Abstract

The Gallup Poll Social Series (GPSS) is a set of public opinion surveys designed to monitor U.S. adults' views on numerous social, economic, and political topics. The topics are arranged thematically across 12 surveys. Gallup administers these surveys during the same month every year and includes the survey's core trend questions in the same order each administration. Using this consistent standard allows for unprecedented analysis of changes in trend data that are not susceptible to question order bias and seasonal effects.

Introduced in 2001, the GPSS is the primary method Gallup uses to update several hundred long-term Gallup trend questions, some dating back to the 1930s. The series also includes many newer questions added to address contemporary issues as they emerge.

The dataset currently includes responses from up to and including 2025.

Methodology

Gallup conducts one GPSS survey per month, with each devoted to a different topic, as follows:

January: Mood of the Nation

February: World Affairs

March: Environment

April: Economy and Finance

May: Values and Beliefs

June: Minority Rights and Relations (discontinued after 2016)

July: Consumption Habits

August: Work and Education

September: Governance

October: Crime

November: Health

December: Lifestyle (conducted 2001-2008)

The core questions of the surveys differ each month, but several questions assessing the state of the nation are standard on all 12: presidential job approval, congressional job approval, satisfaction with the direction of the U.S., assessment of the U.S. job market, and an open-ended measurement of the nation's "most important problem." Additionally, Gallup includes extensive demographic questions on each survey, allowing for in-depth analysis of trends.

Interviews are conducted with U.S. adults aged 18 and older living in all 50 states and the District of Columbia using a dual-frame design, which includes both landline and cellphone numbers. Gallup samples landline and cellphone numbers using random-digit-dial methods. Gallup purchases samples for this study from Survey Sampling International (SSI). Gallup chooses landline respondents at random within each household based on which member had the next birthday. Each sample of national adults includes a minimum quota of 70% cellphone respondents and 30% landline respondents, with additional minimum quotas by time zone within region. Gallup conducts interviews in Spanish for respondents who are primarily Spanish-speaking.

Gallup interviews a minimum of 1,000 U.S. adults aged 18 and older for each GPSS survey. Samples for the June Minority Rights and Relations survey are significantly larger because Gallup includes oversamples of Blacks and Hispanics to allow for reliable estimates among these key subgroups.

Gallup weights samples to correct for unequal selection probability, nonresponse, and double coverage of landline and cellphone users in the two sampling frames. Gallup also weights its final samples to match the U.S. population according to gender, age, race, Hispanic ethnicity, education, region, population density, and phone status (cellphone only, landline only, both, and cellphone mostly).

Demographic weighting targets are based on the most recent Current Population Survey figures for the aged 18 and older U.S. population. Phone status targets are based on the most recent National Health Interview Survey. Population density targets are based on the most recent U.S. Census.

Usage

The year appended to each table name represents when the data was last updated. For example, January: Mood of the Nation - 2025** **has survey data collected up to and including 2025.

For more information about what survey questions were asked over time, see the Supporting Files.

Bulk Data Access

Data access is required to view this section.

Accompanying datasets to a survey conducted through 2020-2021, looking at the perceived provision and quality of training in research integrity by institutions within Australia. Included:

Raw data (anonymised) Report data - top-level pooling of data and crosstabulations with key demographic questions Career stage data - questions broken down by differing career stages Questionnaire - finalised questions used for data collection

To facilitate the users of the data, a sample copy of the filled in data sheet is attached herewith for easy reference and understanding. The codes given to the questions in the data sheet is marked aside the questionnaire for easy identification. This is the supplementary document of interview schedule questions for the data published titled "Survey Data on Farmers Awareness, Perception towards Futures Market" The Interview Schedule includes demographic, training, farming, cost and marketing details of farmers. In addition, it also includes the questions measuring the awareness, and perception of farmers towards futures markets and ends with the details on information sources used by the farmers for taking pricing decisions.

The Survey of Consumer Attitudes and Behavior series (also known as the Surveys of Consumers) was undertaken to measure changes in consumer attitudes and expectations, to understand why such changes occur, and to evaluate how they relate to consumer decisions to save, borrow, or make discretionary purchases. This type of information is essential for forecasting changes in aggregate consumer behavior. Since the 1940s, these surveys have been produced quarterly through 1977 and monthly thereafter. Each monthly survey probes a different aspect of consumer confidence. Open-ended questions are asked concerning evaluations and expectations about personal finances, employment, price changes, and the national business situation. Additional questions probe buying intentions for automobiles and the respondent's appraisals of present market conditions for purchasing houses, automobiles, and other durables. Demographic information includes ethnic origin, sex, age, and education.

