Price swings of Bitcoin increased substantially in November 2022, recording a 10-day volatility of more than *** percent. Measured in a metric called volatility, the percentage shown here reflect how much the price of BTC in U.S. dollars changed historically over a preceding 7-day window. Changes can be either up or down, with a higher volatility reflecting that an asset is more risky, as price movements are less easy to predict and can swing in any direction. The volatility metric referred to here is called "realized volatility", otherwise known as "historic volatility" and describes these price swings over a given period of time - and consequently is not looking into the future. Despite the rise of several cryptocurrencies since 2021, Bitcoin still had the highest market share ("dominance") of all cryptocurrencies in 2022.

The CAPIVIX Index gives crypto traders something traditional markets have long relied on - a clear measure of expected market volatility. Think of it as the VIX for Bitcoin and Ethereum, showing what the market anticipates for price swings over the next 30 days.

This crypto volatility index tracks market sentiment for BTC/USD and ETH/USD pairs by analyzing options data from major derivatives exchanges. When CAPIVIX rises, it signals increased uncertainty and potential turbulence ahead. When it falls, markets are expecting calmer conditions.

What makes CAPIVIX valuable is its methodology - we've adapted the widely-trusted VIX calculation approach to work specifically with cryptocurrency options. This gives you a standardized way to gauge market anxiety or confidence across different market conditions.

The index updates continuously throughout trading hours, incorporating real-time options pricing to reflect the market's evolving risk perception. For traders and investors looking to understand market sentiment beyond price movements alone, CAPIVIX provides that crucial additional dimension of market intelligence.

➡️ Why choose us?

📊 Market Coverage & Data Types: ◦ Real-time and historical data since 2010 (for chosen assets) ◦ Full order book depth (L2/L3) ◦ Trade-by-trade data ◦ OHLCV across multiple timeframes ◦ Market indexes (VWAP, PRIMKT) ◦ Exchange rates with fiat pairs ◦ Spot, futures, options, and perpetual contracts ◦ Coverage of 90%+ global trading volume ◦ Bitcoin Price Data

🔧 Technical Excellence: ◦ 99% uptime guarantee ◦ Multiple delivery methods: REST, WebSocket, FIX, S3 ◦ Standardized data format across exchanges ◦ Ultra-low latency data streaming ◦ Detailed documentation ◦ Custom integration assistance

Whether you're hedging positions, timing entries and exits, or just wanting to better understand market psychology, our Bitcoin and Ethereum volatility data offers valuable insights into what the market collectively expects in the weeks ahead.

It is estimated that the cumulative market cap of cryptocurrencies increased in early 2023 after the downfall in November 2022 due to FTX. That value declined in the summer of 2023, however, as international uncertainty grew over a potential recession. Bitcoin's market cap comprised the majority of the overall market capitalization. What is market cap? Market capitalization is a financial measure typically used for publicly traded firms, computed by multiplying the share price by the number of outstanding shares. However, cryptocurrency analysts calculate it as the price of the virtual currencies times the number of coins in the market. This gives cryptocurrency investors an idea of the overall market size, and watching the evolution of the measure tells how much money is flowing in or out of each cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency as an investment The price of Bitcoin has been erratic, and most other cryptocurrencies follow its larger price swings. This volatility attracts investors who hope to buy when the price is low and sell at its peak, turning a profit. However, this does little for price stability. As such, few firms accept payment in cryptocurrencies. As of June 25, 2025, the cumulative market cap of cryptocurrencies reached a value of ******.

