A 10-meter resolution land surface digital elevation model (DEM) for the island of Maui in Hawaii from U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 1/3 arc-second DEM quadrangles. For a grayscale hillshade image layer of this dataset, see "hi_usgs_maui_dem10m_hillshade" and "hi_usgs_all_dem10m_hillshade" in the distribution links listed in the metadata. acknowledgement=The Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) is funded through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) as a Regional Association within the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS). PacIOOS is coordinated by the University of Hawaii School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST). cdm_data_type=Grid comment=These data are provided by USGS and subsequently distributed via THREDDS Data Server (TDS) and ERDDAP by PacIOOS. Conventions=CF-1.6, ACDD-1.3 date_metadata_modified=2023-01-20 drawLandMask=off Easternmost_Easting=-155.9790147408373 geospatial_bounds=POLYGON ((20.574368 -156.697211, 21.031408 -156.697211, 21.031408 -155.978966, 20.574368 -155.978966, 20.574368 -156.697211)) geospatial_bounds_crs=EPSG:4326 geospatial_lat_max=21.031363703651188 geospatial_lat_min=20.574418740849925 geospatial_lat_resolution=9.25926976294352E-5 geospatial_lat_units=degrees_north geospatial_lon_max=-155.9790147408373 geospatial_lon_min=-156.6971637036512 geospatial_lon_resolution=9.259269762943516E-5 geospatial_lon_units=degrees_east history=2015-05-11T00:00:00Z PacIOOS obtained ArcInfo Binary Grids from The National Map Viewer of USGS then mosaicked and converted to NetCDF format and EPSG:4326 spatial reference system. id=usgs_dem_10m_maui infoUrl=https://www.usgs.gov/core-science-systems/national-geospatial-program/national-map institution=U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) instrument=Not Applicable > Not Applicable instrument_vocabulary=GCMD Instrument Keywords ISO_Topic_Categories=elevation keywords_vocabulary=GCMD Science Keywords locations=Continent > North America > United States Of America > Hawaii, Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Maui locations_vocabulary=GCMD Location Keywords metadata_link=https://www.pacioos.hawaii.edu/metadata/usgs_dem_10m_maui.html naming_authority=org.pacioos Northernmost_Northing=21.031363703651188 platform=Models/Analyses > > DEM > Digital Elevation Model platform_vocabulary=GCMD Platform Keywords program=Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) project=Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS) references=https://www.pacioos.hawaii.edu/metadata/hi_usgs_maui_dem10m_hillshade.html; https://www.pacioos.hawaii.edu/metadata/hi_usgs_all_dem10m_hillshade.html source=USGS 1/3 arc-second DEM quadrangles sourceUrl=https://pae-paha.pacioos.hawaii.edu/thredds/dodsC/usgs_dem_10m_maui Southernmost_Northing=20.574418740849925 standard_name_vocabulary=CF Standard Name Table v39 time_coverage_duration=P0D time_coverage_resolution=P0D Westernmost_Easting=-156.6971637036512

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center conducted research to quantify bathymetric changes surrounding Maui, Hawaii. Changes in seafloor elevation were calculated using historical bathymetric point data from the 1960s (see Yates and others, 2017a) and light detection and ranging (lidar)-derived data acquired in 1999 (NOAA, 2013) using methods outlined in Yate and others (2017b). An elevation change analysis between the 1960s and 1999 data was performed to quantify and map historical impacts to seafloor elevation and to determine elevation-change statistics for 12 habitat types found surrounding Maui. Annual elevation-change rates were calculated for each elevation-change data point. Seafloor elevation-change surrounding Maui was projected 25, 50, 75 and 100 years from 1999 using these historical annual rates of elevation change. Water depth was projected 25, 50, 75 and 100 years from 1999 using historical rates of annual elevation change plus 1999 local sea level rise (SLR) data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