Mean annual cost of care by socioeconomic status*. Indirect cost = replacement with minimum wage

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner. In 2016 the Centre for Time Use Research developed an online Click and Drag Diary Instrument (CaDDI), collecting population-representative (quota sample) time use diary data from Dynata’s large international market research panel across 9 countries. We fielded the same instrument using the UK panel across the COVID-19 pandemic: in May-June 2020 during the first lockdown; in late August 2020 following the relaxation of social restrictions; in November 2020 during the second lockdown; in January 2021 during the third lockdown; and in August/September 2021 after the lifting of restrictions.Each survey wave collected between 1-3 time use diaries per respondent, recording activities, location, co-presence, device use, and enjoyment across continuous 10-minute episodes throughout the diary day. The accompanying individual screening questionnaire included information on the standard socio-demographic variables, and a diary day questionnaire containing additional health and diary day related questions was added during wave 2. Overall, 6896 diaries were collected across the 6 waves, allowing analysis of behavioural change between a baseline (in 2016), three national lockdowns, and two intervening periods of the relaxation of social restrictions.The deposited data forms part of wider CTUR projects of ESRC-funded time use research - New Frontiers for Time Use Research, and Time Use Research for National Statistics. Information on time spent in the various activities of daily life provides a comprehensive and exhaustive basis for summarising the activities of a society, yet people in general do not know with any accuracy how much time they devote to their daily activities. For this reason, rather than asking a set of survey questions, such as "how much time did you spend last week in X activity", the time use diary instead asks people to record, in sequence, all their activities through the 24-hour day, with their start and end times. Further information both on these projects and the COVID-19 sequence data collection can be found on the CTUR website.Latest edition informationFor the fourth edition (May 2022), the data and documentation files were replaced with updated versions. Amendments include the replacement of questionnaires with final versions; changes to variable ordering in the questionnaires, dataset and codebook; and updated information on the GHQ questions. See the Summary of Changes document for further details.

The "http://commons.trincoll.edu/aris/surveys/nsri-1990/" Target="_blank">National Survey of Religious Identification relates to a random digit-dialed telephone survey of 113,000 American households in the continental U.S. (48 states). The data was collected over a 13-month period by ICR Survey Research Group of Media, PA as part of their omnibus market research (EXCEL) survey. The prime question on the file is: What is your religion? If the initial answer was Protestant, there was a further question as to which denomination. The respondent is a randomly chosen (last birthday) adult over 18 years. Nineteen other socio-demographic questions are attached to this. The NSRI makes a significant contribution by presenting a large sample size reflecting the true richness of the country's religious tapestry and the national coverage necessary to provide high quality statistics on what is actually happening around us.

Annual Household income per capita and population share by socioeconomic status*.

The dataset contains several components, including: 1. The survey instrument used to collect the data in .pdf file format (pdf file for the questionnaire) 2. The raw survey data in .csv file format (csv file for survey data): The survey data contains 251 variables with responses from 1002 respondents. In the survey design, all questions are mandatory, and therefore no missing values exist, except for instances where respondents chose to respond with “prefer not to say” (in some sensitive demographic questions) or “I don’t know” (in some questions related to their social networks). Non-applicable responses are coded as "NULL" and blank values. 3. The codebook for the raw survey data in .xlsx file format (xlsx file for survey data): The codebook explains each of the 251 variables included in the survey data file. The codebook lists how each survey question and response option is numerically coded in the raw data and can be used as a guide for navigating the survey dataset. 4. The product feature list data in .csv file format (csv file for product data): The product feature list data contains the product features of 624 vacuum cleaner products and each product has 32 variables/features. Missing values, where no online information is available, are coded as “NA,” while non-applicable values, such as runtime for corded vacuum cleaners or navigation path for non-robotic vacuum cleaners, are coded as blank values. 5. The codebook for the product features list data in .xlsx file format (xlsx file for product data): The accompanying codebook provides a detailed description of each feature and its data type, as well as the number of missing values for each product feature in the last column.

Regression analysis of indirect costs of care (GLM model with log link).

Annual indirect cost of care by socioeconomic status with different methods*.