In March 2024 Bitcoin BTC reached a new all-time high with prices exceeding 73000 USD marking a milestone for the cryptocurrency market This surge was due to the approval of Bitcoin exchange-traded funds ETFs in the United States allowing investors to access Bitcoin without directly holding it This development increased Bitcoin’s credibility and brought fresh demand from institutional investors echoing previous price surges in 2021 when Tesla announced its 15 billion investment in Bitcoin and Coinbase was listed on the Nasdaq By the end of 2022 Bitcoin prices dropped sharply to 15000 USD following the collapse of cryptocurrency exchange FTX and its bankruptcy which caused a loss of confidence in the market By August 2024 Bitcoin rebounded to approximately 64178 USD but remained volatile due to inflation and interest rate hikes Unlike fiat currency like the US dollar Bitcoin’s supply is finite with 21 million coins as its maximum supply By September 2024 over 92 percent of Bitcoin had been mined Bitcoin’s value is tied to its scarcity and its mining process is regulated through halving events which cut the reward for mining every four years making it harder and more energy-intensive to mine The next halving event in 2024 will reduce the reward to 3125 BTC from its current 625 BTC The final Bitcoin is expected to be mined around 2140 The energy required to mine Bitcoin has led to criticisms about its environmental impact with estimates in 2021 suggesting that one Bitcoin transaction used as much energy as Argentina Bitcoin’s future price is difficult to predict due to the influence of large holders known as whales who own about 92 percent of all Bitcoin These whales can cause dramatic market swings by making large trades and many retail investors still dominate the market While institutional interest has grown it remains a small fraction compared to retail Bitcoin is vulnerable to external factors like regulatory changes and economic crises leading some to believe it is in a speculative bubble However others argue that Bitcoin is still in its early stages of adoption and will grow further as more institutions and governments recognize its potential as a hedge against inflation and a store of value 2024 has also seen the rise of Bitcoin Layer 2 technologies like the Lightning Network which improve scalability by enabling faster and cheaper transactions These innovations are crucial for Bitcoin’s wider adoption especially for day-to-day use and cross-border remittances At the same time central bank digital currencies CBDCs are gaining traction as several governments including China and the European Union have accelerated the development of their own state-controlled digital currencies while Bitcoin remains decentralized offering financial sovereignty for those who prefer independence from government control The rise of CBDCs is expected to increase interest in Bitcoin as a hedge against these centralized currencies Bitcoin’s journey in 2024 highlights its growing institutional acceptance alongside its inherent market volatility While the approval of Bitcoin ETFs has significantly boosted interest the market remains sensitive to events like exchange collapses and regulatory decisions With the limited supply of Bitcoin and improvements in its transaction efficiency it is expected to remain a key player in the financial world for years to come Whether Bitcoin is currently in a speculative bubble or on a sustainable path to greater adoption will ultimately be revealed over time.

Description

This dataset, titled "Cryptocurrency Market Sentiment & Prediction," is a synthetic collection of real-time crypto market data designed for advanced analysis and predictive modeling. It captures a comprehensive range of features including price movements, social sentiment, news impact, and trading patterns for 10 major cryptocurrencies. Tailored for data scientists and analysts, this dataset is ideal for exploring market volatility, sentiment analysis, and price prediction, particularly in the context of significant events like the Bitcoin halving in 2024 and increasing institutional adoption.

Key Features Overview: - Price Movements: Tracks current prices and 24-hour price change percentages to reflect market dynamics. - Social Sentiment: Measures sentiment scores from social media platforms, ranging from -1 (negative) to 1 (positive), to gauge public perception. - News Sentiment and Impact: Evaluates sentiment from news sources and quantifies their potential impact on market behavior. - Trading Patterns: Includes data on 24-hour trading volumes and market capitalization, crucial for understanding market activity. - Technical Indicators: Features metrics like the Relative Strength Index (RSI), volatility index, and fear/greed index for in-depth technical analysis. - Prediction Confidence: Provides a confidence score for predictive models, aiding in assessing forecast reliability.

Purpose and Applications: - Perfect for machine learning tasks such as price prediction, sentiment-price correlation studies, and volatility classification. - Supports time series analysis for forecasting price movements and identifying volatility clusters. - Valuable for research into the influence of social media and news on cryptocurrency markets, especially during high-impact events.

Dataset Scope: - Covers a simulated 30-day period, offering a snapshot of market behavior under varying conditions. - Focuses on major cryptocurrencies including Bitcoin, Ethereum, Cardano, Solana, and others, ensuring relevance to current market trends.

