Financial institutions are entities that provide various financial services to individuals, businesses, and governments. The file is a comprehensive dataset for the year 2022, specifically for the state of Massachusetts, associated with the Academy Bank, National Association. It contains detailed information on various loan activities, including loan types, dwelling categories, and applicant demographics like ethnicity, race, and income. The dataset includes key metrics such as the census tract, county code, loan limits, and reasons for loan denial. Additionally, it provides demographic and economic indicators of the areas where these activities took place, such as population, minority population percentage, median family income in the MSA/MD, income percentage relative to the MSA, and housing unit characteristics. This data is valuable for analyzing lending patterns, compliance with housing finance regulations, and understanding the real estate market in Massachusetts.

Graph and download economic data for All-Transactions House Price Index for Berkshire County, MA (ATNHPIUS25003A) from 1980 to 2024 about Berkshire County, MA; Pittsfield; MA; HPI; housing; price index; indexes; price; and USA.

The Global Financial Crisis of 2008-09 was a period of severe macroeconomic instability for the United States and the global economy more generally. The crisis was precipitated by the collapse of a number of financial institutions who were deeply involved in the U.S. mortgage market and associated credit markets. Beginning in the Summer of 2007, a number of banks began to report issues with increasing mortgage delinquencies and the problem of not being able to accurately price derivatives contracts which were based on bundles of these U.S. residential mortgages. By the end of 2008, U.S. financial institutions had begun to fail due to their exposure to the housing market, leading to one of the deepest recessions in the history of the United States and to extensive government bailouts of the financial sector.

Subprime and the collapse of the U.S. mortgage market

The early 2000s had seen explosive growth in the U.S. mortgage market, as credit became cheaper due to the Federal Reserve's decision to lower interest rates in the aftermath of the 2001 'Dot Com' Crash, as well as because of the increasing globalization of financial flows which directed funds into U.S. financial markets. Lower mortgage rates gave incentive to financial institutions to begin lending to riskier borrowers, using so-called 'subprime' loans. These were loans to borrowers with poor credit scores, who would not have met the requirements for a conventional mortgage loan. In order to hedge against the risk of these riskier loans, financial institutions began to use complex financial instruments known as derivatives, which bundled mortgage loans together and allowed the risk of default to be sold on to willing investors. This practice was supposed to remove the risk from these loans, by effectively allowing credit institutions to buy insurance against delinquencies. Due to the fraudulent practices of credit ratings agencies, however, the price of these contacts did not reflect the real risk of the loans involved. As the reality of the inability of the borrowers to repay began to kick in during 2007, the financial markets which traded these derivatives came under increasing stress and eventually led to a 'sudden stop' in trading and credit intermediation during 2008.

Market Panic and The Great Recession

As borrowers failed to make repayments, this had a knock-on effect among financial institutions who were highly leveraged with financial instruments based on the mortgage market. Lehman Brothers, one of the world's largest investment banks, failed on September 15th 2008, causing widespread panic in financial markets. Due to the fear of an unprecedented collapse in the financial sector which would have untold consequences for the wider economy, the U.S. government and central bank, The Fed, intervened the following day to bailout the United States' largest insurance company, AIG, and to backstop financial markets. The crisis prompted a deep recession, known colloquially as The Great Recession, drawing parallels between this period and The Great Depression. The collapse of credit intermediation in the economy lead to further issues in the real economy, as business were increasingly unable to pay back loans and were forced to lay off staff, driving unemployment to a high of almost 10 percent in 2010. While there has been criticism of the U.S. government's actions to bailout the financial institutions involved, the actions of the government and the Fed are seen by many as having prevented the crisis from spiraling into a depression of the magnitude of The Great Depression.

Graph and download economic data for All-Transactions House Price Index for Suffolk County, MA (ATNHPIUS25025A) from 1975 to 2023 about Suffolk County, MA; Boston; MA; HPI; housing; price index; indexes; price; and USA.

South Africa Financial Assets: Flow: MA: NA: Mortgage Loans data was reported at 0.000 ZAR mn in 2017. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 ZAR mn for 2016. South Africa Financial Assets: Flow: MA: NA: Mortgage Loans data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 ZAR mn from Dec 1992 (Median) to 2017, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.000 ZAR mn in 2002 and a record low of -32.000 ZAR mn in 1993. South Africa Financial Assets: Flow: MA: NA: Mortgage Loans data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by South African Reserve Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.AB006: Funds by Sector: Flow: Monetary Authority: Annual.

Petition subject: Racial discrimination Original: http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL:25455086 Date of creation: (unknown) Petition location: Boston Legislator, committee, or address that the petition was sent to: Lincoln G. Pope Jr., Boston; committee on banks and banking Selected signatures:Lincoln G. Pope Jr. Actions taken on dates: 1960-01-06,1960-01-06 Legislative action: Received in the House on January 6, 1960 and referred to the committee on banks and banking and sent for concurrence and received in the Senate on January 6, 1960 and concurred Total signatures: 1 Legislative action summary: Received, referred, sent, received, concurred Males of color signatures: 1 Female only signatures: No Identifications of signatories: citizens, [males of color] Prayer format was printed vs. manuscript: Printed Additional non-petition or unrelated documents available at archive: additional documents available Additional archivist notes: to prohibit discrimination by persons engaged in the business of granting mortgage loans, includes address Location of the petition at the Massachusetts Archives of the Commonwealth: St. 1960, c.163, passed March 7, 1960 Acknowledgements: Supported by the National Endowment for the Humanities (PW-5105612), Massachusetts Archives of the Commonwealth, Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University, Center for American Political Studies at Harvard University, Institutional Development Initiative at Harvard University, and Harvard University Library.