The aim of LAMO (Labourmarket Monitoring) is the development, application and validation of a monitoring tool for the regular survey of the changes on the labour market in the course of the EU enlargement. Another goal is to complement the objective labour market data with information on the subjective willingness of people in the border regions to commute between home and work or to emigrate. Thereby, developments can assessed and this enables politics to react accordingly in time. The need for labour force in the regions is evaluated so that the whole labour market situation can be considered. The LAMO tools are expert interviews, household and enterprise interviews. The household interview questions are on the following topics:->socio-demographic questions, qualification and knowledge, occupational situation, salary expectations, flexibility concerning job and living, experiences with working abroad, experiences with commuting between home and work within the own country, willingness and reasons for working abroad or to emigrate, etc.

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The Opinions and Lifestyle Survey (OPN) is an omnibus survey that collects data on a range of subjects commissioned by both the ONS internally and external clients (limited to other government departments, charities, non-profit organisations and academia). Data are collected from one individual aged 16 or over, selected from each sampled private household. Personal data include data on the individual, their family, address, household, income and education, plus responses and opinions on a variety of subjects within commissioned modules. The questionnaire collects timely data for research and policy analysis evaluation on the social impacts of recent topics of national importance, such as the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the cost of living, on individuals and households in Great Britain. From April 2018 to November 2019, the design of the OPN changed from face-to-face to a mixed-mode design (online first with telephone interviewing where necessary). Mixed-mode collection allows respondents to complete the survey more flexibly and provides a more cost-effective service for customers. In March 2020, the OPN was adapted to become a weekly survey used to collect data on the social impacts of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the lives of people of Great Britain. These data are held in the Secure Access study, SN 8635, ONS Opinions and Lifestyle Survey, 2019-2023: Secure Access. Other Secure Access OPN data cover modules run at various points from 1997-2019, on Census religion (SN 8078), cervical cancer screening (SN 8080), contact after separation (SN 8089), contraception (SN 8095), disability (SNs 8680 and 8096), general lifestyle (SN 8092), illness and activity (SN 8094), and non-resident parental contact (SN 8093).From August 2021, as coronavirus (COVID-19) restrictions were lifting across Great Britain, the OPN moved to fortnightly data collection, sampling around 5,000 households in each survey wave to ensure the survey remains sustainable. The OPN has since expanded to include questions on other topics of national importance, such as health and the cost of living. For more information about the survey and its methodology, see the ONS OPN Quality and Methodology Information webpage. ONS Opinions and Lifestyle Survey, 2019-2023: Secure AccessThe aim of the COVID-19 Module within this study was to help understand the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on people, households and communities in Great Britain. It was a weekly survey initiated in March 2020, and since August 2021, as COVID-19 restrictions were lifted, the survey has moved to fortnightly data collection, sampling around 5,000 households in each survey wave. The study allows the breakdown of impacts by at-risk age, gender and underlying health condition. The samples are randomly selected from those that had previously completed other ONS surveys (e.g., Labour Market Survey, Annual Population Survey). From each household, one adult is randomly selected but with unequal probability: younger people are given a higher selection probability than older people because of under-estimation in the samples available for the survey.The study also includes data for the Internet Access Module from 2019 onwards. Data from this module for previous years are available as End User Licence studies within GN 33441. Also included are data from the Winter Lifestyle Survey for January and February 2023.Latest edition informationFor the eleventh edition (March 2024), data and documentation for the main OPN survey for waves DN (June 2023) to EB (December 2023) have been added. Data and documentation for the Winter Lifestyle Survey for January-February 2023 have also been added. Main Topics:Each month's questionnaire consists of two elements: core questions, covering demographic information, are asked each month together with non-core questions that vary from month to month.

Abstract

The Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2006 (ELMPS06) is the first full-fledged panel study of its scale in Egypt. This panel follows a nationally representative sample of 4,816 households visited in 1998, households that split from that sample, plus a refresher sample of 2,500 households. The total number of households reached in 2006 is 8,349. The ELMPS06 provides estimates of employment, unemployment and underemployment. The survey also collects information on job characteristics, mobility, and earnings. Collected data covers issues of household socio-economic characteristics, demographic characteristics, family enterprises and women’s status and work. A separate community level questionnaire has been administered to collect data on access to services and work opportunities in sampled localities. This report provides information on the different methodological issues related to the survey including sampling, questionnaire design, training of field staff, data collection, office review, and data entry.