Dataset Structure Table:

Dataset Statistics Table:

This dataset is a powerful resource for machine learning projects, sentiment analysis, and crypto market research, providing a robust foundation for AI/ML model development and testing.

This analysis presents a rigorous exploration of financial data, incorporating a diverse range of statistical features. By providing a robust foundation, it facilitates advanced research and innovative modeling techniques within the field of finance.

Bitcoin Volatility: A Leading Indicator of Stock Volatility?

Financial data:

• Historical daily stock prices (open, high, low, close, volume)

• Fundamental data (e.g., market capitalization, price to earnings P/E ratio, dividend yield, earnings per share EPS, price to earnings growth, debt-to-equity ratio, price-to-book ratio, current ratio, free cash flow, projected earnings growth, return on equity, dividend payout ratio, price to sales ratio, credit rating)

• Technical indicators (e.g., moving averages, RSI, MACD, average directional index, aroon oscillator, stochastic oscillator, on-balance volume, accumulation/distribution A/D line, parabolic SAR indicator, bollinger bands indicators, fibonacci, williams percent range, commodity channel index)

Machine learning features:

• Feature engineering based on financial data and technical indicators

• Sentiment analysis data from social media and news articles

• Macroeconomic data (e.g., GDP, unemployment rate, interest rates, consumer spending, building permits, consumer confidence, inflation, producer price index, money supply, home sales, retail sales, bond yields)

Potential Applications:

• Stock price prediction

• Portfolio optimization

• Algorithmic trading

• Market sentiment analysis

• Risk management

Use Cases:

• Researchers investigating the effectiveness of machine learning in stock market prediction

• Analysts developing quantitative trading Buy/Sell strategies

• Individuals interested in building their own stock market prediction models

• Students learning about machine learning and financial applications

Additional Notes:

• The dataset may include different levels of granularity (e.g., daily, hourly)

• Data cleaning and preprocessing are essential before model training

• Regular updates are recommended to maintain the accuracy and relevance of the data

Our extensive historical database captures every significant market movement, from the earliest Bitcoin trades through today's crypto ecosystem, across 350+ global exchanges.

This rich historical dataset serves multiple critical functions: from enabling sophisticated strategy backtesting and long-term trend analysis to supporting academic research and trading pattern identification. Whether analyzing market volatility, studying price correlations, or conducting deep market research, our historical data provides the reliable foundation needed for meaningful cryptocurrency market analysis.

Why work with us?

Market Coverage & Data Types: - Real-time and historical data since 2010 (for chosen assets) - Full order book depth (L2/L3) - Tick-by-tick data - OHLCV across multiple timeframes - Market indexes (VWAP, PRIMKT) - Exchange rates with fiat pairs - Spot, futures, options, and perpetual contracts - Coverage of 90%+ global trading volume - Full Cryptocurrency Investor Data

Technical Excellence: - 99,9% uptime guarantee - Multiple delivery methods: REST, WebSocket, FIX, S3 - Standardized data format across exchanges - Ultra-low latency data streaming - Detailed documentation - Custom integration assistance

CoinAPI serves hundreds of institutions worldwide, from trading firms and hedge funds to research organizations and technology providers. Our commitment to data quality and technical excellence makes us the trusted choice for cryptocurrency market data needs.

On-Chain Metrics.xlsx contains a description of the on-chain metrics. Merged_df.xlsx is the main data source containing the BTC prices, the on-chain metrics and the sentiment scores. btc_twets_new.csv and training.1600000.processed.noemoticon.csv are the data sources for calculating the sentiment scores. Sentiment_Analysis.py contains the code to calculate the sentiment scores. The scores are in Merged_df.xlsx BTC_Prediction.py contains the implementation of the main approach described in the paper, especially in Fig. 11.

