance requirements. Furthermore, the integration of digital monitoring and IoT-based solutions enables real-time assessment of barrier conditions, facilitating prompt maintenance and reducing the risk of failure during accidents. These innovations are not only enhancing safety but also reducing the total cost of ownership for infrastructure operators, thereby accelerating market adoption.

From a regional perspective, the Asia Pacific region is emerging as the fastest-growing market for crash barrier end terminals, driven by massive infrastructure investments in countries such as China, India, and Southeast Asian nations. North America and Europe remain mature markets, characterized by strict safety norms and high replacement rates for existing road safety infrastructure. Meanwhile, the Middle East & Africa and Latin America are witnessing steady growth, supported by urbanization and government initiatives to improve road safety. Each region presents unique opportunities and challenges, with varying degrees of regulatory enforcement, technological adoption, and investment levels shaping the market landscape.

Product Type Analysis

The crash barrier end ter

India's main stock market index, the SENSEX, rose to 82727 points on July 23, 2025, gaining 0.66% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 0.82% and is up 3.22% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from India. BSE SENSEX Stock Market Index - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

Hong Kong's main stock market index, the HK50, rose to 25528 points on July 23, 2025, gaining 1.58% from the previous session. Over the past month, the index has climbed 5.59% and is up 47.47% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks this benchmark index from Hong Kong. Hong Kong Stock Market Index (HK50) - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on July of 2025.

The global fall protection equipment market size was valued at USD 2.92 Billion in 2024. Looking forward, IMARC Group estimates the market to reach USD 5.16 Billion by 2033, exhibiting a CAGR of 6.22% during 2025-2033. North America dominated the market, holding a significant market share of over 36.9% in 2024. Strict safety regulations, widespread industrial activity, advanced construction practices, and high employer awareness regarding worker safety and legal compliance requirements contribute to the growing fall protection equipment market share.

Report Attribute	Key Statistics
Base Year	2024
Forecast Years	2025-2033
Historical Years	2019-2024
Market Size in 2024	USD 2.92 Billion
Market Forecast in 2033	USD 5.16 Billion
Market Growth Rate (2025-2033)	6.22%

IMARC Group provides an analysis of the key trends in each segment of the global fall protection equipment market, along with forecasts at the global, regional, and country levels from 2025-2033. The market has been categorized based on product type, and end-use industry.

The Fall Detection System Market is expected to witness steady growth between 2025 and 2035, driven by the rising elderly population and the increasing prevalence of age-related health conditions. The market is projected to reach USD 469.5 million in 2025 and expand to USD 856.8 million by 2035, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.2% over the forecast period.

Metric	Value
Industry Size (2025E)	USD 469.5 million
Industry Value (2035F)	USD 856.8 million
CAGR (2025 to 2035)	6.2%

Country wise Outlook

Country	CAGR (2025 to 2035)
USA	6.0%

Country	CAGR (2025 to 2035)
UK	6.1%

Country	CAGR (2025 to 2035)
European Union	6.4%

Country	CAGR (2025 to 2035)
Japan	6.3%

Country	CAGR (2025 to 2035)
South Korea	6.5%

Competitive Outlook

Company Name	Estimated Market Share (%)
Koninklijke Philips N.V.	20-25%
Connect America	15-20%
ADT Corporation	12-16%
Tunstall Healthcare Group Ltd.	8-12%
Medical Guardian LLC	6-10%
Other Companies (combined)	30-40%

The is the replication package for "Labor Market Conflict and the Decline of the Rust Belt" accepted in 2022 by the Journal of Political Economy.