Geographic coverage

The sample was designed to provide estimates of the indicators at the national level, for urban and rural areas, and for all regions.

Analysis unit

individuals, household

Universe

The survey covered a national sample of households and all individuals permanently residing in surveyed households.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The ELMPS06 sample consists of three types of households: 1. Households visited in 1998 2. Split households 3. A refresher sample of 2,500 households In this section we describe in details the sampling techniques for both the 1998 and 2006 samples. We also describe the attrition to the 1998 sample due to loss of some household identification data, which were kept by CAPMAS. The Selection Process of the 2006 New Sample This sample was selected from the CAPMAS 2005 Master Sample. This is a nationally representative two-stage self-weighted (to the extent possible) sample. Each governorate is allocated a number of PSUs in the master sample that is proportionate to its size and its urban/rural distribution. The master sample was prepared through a two-stage process. First, shiekha's and villages are selected by probability proportionate-to-size method from two different sampling frames (one urban and another rural). In the second stage, these selected primary sample units are divided into secondary sampling units of 700 households each. A total of 1200 sampling units are then randomly selected to constitute the final master sample of CAPMAS. The ELMPS06 2006 new sample was proportionately selected from the CAPMAS master sample. Primary sampling units were then randomly selected from the CAPMAS master sample. Then within each PSU (containing 700 households in the master sample) we randomly selected 25 households. The 5,000 households that constitute the initial survey sample in 1998 were selected from a CAPMAS master sample prepared in 1995. The master sample consists of 750,000 households in 500 primary sampling units (PSUs) each consisting of 1,500 households. The CAPMAS master sample was selected through a two-stage process. The country is first divided into two strata: urban and rural. Each stratum is in turn divided into sub-strata representing each governorate. All the villages (in the case of rural strata) or shiyakhas (urban quarter, in the case of urban strata) in each substratum were listed and assigned a weight based on their population. The first stage consisted of choosing the villages and shiyakhas that would be represented in the sample based on the principal of probability proportional to size. This meant that a shiyakha or a village is possibly selected more than once if its size warrants that. The selected shiyakhas and villages are then divided into PSUs of approximately 1500 housing units each; then one or more PSUs are selected from each shiyakha or village. The selected PSUs were then re-listed in 1995 to enumerate all the households selected. As shown in Table 6, the master sample contains 306 urban PSUs and 194 rural PSUs.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Questionnaire design was finalized by the ERF team prior to the conclusion of the agreement between CAPMAS and ERF. The household-level research instruments comprise of three interrelated questionnaires for each household. The household questionnaire collects data on the different demographic characteristics of household members, household assets and access to services. This questionnaire also includes a module that tracks individuals who were part of the 1998 sample. The questionnaire allows space for 20 individuals as members of the household and for 10 splits. The individual questionnaire includes modules on the education and work characteristics for individuals six years and up. The printed version allows space for only five individuals, but more than one individual questionnaire can be used for a household depending on its size. The third questionnaire in the household-level research instrument is the “Migration, Family Enterprises and Non-wage Income” questionnaire, which includes the modules on migration, remittances, non-work-related income sources, and non-agricultural household enterprises. Additions and changes to the 1998 Questionnaire New sections were added to the 1998 questionnaires and a number of questions were deleted because they did not produce useful results after the analysis. The following are the major changes to the 1998 questionnaire: 1. The panel design mandated a number of changes, including the addition of a new section, Section 0.2, which gathered information on the basic characteristics of members who lived in household in1998 but no longer live in household in 2006 and their new addresses to track them. The cover page also included a question regarding the type of the household (whether it is originally visited in 1998, is a split household, or from the new sample). Section 0.1, the household roster, also included an additional question (0105), which inquires about the individual’s person number (pn) in the 1998 data set. Data collectors were able to get this information from the data sheets that were printed for each household containing basic demographic characteristics and a summary of her/his work and education characteristics. 2. Questions about land ownership and cultivation were added in section 0.3. Although they do not quite fit under housing and services, this was the best place to include them. Instructions during training were to write zero if no land was owned or rented by household. 3. The section on durable goods, section 0.4, now includes questions on whether the item was bought at the time of marriage and whether an item is bought to be used by a household member after she/he marries. 4. A short section on siblings (section 1.3) was added, which refers to total number of siblings, and whether or not they reside in the same household. 5. The section on education is expanded significantly. It now includes questions about the characteristics of secondary, preparatory, and primary schools, where relevant. Questions about repetitions and interruptions of schooling are included in order to gain better understanding of the number of years of schooling as opposed to grade level achieved and age of exit/completion. The section also allows one to assign a unique code for each school attended by the individual. These unique codes were received from the Ministry of Education and allow for analysis on school characteristics based on further data from the Ministry. 6. The migration section was moved earlier in the questionnaire so that it applies to all individuals whether they worked or not. In 1998, this section only applied to those who had previously worked. The section now applies to all those aged 15 and above. It also includes a new question about place of birth. 7. In the sections on work characteristics, we no longer have a reference week and a reference three months. We used instead the past seven days (counting back from day of first interview with individual) and the past three months. 8. In the unemployment section (Section 4.2), we added questions about the use of a landline or cell phones in job search activities. We also separated the question on registering with a government agency from the job search question. Now all the activities listed under job search are limited to the past three months reference period. 9. We separated the questions on subsistence and domestic work in a new section. These questions now apply to all children aged 6-17 and all women aged18-64, irrespective of employment status. The questions on domestic work are now much more detailed than before and ask about time spent on various domestic chores during the past 7 days. If the same amount of time is spent everyday, then interviewers were instructed to multiply the daily times by seven. However, this is designed to allow for variations in schedules every day. One of the reasons this section now applies to the past week rather than a reference week was that that it might be difficult to get an accurate estimate due to recall problems. Only the last question of the section allows for the activity to be done concurrently with other activities (child care). Otherwise, interviewers were instructed that they are enquiring about the time spent exclusively on the activity in question. 10. Questions about the “first job” were added into the section detecting employment in the forgoing three months. As in the job mobility section, to qualify as a job, the individual must have spent at least 6 months at the job. Thus, a job during summer