The Bitcoin (BTC) price again reached an all-time high in 2025, as values exceeded over 117,482.47 USD on July 22, 2025. Price hikes in early 2025 were connected to the approval of Bitcoin ETFs in the United States, while previous hikes in 2021 were due to events involving Tesla and Coinbase, respectively. Tesla's announcement in March 2021 that it had acquired 1.5 billion U.S. dollars' worth of the digital coin, for example, as well as the IPO of the U.S.'s biggest crypto exchange, fueled mass interest. The market was noticeably different by the end of 2022, however, after another crypto exchange, FTX, filed for bankruptcy.Is the world running out of Bitcoin?Unlike fiat currency like the U.S. dollar - as the Federal Reserve can simply decide to print more banknotes - Bitcoin's supply is finite: BTC has a maximum supply embedded in its design, of which roughly 89 percent had been reached in April 2021. It is believed that Bitcoin will run out by 2040, despite more powerful mining equipment. This is because mining becomes exponentially more difficult and power-hungry every four years, a part of Bitcoin's original design. Because of this, a Bitcoin mining transaction could equal the energy consumption of a small country in 2021.Bitcoin's price outlook: a potential bubble?Cryptocurrencies have few metrics available that allow for forecasting, if only because it is rumored that only a few cryptocurrency holders own a large portion of the available supply. These large holders - referred to as 'whales'-are' said to make up two percent of anonymous ownership accounts, while owning roughly 92 percent of BTC. On top of this, most people who use cryptocurrency-related services worldwide are retail clients rather than institutional investors. This means outlooks on whether Bitcoin prices will fall or grow are difficult to measure, as movements from one large whale are already having a significant impact on this market.

Figshare Dataset DescriptionTitle: The Economic Bomb Dataset: Bitcoin Volatility, Institutional Shorting, and ETF Outflows (2021–2024)Description:This dataset supports the research presented in The Economic Bomb: A Strategic Financial Warfare Tactic, which examines Bitcoin's volatility, institutional shorting, and the impact of ETF outflows on market behavior. Covering the period from January 2021 to December 2024, the dataset includes raw financial data, processed analytical outputs, and visualizations that illustrate volatility patterns, delayed market reactions, and potential price manipulation.The dataset is divided into the following components:Raw Data: Daily BTC price movements, ETF holdings and outflows, whale wallet transactions, and institutional shorting positions from Binance, Coinbase, Glassnode, and other sources.Processed Data: Calculated BTC returns, volatility measures, and sentiment scores from social media platforms such as Twitter, Reddit, Google News, and YouTube.Simulations: Monte Carlo simulations, Decker Sentiment-Short Interest Model (DSSIM), GARCH model forecasts, and VAR model analyses that quantify volatility clustering and delayed market responses.Visual Aids: Correlation matrices, heatmaps, and line charts that visualize key patterns, including volatility spikes following ETF outflows and whale wallet movements.This dataset is designed to support research into cryptocurrency volatility, institutional influence, and market manipulation. It is suitable for use in academic studies, financial modeling, and data-driven investment strategies. Detailed captions and preprocessing information are provided to ensure transparency and reproducibility.Keywords: Bitcoin Volatility, Institutional Shorting, ETF Outflows, Whale Wallet Movements, Cryptocurrency Market Manipulation, Monte Carlo Simulation, GARCH Model, VAR Model, Financial Data VisualizationLicense: CC BY 4.0 (Attribution required)DOI: 10.17632/xn9ws8x6j7.2Citation:Decker, Nicolin (2025), The Economic Bomb: A Strategic Financial Warfare Tactic, Mendeley Data, V2, DOI: 10.17632/xn9ws8x6j7.2, Available at SSRN: Link to SSRNContact: Nicolin Decker, Independent Researcher, Email: nicolindecker144@gmail.com