These data were created as part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office for Coastal Management's efforts to create an online mapping viewer called the Sea Level Rise and Coastal Flooding Impacts Viewer. It depicts potential sea level rise and its associated impacts on the nation's coastal areas. The purpose of the mapping viewer is to provide coastal managers and scientists with a preliminary look at sea level rise (SLR) and coastal flooding impacts. The viewer is a screening-level tool that uses nationally consistent data sets and analyses. Data and maps provided can be used at several scales to help gauge trends and prioritize actions for different scenarios. The Sea Level Rise and Coastal Flooding Impacts Viewer may be accessed at: http://www.coast.noaa.gov/slr This metadata record describes the Honolulu Weather Forecast Office (HFO WFO) digital elevation model (DEM), which is a part of a series of DEMs produced for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office for Coastal Management's Sea Level Rise and Coastal Flooding Impacts Viewer described above. The DEMs created for this project were developed using the NOAA National Weather Service's Weather Forecast Office (WFO) boundaries. This DEM includes the best available lidar known to exist at the time of DEM creation that met project specifications for the Honolulu WFO, which includes the following islands in Hawaii: Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Maui, Lanai, and Hawaii. The DEM is derived from multiple sources. 1. 2005 Oahu/Maui Lidar - acquired by NOAA 2. 2006 Hawaii FEMA Lidar - acquired by FEMA along south shores of islands 3. 2007 USACE Pacific Islands Lidar: Hawaiian Islands - acquired by USACE and Hawaii State Civil Defense along north and windward facing shores of islands Hydrographic breaklines were delineated from LiDAR intensity imagery generated from the LiDAR datasets. The final DEM is hydro flattened such that water elevations are less than or equal to -0.5 meters. The DEM is referenced vertically to the Local Mean Sea Level (LMSL) tidal datum with vertical units of meters and horizontally to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). The resolution of the DEM is 3 meters.

This database consists of a series of maps that depict the spatial distribution of nearshore topo-bathymetric transects perpendicular to the road and accompanying profiles that present elevation and depth values along these transects on the islands of Maui and Molokai.

Transects are identified by Francis et al. (2024a). State of Hawaii Department of Transportation (HDOT) state routes and Maui County Roads are acquired from HDOT (2023) and MC (2022). Shoreline datasets are provided by NGS (2017). Elevation and depth values along the transects are referenced to local mean sea level (LMSL) and are sampled from a digital elevation model (DEM) prepared by Francis et al. (2019).

Details of the data sources and methods can be found in the 'Maps and Profiles of Nearshore Topo-bathymetric Transects Perpendicular to Road-README.docx' .

References cited in this description can be found in the 'Description References-README.docx'.

This map shows the extent of flooding of low-lying inland coastal areas around the island of Maui in the State of Hawaii due to 2 feet (0.610 m) of sea level rise above mean higher high water (MHHW), created by subtracting the NOAA VDATUM MHHW surface from a digital elevation model (DEM). These low-lying areas are not hydrologically connected to the ocean but have the potential for flooding based on their elevation and require more detailed analysis. The resolution of the DEM is 3 meters and was derived from the best available LiDAR data sets known to exist at the time of creation. Water levels are shown as they would appear during the highest high tides (excluding wind-driven tides).Data produced in 2014 by NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM). These data do not consider future changes in coastal geomorphology and natural processes such as erosion, subsidence, or future construction. These data do not specify timing of inundation and are not appropriate for conducting detailed spatial analysis. The entire risk associated with the results and performance of these data is assumed by the user. These data should be used strictly as a planning reference and not for navigation, permitting, or other legal purposes.This map shows the extent of flooding of low-lying inland coastal areas around the island of Maui in the State of Hawaii due to 2 feet (0.610 m) of sea level rise above mean higher high water (MHHW), created by subtracting the NOAA VDATUM MHHW surface from a digital elevation model (DEM). These low-lying areas are not hydrologically connected to the ocean but have the potential for flooding based on their elevation and require more detailed analysis. The resolution of the DEM is 3 meters and was derived from the best available LiDAR data sets known to exist at the time of creation. Water levels are shown as they would appear during the highest high tides (excluding wind-driven tides).Data produced in 2014 by NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM). These data do not consider future changes in coastal geomorphology and natural processes such as erosion, subsidence, or future construction. These data do not specify timing of inundation and are not appropriate for conducting detailed spatial analysis. The entire risk associated with the results and performance of these data is assumed by the user. These data should be used strictly as a planning reference and not for navigation, permitting, or other legal purposes.This map shows the extent of flooding of low-lying inland coastal areas around the island of Maui in the State of Hawaii due to 2 feet (0.610 m) of sea level rise above mean higher high water (MHHW), created by subtracting the NOAA VDATUM MHHW surface from a digital elevation model (DEM). These low-lying areas are not hydrologically connected to the ocean but have the potential for flooding based on their elevation and require more detailed analysis. The resolution of the DEM is 3 meters and was derived from the best available LiDAR data sets known to exist at the time of creation. Water levels are shown as they would appear during the highest high tides (excluding wind-driven tides).Data produced in 2014 by NOAA Office for Coastal Management (OCM). These data do not consider future changes in coastal geomorphology and natural processes such as erosion, subsidence, or future construction. These data do not specify timing of inundation and are not appropriate for conducting detailed spatial analysis. The entire risk associated with the results and performance of these data is assumed by the user. These data should be used strictly as a planning reference and not for navigation, permitting, or other legal purposes.