The collected data represent responses from fourteen (14) participants to an online questionnaire, whose responses facilitated the production of a research paper: “Identifying, discovering and marketing grey literature in Science in the English-speaking Caribbean: A Case Study of Jamaica’s Scientific Information Units” published in IFLA Library in October 2019. The participants were the total population of the 21 active former members of the Scientific and Technical Information Network (STIN), after it was ascertained via telephone calls that 5 of the 28 units listed in the available Directory were defunct, and that 2 had no librarians. STIN is now incorporated along with other broad subject networks such as the Social & Economic Information Network (SECIN) into a single entity called Government Libraries Information Network & Associates. The dataset comprises answers to twenty-one (21) questions of which 17 allowed for single responses; 2 multiple responses which solicited additional responses; and 2 open ended responses. Of the total single response questions, 10 solicited additional responses. Question 7 is a unique single response question which facilitates the checking of the box of “Other” and/ or supplying additional Information. The survey consisted of 4 main sections: demographics and awareness [comprising 9 questions]; challenges and strategies with organization [comprising 6 questions]; and the advocacy and marketing of grey literature [comprising 5 questions]; and a single free range question requiring the respondents to give their personal experiences in identifying, discovering and marketing grey literature. The data was collected from May 2019 to June 2019 via survey monkey, where it remains stored along with a copy housed in the DANS Easy Archive. Its creative commons status facilitates its reuse and there is potential for comparison with similar subjects.

Abstract

The Integrated Household Survey is one of the primary instruments implemented by the Government of Malawi through the National Statistical Office (NSO) roughly every 3-5 years to monitor and evaluate the changing conditions of Malawian households. The IHS data have, among other insights, provided benchmark poverty and vulnerability indicators to foster evidence-based policy formulation and monitor the progress of meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the goals listed as part of the Malawi Growth and Development Strategy (MGDS) and now the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

• Households
• Individuals
• Consumption expenditure commodities/items
• Communities
• Agricultural household/ Holder/ Crop
• Market