The authors examine the relation between price returns and volatility changes in the Bitcoin market using a daily database denominated in various currencies. The results for the entire period provide no evidence of an asymmetric return-volatility relation in the Bitcoin market. They test if there is a difference in the return-volatility relation before and after the price crash of 2013 and show a significant inverse relation between past shocks and volatility before the crash and no significant relation after. This finding shows that, prior to the price crash of December 2013, positive shocks increased the conditional volatility more than negative shocks. This inverted asymmetric reaction of Bitcoin to positive and negative shocks is contrary to what the authors observe in equities. As leverage effect and volatility feedback don’t adequately explain this reaction, they propose the safe-haven effect (Baur, Asymmetric volatility in the gold market, 2012). The authors highlight the benefits of adding Bitcoin to a US equity portfolio, especially in the pre-crash period. Robustness analyses show, among others, a negative relation between the US implied volatility index (VIX) and Bitcoin volatility. Those additional analyses further support their findings and provide useful information for economic actors who are interested in adding Bitcoin to their equity portfolios or are curious about the capabilities of Bitcoin as a financial asset.

CoinAPI delivers Crypto Options Data and derivatives information from major exchanges. Access real-time and historical crypto market data to analyze volatility, pricing trends, and open interest across option chains.

Bitcoin Information Service Market Outlook

In 2023, the global Bitcoin information service market size was valued at approximately USD 1.2 billion and is expected to reach around USD 4.5 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.6% during the forecast period. The market growth is driven by the increasing adoption of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies, necessitating reliable, real-time information for investors and institutions.

One of the primary growth factors for this market is the surge in cryptocurrency investments. As Bitcoin continues to establish itself as a digital asset, both individual and institutional investors are increasingly looking for trustworthy information sources to guide their investment decisions. The volatility and rapid price movements inherent in the cryptocurrency market make timely and accurate information essential, fueling demand for comprehensive Bitcoin information services.

Another significant growth factor is the regulatory environment evolving around cryptocurrencies. As governments and regulatory bodies worldwide begin to implement frameworks for cryptocurrency trading and investment, the need for up-to-date regulatory information becomes crucial. Bitcoin information services that offer insights into regulatory changes and compliance requirements are becoming indispensable for investors and financial institutions, further driving market growth.

The technological advancements in data analytics and artificial intelligence are also contributing to the market expansion. These technologies enable Bitcoin information services to provide more precise market predictions, trend analyses, and risk assessments. Enhanced data processing capabilities allow for real-time updates and personalized information delivery, making these services increasingly attractive to a broad user base.

Regionally, North America is expected to dominate the Bitcoin information service market, thanks to the high adoption rate of cryptocurrencies and advanced technological infrastructure. Europe and Asia Pacific follow closely, with significant contributions expected from countries like Germany, the United Kingdom, China, and Japan. In particular, Asia Pacific is projected to exhibit the highest CAGR due to the growing interest in Bitcoin and other digital assets among retail and institutional investors.

Service Type Analysis

The Bitcoin information service market can be segmented by service type into News and Analysis, Market Data, Educational Resources, and Others. News and Analysis services are critical for investors looking to stay updated with the latest happenings in the Bitcoin world. These services offer real-time news updates, expert opinions, and in-depth analyses of market trends. The increasing complexity of the cryptocurrency market and the need for immediate, reliable information are driving the growth of this segment.

Market Data services provide detailed metrics and statistics about Bitcoin trading, such as price charts, trading volumes, and historical data. These services are essential for both individual and institutional investors who need accurate data to inform their trading strategies. The growing demand for sophisticated trading tools and the importance of data-driven decision-making are bolstering this segment.

Educational Resources include webinars, courses, e-books, and tutorials designed to help users understand Bitcoin and its underlying technology. As the adoption of Bitcoin continues to rise, there is a parallel need for education to help users navigate this complex field. Educational services are especially important for new investors and those looking to deepen their understanding of cryptocurrency markets.

Other services in this market may include forums, discussion boards, and social media platforms that allow users to share information and insights. These collaborative platforms are gaining popularity as they provide a space for real-time information exchange and community support. The growing interest in peer-to-peer information sharing and community-driven insights is expected to drive this segment's growth.

