From 2000 to 2023, there was an overall increase in the number of marriages in São Paulo. The highest number recorded was in 2015 with around ******* marriages. In contrast, the lowest amount was in 2020 with a reported ****** cases, a decrease probably due to the restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic.

From 2013 to 2023, there was an overall increase in the number of same-sex marriages in São Paulo. The highest number recorded was in 2023 with around ***** marriages. On the other hand, the lowest amount was in 2013 with approximately ***** marriages. Same-sex marriage has been allowed since May 2013 in Brazil, becoming the second Latin American country to doing so, only after Argentina.

To examine the causes of marital instability throughout the life course, six waves of data were collected between 1980 and 2000 from married individuals who were between the ages of 18 and 55 in 1980. Information collected in 1980 (Wave I) focused on the effects of wives' participation in the labor force on marriage and marital instability. Measures predicting marital instability and divorce and assessing marital quality were developed. Variables include information on earnings, commitment to work, hours worked, and occupational status. The focus of Wave II, conducted in 1983, was to link changes in factors such as economic resources, wife's employment, presence of children, marital satisfaction, life goals, and health to actions intended to dissolve a marriage, such as divorce and permanent separation. Information on adjustment to marital dissolution, relationship with in-laws, size of home, parents' employment, use of free time, club membership, child-care arrangements, and responsibility for chores was gathered. Wave III, collected in 1988, further examined the impact of changes in employment, economics, and health on marital relationships. Questions were asked about divorce and remarriage, investment of energy and resource use in the care of aging parents and dependent offspring, asset value, awareness of aging, mental health issues, and history of disease. In 1992, Wave IV data were collected to look at changes in employment, economics, and health. Questions were asked about retirement issues, family structure, and the impact of caring for aging parents while at the same time caring for dependent offspring. Data were also collected in 1992 and 1994 from adult offspring who were living in the household in 1980 and had reached age 19 by 1992, thus providing parallel measures with their parents regarding the quality of parent-child relationships, attitudes, and support along with exploring the impact of childhood experiences on the transition to adult life. In 1997, the fifth wave was collected and interviews were conducted with a second sample of adult offspring (N=202) along with second interviews of offspring selected in 1992 (N=606). Wave V also examined the relationship between marital quality and stability and how it relates to changes in marital quality later in life. In 2000, Wave VI data were collected. Included with the adult panel was a panel obtained from the offspring who participated in 1992 or 1997, a replicate of the original cross-section study completed in 1980 (comprised of currently married persons between the ages of 19 and 55), along with a comparison sample made up of persons who were married in 1980 and were between 39 and 75 years old. The investigators examined whether there were changes in marital quality between 1980 and 2000, identified factors that might have accounted for these changes, and sought to determine their impact on the health and longevity of older persons. New questions included in Wave VI covered whether the respondent thought he/she had an organized lifestyle, alcohol and tobacco use, health problems, physical limitations, and mattering (the level of concern expressed for and received from spouse). Among the variables included in all six waves are age, sex, educational attainment, marital status and history, attitude toward divorce, number of children, religious affiliation, and income level. The Work and Family Life Study (ICPSR 26641) was conducted in 2000 as a follow-up to the Marital Instability Over the Life Course Study. Included in the Work and Family Life Study is a new cross-section of 2,100 married people 55 years of age and younger. Additionally, the Work and Family Life Study contains a Comparison Sample comprised of 1,600 additional respondents. The purpose of this Comparison Sample is to assess potential bias due to sample attrition in the panel study.

Abstract The development of agriculture in São Paulo, Brazil, presented a significant expansion during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, which is the focus of this paper. The purpose is to understand the dynamics and movements of these populations of a region of plantations (slaveholding properties). The sources for this discussion are derived from the General Map of Inhabitants existing for the period 1798-1822 in Campinas, with added data from the Nominative Lists of inhabitants and Parish Registers. Despite evident data limitation, there was a strong demographic increase, especially in captive population.

Abstract

The National Household Survey - PNAD investigates annually and permanently, general characteristics of the population, education, labor, income and housing, and others with varying regularity, according to the information needs for the country. Such characteristics include migration, fertility , marriage, health, food security, among other topics. The survey of these statistics is an important instrument for the formulation, validation and evaluation of policies to socio-economic development and the improvement of living conditions in Brazil.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Households
• Individuals