Universe

Members of the following households are not eligible for inclusion in the survey: • All people who live outside the selected EAs, whether in urban or rural areas. • All residents of dwellings other than private dwellings, such as prisons, hospitals and army barracks. • Members of the Malawian armed forces who reside within a military base. (If such individuals reside in private dwellings off the base, however, they should be included among the households eligible for random selection for the survey.) • Non-Malawian diplomats, diplomatic staff, and members of their households. (However, note that non-Malawian residents who are not diplomats or diplomatic staff and are resident in private dwellings are eligible for inclusion in the survey. The survey is not restricted to Malawian citizens alone.) • Non-Malawian tourists and others on vacation in Malawi.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The IHS5 sampling frame is based on the listing information and cartography from the 2018 Malawi Population and Housing Census (PHC); includes the three major regions of Malawi, namely North, Center and South; and is stratified into rural and urban strata. The urban strata include the four major urban areas: Lilongwe City, Blantyre City, Mzuzu City, and the Municipality of Zomba. All other areas are considered as rural areas, and each of the 27 districts were considered as a separate sub-stratum as part of the main rural stratum. The sampling frame further excludes the population living in institutions, such as hospitals, prisons and military barracks. Hence, the IHS5 strata are composed of 32 districts in Malawi.

A stratified two-stage sample design was used for the IHS5.

Note: Detailed sample design information is presented in the "Fifth Integrated Household Survey 2019-2020, Basic Information Document" document.

Mode of data collection

Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument

HOUSEHOLD QUESTIONNAIRE The Household Questionnaire is a multi-topic survey instrument and is near-identical to the content and organization of the IHS3 and IHS4 questionnaires. It encompasses economic activities, demographics, welfare and other sectoral information of households. It covers a wide range of topics, dealing with the dynamics of poverty (consumption, cash and non-cash income, savings, assets, food security, health and education, vulnerability and social protection). Although the IHS5 household questionnaire covers a wide variety of topics in detail it intentionally excludes in-depth information on topics covered in other surveys that are part of the NSO’s statistical plan (such as maternal and child health issues covered at length in the Malawi Demographic and Health Survey).

AGRICULTURE QUESTIONNAIRE All IHS5 households that are identified as being involved in agricultural or livestock activities were administered the agriculture questionnaire, which is primarily modelled after the IHS3 counterpart. The modules are expanding on the agricultural content of the IHS4, IHS3, IHS2, AISS, and other regional agricultural surveys, while remaining consistent with the NACAL topical coverage and methodology. The development of the agriculture questionnaire was done with input from the aforementioned stakeholders who provided input on the household questionnaire as well as outside researchers involved in research and policy discussions pertaining to the Malawian agriculture. The agriculture questionnaire allows, among other things, for extensive agricultural productivity analysis through the diligent estimation of land areas, both owned and cultivated, labor and non-labor input use and expenditures, and production figures for main crops, and livestock. Although one of the major foci of the agriculture data collection effort was to produce smallholder production estimates for major crops, it is also possible to disaggregate the data by gender and main geographical regions. The IHS5 cross-sectional households supply information on the last completed rainy season (2017/2018 or 2018/2019) and the last completed dry season (2018 or 2019) depending on the timing of their interview.

FISHERIES QUESTIONNAIRE The design of the IHS5 fishery questionnaire is identical to the questionnaire designed for IHS3. The IHS3 fisheries questionnaire was informed by the design and piloting of a fishery questionnaire by the World Fish Center (WFC), which was supported by the LSMS-ISA project for the purpose of assembling a fishery questionnaire that could be integrated into multi-topic household-surveys. The WFC piloted the draft instrument in November 2009 in the Lower Shire region, and the NSO team considered the revised draft in designing the IHS5 fishery questionnaire.

COMMUNITY QUESTIONNAIRE The content of the IHS5 Community Questionnaire follows the content of the IHS3 & IHS4 Community Questionnaires. A “community” is defined as the village or urban location surrounding the enumeration area selected for inclusion in the sample and which most residents recognize as being their community. The IHS5 community questionnaire was administered to each community associated with the cross-sectional EAs interviewed. Identical to the IHS3 and IHS4 approach, to a group of several knowledgeable residents such as the village headman, the headmaster of the local school, the agricultural field assistant, religious leaders, local merchants, health workers and long-term knowledgeable residents. The instrument gathers information on a range of community characteristics, including religious and ethnic background, physical infrastructure, access to public services, economic activities, communal resource management, organization and governance, investment projects, and local retail price information for essential goods and services.

MARKET QUESTIONNAIRE The Market Survey consisted of one questionnaire which is composed of four modules. Module A: Market Identification, Module B: Seasonal Main Crops, Module C: Permanents Crops, and Module D: Food Consumption.