Report Scope

Crypto Asset Management Market size was valued at USD 1064.87 Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 6080.37 Million by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 26.84% from 2024 to 2031.

Global Crypto Asset Management Market Drivers

The market drivers for the Crypto Asset Management Market can be influenced by various factors. These may include:

Growing Adoption of Cryptocurrencies: As more people and organisations use cryptocurrencies for trading and investing, there is an increasing need for these digital assets to be managed effectively. This is what makes advanced crypto asset management systems necessary. Institutional Investment: Big businesses and financial organisations are getting more involved in the bitcoin market. Their presence in the market requires substantial resources and credibility, which makes sophisticated asset management services necessary to manage big investments and regulatory obligations. Technological Advancements: The usability, security, and usefulness of crypto asset management platforms are improved by ongoing developments in blockchain technology and digital finance. This encourages more investors and consumers to use these technologies. Regulatory Developments: Investor trust rises as governments and regulatory organisations set more precise rules and regulations for cryptocurrencies. Regulatory certainty contributes to market expansion by lowering the risks involved in cryptocurrency investments. Security Issues and Solutions: The need for safe asset management solutions is being driven by the increasing awareness of the cybersecurity dangers related to the storage and transactions of cryptocurrencies. There is a specific demand for providers that offer greater security features. Portfolio diversification: Cryptocurrency is becoming a more popular component of investment strategy for investors looking to broaden their holdings. The demand for all-inclusive asset management services that can combine traditional and digital assets is increased by this development. Growth of Decentralised Finance (DeFi): One important factor is the appearance of DeFi platforms, which let people conduct financial transactions without the need for middlemen. For these platforms to securely handle a variety of assets and transactions, they need strong management solutions. Market Volatility and Risk Management: Robust risk management techniques are needed due to the intrinsic volatility of the bitcoin market. Tools for managing cryptocurrency assets let investors keep an eye on and control their holdings, reducing the risk of losses. Increasing Interest in Blockchain Technology: Investment in the cryptocurrency market is driven by a growing interest in blockchain technology beyond cryptocurrencies, including smart contracts and decentralised apps (dApps). Solutions for asset management are essential for navigating this growing ecology. Enhanced Knowledge and Education: As blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies become more widely known, so do educational programmes, more individuals are starting to feel at peace with investing in digital assets. The need for tools to efficiently manage these investments is driven by this rising familiarity.

Description 📊

This dataset provides a comprehensive historical record of Bitcoin price movements in USD over time. The data has been sourced from Yahoo Finance, a reputable financial data provider, and includes a range of valuable information for anyone interested in analyzing or understanding the cryptocurrency market.

Data Columns 📈

1. Date:📅 This column represents the date of each recorded data point. It serves as the timestamp for each observation, allowing users to track Bitcoin's price changes over time.

2. Closing Price (USD):💰 The closing price is the last traded price of Bitcoin in USD at the end of each trading day. It is a crucial metric for investors and traders, as it reflects the market sentiment and overall performance for that specific day.

3. 24h Open (USD):🌄This column represents the opening price of Bitcoin in USD for the given 24-hour trading period. The opening price is the value at which Bitcoin started trading at the beginning of the day, and it can provide insights into market sentiment and potential price trends.

4. 24h High (USD):🚀 The 24-hour high price indicates the highest price level reached by Bitcoin in USD within the given 24-hour trading window. It is valuable for identifying the day's price volatility and potential price resistance levels.

5. 24h Low (USD):📉 This column represents the lowest price level Bitcoin reached in USD during the 24-hour trading period. The 24-hour low is crucial for identifying potential support levels and understanding the cryptocurrency's price range for the day.

Analyzing this dataset can offer insights into Bitcoin's historical price trends, volatility, and potential trading strategies. Researchers and analysts can use this data to perform technical and fundamental analyses, build predictive models, or gain a better understanding of the cryptocurrency market's behavior over time.

However, It's important to note that Bitcoin operates within an open market framework, and any analysis or strategies developed should not be considered as financial advice.