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The survey is conducted by a random sample of households. The information is provided by person resident or non-resident, considered capable of providing information for the whole neighborhood and the home. The interviewer is instructed not to accept a person under 14 years of age as an informant. The sampling plan uses cluster sampling, self-weighted in three stages (respectively municipalities, census tracts and households) with geographical stratification of the units of the first stage set for each state. The large municipalities in terms of population and those belonging to the metropolitan areas were each treated as a stratum and therefore included in the sample with certainty, being called autorrepresentativos. The other municipalities within the same geographic microregion were grouped into strata of approximately equal size, and designated non autorrepresentativos. Strata in these municipalities were selected systematically with probability proportional to size (ppt). Sectors are the unit of selection in the second stage and also are selected systematically and ppt, in which case the size is measured by the number of households. The sectors were stratified according to the situation of urban and rural states of the northern region, except for Tocantins, to allow comparison of indicators from PNADs after 2004 with those performed before insertion of the rural area of the northern states. In other regions this stratification is only implicit, ie, there is an ordering for the situation of the sector before the systematic selection. Municipalities and selected sectors are kept in the sample until they are available new Census data, when they are selected new units for the sample. Each year, in each sector selected for the sample is prepared (or updated) in the field a listing of households, producing an updated register for selection. An important characteristic of this listing operation refers to the Register of New Buildings, which is prepared to contain the buildings account for large changes in the sizes of sectors. The inventory of new construction is done in the municipalities of the sample, both in the sectors selected for the sample as those not selected. An area of new construction is excluded from the area of the original sector and is dealt with separately at the time of selection of households in this case is performed according to the sample fraction of the area. Households, which are units of the third selection stage, are formed by private households and the housing units in collective households occupied during the listing operation. The initial number of households per sector in the sample was set at 16. The sampling fraction indicates the proportion of the population constituting the sample. Currently fractions ranging from 1/50 (rural area of Roraima) to 1/800 (Sao Paulo). How the selection of households in each selected sector for the sample is done systematically to ensure self-weighting sample, the selection range of households remains fixed from year to year. This procedure entails an annual increase in the number of households in the sample, it depends on the number of households upgraded the sector by listing operation. In PNAD 2008, approximately 151,000 households were selected. The final size of the sample of PNAD 2009 was approximately 851 municipalities, 7818 153837 sectors and households. In 2007 PNAD introduced the use of electronic collector ( Personal Digital Assistant - PDA) for carrying out data collection, making it possible to improve the research operating system . Also during PNAD 2007 the DIA system was used, which is an imputation system that automatically detects qualitative data errors. Developed by the National Institute of Statistics - INE of Spain, the software aims to facilitate debugging censuses and large statistical research. In this first year of use of the application, all steps of criticism usually applied to data from the National Household Survey core questionnaire were performed, followed by a process of simultaneous validation of the data collected. In 2008 PNAD used only the Canadian Census Edit and Imputation System - CANCEIS already including the procedures usually applied to critical data from the questionnaires. Starting from PNAD 2011 sample selection of Rondônia, Acre, Amazonas, Roraima, Pará and Amapá followed the same methodology in other units of the Federation.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Abstract

The National Household Survey - PNAD investigates annuall and permanently, general characteristics of the population, education , labor, income and housing, and others with varying regularity, according to the information needs for the country. Topics include characteristics on migration, fertility , marriage, health, food security, among other topics. The survey of these statistics is an important instrument for the formulation, validation and evaluation of policies to socio-economic development and the improvement of living conditions in Brazil.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

• Households
• Individuals

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The survey is conducted by a random sample of households. The information is provided by person resident or non-resident, considered capable of providing information for the whole neighborhood and the home. The interviewer is instructed not to accept a person under 14 years of age as an informant. The sampling plan uses cluster sampling, self-weighted in three stages (respectively municipalities, census tracts and households) with geographical stratification of the units of the first stage set for each state. The large municipalities in terms of population and those belonging to the metropolitan areas were each treated as a stratum and therefore included in the sample with certainty, being called autorrepresentativos. The other municipalities within the same geographic microregion were grouped into strata of approximately equal size, and designated non autorrepresentativos. Strata in these municipalities were selected systematically with probability proportional to size (ppt).

Sectors are the unit of selection in the second stage and also are selected systematically and ppt, in which case the size is measured by the number of households. The sectors were stratified according to the situation of urban and rural states of the northern region, except for Tocantins, to allow comparison of indicators from PNADs after 2004 with those performed before insertion of the rural area of the northern states. In other regions this stratification is only implicit, ie, there is an ordering for the situation of the sector before the systematic selection. Municipalities and selected sectors are kept in the sample until they are available new Census data, when they are selected new units for the sample.

Each year, in each sector selected for the sample is prepared (or updated) in the field a listing of households, producing an updated register for selection. An important characteristic of this listing operation refers to the Register of New Buildings, which is prepared to contain the buildings account for large changes in the sizes of sectors. The inventory of new construction is done in the municipalities of the sample, both in the sectors selected for the sample as those not selected. An area of new construction is excluded from the area of the original sector and is dealt with separately at the time of selection of households in this case is performed according to the sample fraction of the area. Households, which are units of the third selection stage, are formed by private households and the housing units in collective households occupied during the listing operation. The initial number of households per sector in the sample was set at 16. The sampling fraction indicates the proportion of the population constituting the sample. Currently fractions ranging from 1/50 (rural area of Roraima) to 1/800 (Sao Paulo). How the selection of households in each selected sector for the sample is done systematically to ensure self-weighting sample, the selection range of households remains fixed from year to year. This procedure entails an annual increase in the number of households in the sample, it depends on the number of households upgraded the sector by listing operation. In PNAD 2008, approximately 151,000 households were selected. The final size of the sample of PNAD 2009 was approximately 851 municipalities, 7818 153837 sectors and households. In 2007 PNAD introduced the use of electronic collector ( Personal Digital Assistant - PDA) for carrying out data collection, making it possible to improve the research operating system. Also during PNAD 2007 the DIA system was used, which is an imputation system that automatically detects qualitative data errors. Developed by the National Institute of Statistics - INE of Spain, the software aims to facilitate debugging censuses and large statistical research. In this first year of use of the application, all steps of criticism usually applied to data from the National Household Survey core questionnaire were performed, followed by a process of simultaneous validation of the data collected. In 2008 PNAD used only the Canadian Census Edit and Imputation System - CANCEIS already including the procedures usually applied to critical data from the questionnaires. Starting from PNAD 2011 sample selection of Rondônia, Acre, Amazonas, Roraima, Pará and Amapá followed the same methodology in other units of the Federation.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]