Cleaning operations

DATA ENTRY PLATFORM To ensure data quality and timely availability of data, the IHS5 was implemented using the World Bank’s Survey Solutions CAPI software. To carry out IHS5, 1 laptop computer and a wireless internet router were assigned to each team supervisor, and each enumerator had an 8–inch GPS-enabled Lenovo tablet computer. The use of Survey Solutions allowed for the real-time availability of data as the completed data was completed, approved by the Supervisor and synced to the Headquarters server as frequently as possible. While administering the first module of the questionnaire the enumerator(s) also used their tablets to record the GPS coordinates of the dwelling units. In Survey Solutions, Headquarters can then see the location of the dwellings plotted on a map of Malawi to better enable supervision from afar – checking both the number of interviews performed and the fact that the sample households lie within EA boundaries. Geo-referenced household locations from that tablet complemented the GPS measurements taken by the Garmin eTrex 30 handheld devices and these were linked with publically available geospatial databases to enable the inclusion of a number of geospatial variables - extensive measures of distance (i.e. distance to the nearest market), climatology, soil and terrain, and other environmental factors - in the analysis.

The range and consistency checks built into the application was informed by the LSMS-ISA experience in previous IHS waves. Prior programming of the data entry application allowed for a wide variety of range and consistency checks to be conducted and reported and potential issues investigated and corrected before closing the assigned enumeration area. Headquarters (NSO management) assigned work to supervisors based on their regions of coverage. Supervisors then made assignments to the enumerators linked to their Supervisor account. The work assignments and syncing of completed interviews took place through a Wi-Fi connection to the IHS5 server. Because the data was available in real time it was monitored closely throughout the entire data collection period and upon receipt of the data at headquarters, data was exported to STATA for other consistency checks, data cleaning, and analysis.

DATA MANAGEMENT The IHS5 Survey Solutions CAPI based data entry application was designed to stream-line the data collection process from the field. IHS5 Interviews were collected in “sample” mode (assignments generated from headquarters) as opposed to “census” mode (new interviews created by interviewers from a template) for the NSO to have more control over the sample.

The range and consistency checks built into the application was informed by the LSMS-ISA experience in previous IHS waves. Prior programming of the data

Determinants of the total cost. Regression analysis of total annual costs of care (GLM model with log link).

Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients and caregivers*.

Survey objectives:\r

The Enviro Pulse Survey provides regular, high level environmental social indicators to several divisions within NSW Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water (DCCEEW) in support of the NSW Climate Change Fund Policy Framework and the NSW Climate Change Adaptation Strategy.\r \r The Enviro Pulse Survey questionnaire was developed in 2020, in collaboration with policy and program teams at the Department, and with support from James Cook University. This work was underpinned by a modified Drivers-Pressures-State-Impacts-Responses (DPSIR) framework. The survey has been enhanced over time by the DCCEEW Social Science team to support new strategic needs and address knowledge gaps. The survey data is used to inform and support environmental policy, research, programs and evaluations at DCCEEW. It helps to reduce the need for expensive ad hoc research consulting and effort duplication.\r \r The survey is administered to a representative sample of NSW population four times a year, to understand trends, and measure variance across space and between social groups. \r \r It aims to provide ongoing information to DCCEEW on: \r \r * NSW residents' access to environmental assets and resources; \r * Environmental vulnerability and resilience; \r * Community values, and support for policy decisions; \r * Environmental motivations and behaviours.\r \r \r

Survey methodology:\r

\r The Enviro Pulse survey is administered quarterly, and is issued as a 20 minute online questionnaire to a total of n=1,000 residents of NSW aged 18 and over. The first survey was conducted in December 2020.\r \r The questionnaire is modular in structure: - Key indicators are measured every three months. - Remainder of the survey topics (e.g. connection to place, concern for environment, energy use and motivations) are alternating every other survey wave, i.e. data for each such thematic module is collected every six months.\r \r The study tracks trends over time and most of the questions have remained the same throughout the survey program. Minor amendments have occasionally been made to the questionnaire, and new questions have been added to support emerging strategic needs.\r \r The survey was built and is hosted using the Qualtrics survey platform. A number of data quality checks are conducted at launch of each survey pulse, and on delivery of the final data of each wave. \r \r Qualtrics is responsible for sourcing participants from several market research panel providers. Quotas have been set by key demographics to ensure a representative sample. The final results are weighted by age group, gender, regional proportions, and Aboriginal status for NSW population. It is acknowledged that some groups may be underrepresented in the final sample - such as residents with limited English skills, residents with low or no formal education, etc. \r \r \r