This dataset is your playground for building models, crafting algorithms, and enhancing your data analysis skills. Dive in, explore, and enjoy the learning process. Happy data exploration!🚀📈💡

At the end of March 2025, the Ethereum cryptocurrency had been processed nearly ** million times on-chain that month. This was about ***** times that of the more commonly known rival Bitcoin, which saw a total of ** million transactions that month. Other leading cryptocurrencies also saw significantly less transaction activity. What kind of transactions were these? Cryptocurrencies are digital currencies which owe their credibility to their technology rather than a central bank. Many of the transactions in this statistic involve cryptocurrency exchanges which exchange these coins for other currencies, including traditional currencies such as U.S. dollars or euros. In selected countries, Bitcoin ATMs also dispense the local currency in exchange for Bitcoin. However, few retailers accept that or any other cryptocurrency on a large scale. Cryptocurrency as an investment Many cryptocurrency enthusiasts point to the high market capitalization of their favorite cryptocurrencies. Moreover, the currency price is an important factor. The price volatility of Bitcoin and others attracts investors, hoping to buy low and sell high.

ADF test of Bitcoin return, realized volatility and investor attention.

This analysis presents a rigorous exploration of financial data, incorporating a diverse range of statistical features. By providing a robust foundation, it facilitates advanced research and innovative modeling techniques within the field of finance.

S&P Bitcoin index forecast: Potential Volatility Ahead

Financial data:

• Historical daily stock prices (open, high, low, close, volume)

• Fundamental data (e.g., market capitalization, price to earnings P/E ratio, dividend yield, earnings per share EPS, price to earnings growth, debt-to-equity ratio, price-to-book ratio, current ratio, free cash flow, projected earnings growth, return on equity, dividend payout ratio, price to sales ratio, credit rating)

• Technical indicators (e.g., moving averages, RSI, MACD, average directional index, aroon oscillator, stochastic oscillator, on-balance volume, accumulation/distribution A/D line, parabolic SAR indicator, bollinger bands indicators, fibonacci, williams percent range, commodity channel index)

Machine learning features:

• Feature engineering based on financial data and technical indicators

• Sentiment analysis data from social media and news articles

• Macroeconomic data (e.g., GDP, unemployment rate, interest rates, consumer spending, building permits, consumer confidence, inflation, producer price index, money supply, home sales, retail sales, bond yields)

Potential Applications:

• Stock price prediction

• Portfolio optimization

• Algorithmic trading

• Market sentiment analysis

• Risk management

Use Cases:

• Researchers investigating the effectiveness of machine learning in stock market prediction

• Analysts developing quantitative trading Buy/Sell strategies

• Individuals interested in building their own stock market prediction models

• Students learning about machine learning and financial applications

Additional Notes:

• The dataset may include different levels of granularity (e.g., daily, hourly)

• Data cleaning and preprocessing are essential before model training

• Regular updates are recommended to maintain the accuracy and relevance of the data

Bitcoin's circulating supply has grown steadily since its inception in 2009, reaching over ** million coins by early 2025. This gradual increase reflects the cryptocurrency's design, which put a limit of ** million on the total number of bitcoins that can ever exist. This impacts the Bitcoin price somewhat, as its scarcity can lead to volatility on the market. Maximum supply and scarcity Bitcoin is unusual from other cryptocurrencies in that its maximum supply is getting closer. By 2025, more than ** percent of all possible Bitcoin had been created. That said, Bitcoin's circulating supply is expected to reach its maximum around the year 2140. Meanwhile, mining becomes exponentially more difficult and energy-intensive. Institutional investors In 2025, countries like the United States openly started discussion the possibility of buying bitcoins to hold in reserve. By the time of writing, it was unclear whether this would happen. Nevertheless, institutional investors displayed more interest in the cryptocurrency than before. Certain companies owned several thousands of Bitcoin tokens in 2025, for example. This and the limited number of Bitcoin may further fuel price volatility.

Descriptive statistics of Bitcoin return and realized volatility.