The layer depicts 100 feet elevation contours for Maui, Hawai'i. Data is originally from the Hawaii Statewide GIS Project. Additional information and metadata can be obtained by contacting Hawaii Statewide GIS Program, Office of Planning, State of Hawaii; PO Box 2359, Honolulu, HI 96804; (808) 587-2846; email: gis@hawaii.gov; Website: https://planning.hawaii.gov/gis.

[Metadata] Various reserves, preserves, parks, etc. as of October 2024. Source: DLNR/DOFAW, October 2024. Reserve boundaries are generally based off of the County's tax map key (TMK) layer. Kauai County TMK 2012, Maui County TMK 2016, Honolulu and Hawaii Counties 2020. Since boundaries from other agencies are derived from different source scales, these boundaries are modified to match the TMK layer with exceptions.Note: Kaumahina State Recreation Area on Maui was digitized from USGS 7.5 minute topographic map.Modified Hakalau Forest NWR (S. Kona Sec.) 8/24; Added Ala Kahakai NHT and Modified Hawaii Volcanoes NP 7/24; Modified Malamaki FR, Keauohana FR, Puu Waawaa FR and South Kona FR 11/23; Added Puaahala WS 10/23; Addition to Haleakala NPS 7/23; Modified Honolulu Watershed FR 7/23; Added Hilo FR (Ookala Sec.) 6/23; Added Molokai FR (Puaahala Sec.) 4/23; Added Pia NAR, Mokio Preserve (Molokai Land Trust) and removed Kukaiau Preserve (Conservation Easement)5/22; Modified Mauna Loa FR 12/21; Addition of Kukaiau Preserve (The Nature Conservancy) 8/21; (Modified and renamed Helemano Wilderness Area to Ewa Forest Reserve (Helemano Sec.); Modified Upper Waiakea FR 12/20; Addition Kahoolawe Island Reserve, Helemano Wilderness Area 08/20; Update to Hakalau Wildlife Refuge, Kona Section12/19; Addition to Lihue-Koloa FR 12/19; Update to West Maui FR 10/19; Addition to Lihue-Koloa FR 8/19; Update to Honolulu FR, Waimanalo FR and Round Top FR 7/18/18; Addition of Honouliuli NM 1/30/17; Addition of Kiholo SPR 11/03/17; Updated Puu Ka Pele FR; Nounou FR; Na Pali Kona FR; Kaohe Mitigation 9/27/17; Na Pali Kona FR & Alakai WP 6/29/17; Update to Pouhala Marsh WS and Kanaha Pond WS 5/31/17; Added Kalauao FR, Update to Waimanalo FR and Mana FR 5/16/17; Update to Kawainui Marsh W.S. 4/12/17; Update to Honolulu FR and Mauna Kea FR 01/20/17; Addition of Kure WS10/24/16. Update to Island of Oahu Waiahole FR and Kaneohe FR 9/30/16; Molokai FR and Kipahulu FR 7/7/16; Island of Hawaii Kohala FR, Hamakua FR, Mauna Kea FR, Honualua FR, Malama-Ki FR and Puu O Umi NAR 4/15/16; Forest Reserves (Kauai, Oahu, and Hawaii); Natural Area Reservess (Hawaii and Maui); National Wildlife Refuges (Statewide); National Parks (Hawaii and Maui); The Nature Conservancy (Hawaii and Maui). Additional updates to: Nanakuli F.R., Lualualei F.R., Honouliuli F.R. 2/18/16; Maui Motocross Track 2/8/16; Honuaula F.R., Kohala F.R. (Waimanu Sec.),Kaohe Mitigation & Puu Mali Mitigation1/28/16; Kahua Coop GMA 12/16/15; Waimanalo Forest Reserve 10/2/15; Kuia NAR 9/22 /15; removed Ookala Coop GMA 12/16/15.For additional information, please refer to metadata at https://files.hawaii.gov/dbedt/op/gis/data/reserves_summary.pdf or contact Hawaii Statewide GIS Program, Office of Planning and Sustainable Development, State of Hawaii; PO Box 2359, Honolulu, Hi. 96804; (808) 587-2846; email: gis@hawaii.gov; Website: https://planning.hawaii.gov/gis.