Graph and download economic data for All-Transactions House Price Index for Dukes County, MA (ATNHPIUS25007A) from 1985 to 2024 about Dukes County, MA; MA; HPI; housing; price index; indexes; price; and USA.

Japan Assets: Stock: MA: Loans: Private Financial Inst: Housing Loans data was reported at 0.000 JPY bn in Mar 2018. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 JPY bn for Dec 2017. Japan Assets: Stock: MA: Loans: Private Financial Inst: Housing Loans data is updated quarterly, averaging 0.000 JPY bn from Dec 1997 (Median) to Mar 2018, with 82 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.800 JPY bn in Dec 1997 and a record low of 0.000 JPY bn in Mar 2018. Japan Assets: Stock: MA: Loans: Private Financial Inst: Housing Loans data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank of Japan. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.AB040: SNA08: Financial Institution: Insurance & Pension Funds: Insurance: Mutual Aid Insurance: Stock.

Graph and download economic data for All-Transactions House Price Index for Worcester County, MA (ATNHPIUS25027A) from 1975 to 2024 about Worcester County, MA; Worcester; MA; HPI; housing; price index; indexes; price; and USA.

House prices grew year-on-year in most states in the U.S. in the third quarter of 2024. The District of Columbia was the only exception, with a decline of three percent. The annual appreciation for single-family housing in the U.S. was 0.71 percent, while in Hawaii—the state where homes appreciated the most—the increase exceeded 10 percent. How have home prices developed in recent years? House price growth in the U.S. has been going strong for years. In 2024, the median sales price of a single-family home exceeded 413,000 U.S. dollars, up from 277,000 U.S. dollars five years ago. One of the factors driving house prices was the cost of credit. The record-low federal funds effective rate allowed mortgage lenders to set mortgage interest rates as low as 2.3 percent. With interest rates on the rise, home buying has also slowed, causing fluctuations in house prices. Why are house prices growing? Many markets in the U.S. are overheated because supply has not been able to keep up with demand. How many homes enter the housing market depends on the construction output, whereas the availability of existing homes for purchase depends on many other factors, such as the willingness of owners to sell. Furthermore, growing investor appetite in the housing sector means that prospective homebuyers have some extra competition to worry about. In certain metros, for example, the share of homes bought by investors exceeded 20 percent in 2024.

Graph and download economic data for All-Transactions House Price Index for Barnstable County, MA (ATNHPIUS25001A) from 1976 to 2024 about Barnstable County, MA; Barnstable Town; MA; HPI; housing; price index; indexes; price; and USA.

Graph and download economic data for All-Transactions House Price Index for Hampshire County, MA (ATNHPIUS25015A) from 1978 to 2024 about Hampshire County, MA; Springfield; MA; HPI; housing; price index; indexes; price; and USA.

Graph and download economic data for All-Transactions House Price Index for Franklin County, MA (ATNHPIUS25011A) from 1985 to 2024 about Franklin County, MA; Springfield; MA; HPI; housing; price index; indexes; price; and USA.

房地美房价指数：马萨诸塞州在09-01-2018达181.6232000年12月=100，相较于08-01-2018的182.0242000年12月=100有所下降。房地美房价指数：马萨诸塞州数据按月更新，01-01-1975至09-01-2018期间平均值为71.8482000年12月=100，共525份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于07-01-2018，达182.3022000年12月=100，而历史最低值则出现于05-01-1975，为15.5042000年12月=100。CEIC提供的房地美房价指数：马萨诸塞州数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, Freddie Mac，数据归类于全球数据库的美国 – 表 US.E029：房地美房价指数（FMHPI）：美国联邦住房贷款抵押公司 （FHLMC）。

Graph and download economic data for All-Transactions House Price Index for Middlesex County, MA (ATNHPIUS25017A) from 1975 to 2024 about Middlesex County, MA; Boston; MA; HPI; housing; price index; indexes; price; and USA.

Graph and download economic data for All-Transactions House Price Index for Nantucket County, MA (ATNHPIUS25019A) from 1986 to 2021 about Nantucket County, MA; MA; HPI; housing; price index; indexes; price; and USA.

Graph and download economic data for All-Transactions House Price Index for Springfield, MA (MSA) (ATNHPIUS44140Q) from Q2 1979 to Q4 2024 about Springfield, MA, appraisers, HPI, housing, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for All-Transactions House Price Index for Barnstable Town, MA (MSA) (ATNHPIUS12700Q) from Q4 1983 to Q4 2024 about Barnstable Town, MA, appraisers, HPI, housing, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

金融负债：流量：MA：NI：抵押贷款在12-01-2017达0.000百万南非兰特，相较于12-01-2016的0.000百万南非兰特保持不变。金融负债：流量：MA：NI：抵押贷款数据按年更新，12-01-1992至12-01-2017期间平均值为0.000百万南非兰特，共26份观测结果。CEIC提供的金融负债：流量：MA：NI：抵押贷款数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于South African Reserve Bank，数据归类于Global Database的南非 – 表 ZA.AB006：按行业划分基金：流量：金融管理局：年度。