Data accuracy, reporting:\r

\r Results are reported on an aggregated level in order to protect the privacy and anonymity of individual respondents, to meet social research industry standards, and to ensure the robustness of the results.\r \r At the aggregate NSW level, the survey has high levels of accuracy, due to the large sample size (i.e. approximately 1,000 responses per wave). Typically, at the 95% confidence level, the margin of error on the reported survey results is approximately +/- 3% points or less. This means that the difference between two reported results may have to be at least 6% points for the gap to be considered statistically significant. Statistically significant changes over time have been highlighted in the attached survey results, where applicable. \r \r External events - such as Covid-19 pandemic related public health orders, extreme weather events in NSW - so far have not impacted the ability to gather sample for the study. However, as this is a social research dataset, it is expected that such external events have an impact on the environmental attitudes and behaviours that the survey has been designed to collect information on, and may explain some of the variance in the results over time. \r \r ...\r \r

Feedback and questions: SocialResearch@environment.nsw.gov.au

Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.The Opinions and Lifestyle Survey (formerly known as the ONS Opinions Survey or Omnibus) is an omnibus survey that began in 1990, collecting data on a range of subjects commissioned by both the ONS internally and external clients (limited to other government departments, charities, non-profit organisations and academia).Data are collected from one individual aged 16 or over, selected from each sampled private household. Personal data include data on the individual, their family, address, household, income and education, plus responses and opinions on a variety of subjects within commissioned modules. The questionnaire collects timely data for research and policy analysis evaluation on the social impacts of recent topics of national importance, such as the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and the cost of living, on individuals and households in Great Britain. From April 2018 to November 2019, the design of the OPN changed from face-to-face to a mixed-mode design (online first with telephone interviewing where necessary). Mixed-mode collection allows respondents to complete the survey more flexibly and provides a more cost-effective service for customers. In March 2020, the OPN was adapted to become a weekly survey used to collect data on the social impacts of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the lives of people of Great Britain. These data are held in the Secure Access study, SN 8635, ONS Opinions and Lifestyle Survey, Covid-19 Module, 2020-2022: Secure Access. From August 2021, as coronavirus (COVID-19) restrictions were lifting across Great Britain, the OPN moved to fortnightly data collection, sampling around 5,000 households in each survey wave to ensure the survey remains sustainable. The OPN has since expanded to include questions on other topics of national importance, such as health and the cost of living. For more information about the survey and its methodology, see the ONS OPN Quality and Methodology Information webpage.Secure Access Opinions and Lifestyle Survey dataOther Secure Access OPN data cover modules run at various points from 1997-2019, on Census religion (SN 8078), cervical cancer screening (SN 8080), contact after separation (SN 8089), contraception (SN 8095), disability (SNs 8680 and 8096), general lifestyle (SN 8092), illness and activity (SN 8094), and non-resident parental contact (SN 8093). See Opinions and Lifestyle Survey: Secure Access for details. Main Topics:Each month's questionnaire consists of two elements: core questions, covering demographic information, are asked each month together with non-core questions that vary from month to month. The non-core questions for this month were: Mortgage Arrears (Module 2): source of mortgage, if any, and whether behind in payments, and if so reasons for falling behind. Also question on whether bought from a Right to Buy scheme. Condom Use (Module 6): awareness of publicity about AIDS; use of condoms amongst the sexually active and its relation to publicity about HIV and AIDS. Investment Income (Module 7a): ownership of shares and income from shares, bank accounts and building society accounts. Overseas Transactions (Module 58): financial transactions (receipts or payments) made as a private individual in the past 12 months; value in pound sterling; currency of transaction; reasons for transaction. Head of Household Information (Module 70): occupation and supervisory status of head of household. Housing (Module 82): respondents were asked about their housing; whether bought under a Right to Buy scheme; type of accommodation; whether paid charges for services and satisfaction with services; whether has tried to sell home; how long ago, length of time on the market and if still on the market; reasons for not being able to sell/move; details of any structural problems; reasons why home is not on the market. Quality of Life (Module 83): questions on respondent's quality of life - which aspects of their life are important to them e.g. family relationships, work, health, financial security, the environment, social life, religion, education, and how happy they are with these areas. Also questions of health - longstanding illnesses or disabilities which limit their activities. Multi-stage stratified random sample Face-to-face interview