This database consists of a series of maps and plots showing transects of nearshore topographic and bathymetric elevations of Hawaii shorelines. Individual maps show transects of shorelines adjacent to 302 mileposts along Hawaii state routes on the islands of Hawaii, Maui, Molokai, Oahu and Kauai previously identified for their vulnerability to the effects of climate change as part of the Statewide Coastal Highways Project Report.

Mileposts are identified by Brandes et al. (2019). HDOT state routes and county street centerline datasets are acquired from HDOT (2017) and HOLIS, C&CH (2017). Elevations along the transect are referenced to local mean sea level (LMSL) and are sampled from a merged digital elevation model (DEM) of Oahu prepared by Francis et al. (2019).

Details on map datasets and their usage can be found in the 2019 State of Hawaii Statewide Coastal Highways Project Report.

The layer depicts 100 feet elevation contours for Lanai, Maui Nui, Hawai'i. Data is originally from the Hawaii Statewide GIS Project. Additional information and metadata can be obtained by contacting Hawaii Statewide GIS Program, Office of Planning, State of Hawaii; PO Box 2359, Honolulu, HI 96804; (808) 587-2846; email: gis@hawaii.gov; Website: https://planning.hawaii.gov/gis.

[Metadata] Tropical storms, hurricanes, and tsunamis create waves that flood low-lying coastal areas. The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) produces flood insurance rate maps (FIRMs) that depict flood risk zones referred to as Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA) based modeling 1%-annual-chance flood event also referred to as a 100-year flood. The purpose of the FIRM is twofold: (1) to provide the basis for application of regulatory standards and (2) to provide the basis for insurance rating.SFHAs identify areas at risk from infrequent but severe storm-induced wave events and riverine flood events that are based upon historical record. By law (44 Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] 60.3), FEMA can only map flood risk that will be utilized for land use regulation or insurance rating based on historical data, therefore, future conditions with sea level rise and other impacts of climate change are not considered in FIRMs. It is important to note that FEMA can produce Flood Insurance Rate Maps that include future condition floodplains, but these would be considered “awareness” zones and not to be used for regulatory of insurance rating purposes.The State of Hawai‘i 2018 Hazard Mitigation Plan incorporated the results of modeling and an assessment of vulnerability to coastal flooding from storm-induced wave events with sea level rise (Tetra Tech Inc., 2018). The 1% annual-chance-coastal flood zone with sea level rise (1%CFZ) was modeled to estimate coastal flood extents and wave heights for wave-generating events with sea level rise. Modeling was conducted by Sobis Inc. under State of Hawaiʻi Department of Land and Natural Resources Contract No: 64064. The 1%CFZ with 3.2 feet of sea level rise was utilized to assess vulnerability to coastal event-based flooding in mid to - late century.The 1%CFZ with sea level rise would greatly expand the impacts from a 100-year flood event meaning that more coastal land area will be exposed to damaging waves. For example, over 120 critical infrastructure facilities in the City and County of Honolulu, including water, waste, and wastewater systems and communication and energy facilities would be impacted in the 1%CFZ with 3.2 feet of sea level rise (Tetra Tech Inc., 2018). This is double the number of facilities in the SFHA which includes the impacts of riverine flooding.A simplified version of the Wave Height Analysis for Flood Insurance Studies (WHAFIS) extension (FEMA, 2019b) included in Hazus-MH, was used to create the 1% annual chance coastal floodplain. Hazus is a nationally applicable standardized methodology that contains models for estimating potential losses from earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, and hurricanes (FEMA, 2019a). The current 1%-annual-chance stillwater elevations were collected using the most current flood insurance studies (FIS) for each island conducted by FEMA (FEMA, 2004, 2010, 2014, 2015). The FIS calculates the 1%-annual-chance stillwater elevation, wave setup, and wave run-up (called maximum wave crest) at regularly-spaced transects around the islands based on historical data. Modeling for the 1%CFZ used the NOAA 3-meter digital elevation model (DEM) which incorporates LiDAR data sets collected between 2003 and 2007 from NOAA, FEMA, the State of Hawaiʻi Emergency Management Agency, and the USACE (NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, 2017).Before Hazus was run for future conditions, it was run for the current conditions and compared to the FEMA regulatory floodplain to determine model accuracy. This also helped determine the stillwater elevation for the large gaps between some transects in the FIS. Hazus was run at 0.5-foot stillwater level intervals and the results were compared to the existing Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM). The interval of 0.5-feet was chosen as a small enough step to result in a near approximation of the FIRM while not being too impractically narrow to require the testing of dozens of input elevations. The elevation which matched up best was used as the current base flood elevation.Key steps in modeling the projected 1%CFZ with sea level rise include: (1) generating a contiguous (no gaps along the shoreline) and present-day 1%-annual-chance stillwater elevation based on the most recent FIS, (2) elevating the present-day 1%-annual-chance stillwater elevation by adding projected sea level rise heights, and (3) modeling the projected 1%-annual-chance coastal flood with sea level rise in HAZUS using the 1%-annual-chance wave setup and run-up from the FIS. The 1%CFZ extent and depth was generated using the HAZUS 3.2 coastal flood risk assessment model, 3-meter DEM, the FIS for each island, and the IPCC AR5 upper sea level projection for RCP 8.5 scenario for 0.6 feet, 1.0 feet, 2.0 feet, and 3.2 feet of sea level rise above MHHW (IPCC, 2014). The HAZUS output includes the estimated spatial extent of coastal flooding as well as an estimated flood depth map grid for the four sea level rise projections.Using the current floodplain generated with Hazus, the projected 1%-annual-chance stillwater elevation was generated using the four sea level rise projections. This stillwater elevation with sea level rise was used as a basis for modeling. The projected 1%-annual coastal flood with sea level rise was modeled in Hazus using the current 1%-annual-chance wave setup and run-up from the FIS and the projected 1%-annual-chance stillwater elevation with sea level rise. Statewide GIS Program staff extracted individual island layers for ease of downloading. A statewide layer is also available as a REST service, and is available for download from the Statewide GIS geoportal at https://geoportal.hawaii.gov/, or at the Program's legacy download site at https://planning.hawaii.gov/gis/download-gis-data-expanded/#009. For additional information, please refer to summary metadata at https://files.hawaii.gov/dbedt/op/gis/data/coastal_flood_zones_summary.pdf or contact Hawaii Statewide GIS Program, Office of Planning and Sustainable Development, State of Hawaii; PO Box 2359, Honolulu, Hi. 96804; (808) 587-2846; email: gis@hawaii.gov.