The Terra and Aqua combined Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Cover Type (MCD12Q1) Version 6.1 data product provides global land cover types at yearly intervals. The MCD12Q1 Version 6.1 data product is derived using supervised classifications of MODIS Terra and Aqua reflectance data. Land cover types are derived from the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), University of Maryland (UMD), Leaf Area Index (LAI), BIOME-Biogeochemical Cycles (BGC), and Plant Functional Types (PFT) classification schemes. The supervised classifications then underwent additional post-processing that incorporate prior knowledge and ancillary information to further refine specific classes. Additional land cover property assessment layers are provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) for land cover, land use, and surface hydrology. Layers for Land Cover Type 1-5, Land Cover Property 1-3, Land Cover Property Assessment 1-3, Land Cover Quality Control (QC), and a Land Water Mask are also provided. Documentation: User's Guide Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD) General Documentation

These data are a copy of MODIS data from the NASA Level-1 and Atmosphere Archive & Distribution System (LAADS) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The copy is potentially only a subset. Below is the description from https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/missions-and-measurements/products/MCD12Q1 The MODIS Land Cover Type product contains multiple classification schemes, which describe land cover properties derived from observations spanning a year's input of Terra and Aqua data. The primary land cover scheme identifies 17 land cover classes defined by the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme (IGBP), which includes 11 natural vegetation classes, 3 developed and mosiacked land classes, and three non-vegetated land classes. The MODIS Terra + Aqua Land Cover Type Yearly L3 Global 500 m SIN Grid product incorporates five different land cover classification schemes, derived through a supervised decision-tree classification method: Land Cover Type 1: IGBP global vegetation classification schemeLand Cover Type 2: University of Maryland (UMD) schemeLand Cover Type 3: MODIS-derived LAI/fPAR schemeLand Cover Type 4: MODIS-derived Net Primary Production (NPP) schemeLand Cover Type 5: Plant Functional Type (PFT) scheme Additional layers include a Land Cover Type Assessment SDS, a Land Cover Percent SDS, and a Land Cover Quality Control SDS. Collection 5.1 Land Cover Type products are produced with revised training data and certain algorithm refinements. For further details, please consult the following paper: Friedl, M. A., Sulla-Menashe, D., Tan, B., Schneider, A., Ramankutty, N., Sibley, A., andHuang, X. (2010). MODIS Collection 5 global land cover: Algorithm refinements and characterization of new datasets. Remote Sensing of Environment, 114, 168-182. Shortname: MCD12Q1 , Platform: Combined Aqua Terra , Instrument: MODIS , Processing Level: Level-3 , Spatial Resolution: 500 m , Temporal Resolution: annual , ArchiveSets: 6 , Collection: MODIS Collection 6 (ArchiveSet 6) , PGE Number: PGE41 , File Naming Convention: MCD12Q1.AYYYYDDD.hHHvVV.CCC.YYYYDDDHHMMSS.hdf AAYYYYDDD = Acquisition Year and Day of Year hHH = Horizontal tile number (0-35) vVV = Vertical tile number (0-17) CCC = Collection number YYYYDDDHHMMSS = Production Date and Time , Citation: Mark Friedl, Damien Sulla-Menashe - Boston University and MODAPS SIPS - NASA. (2015). MCD12Q1 MODIS/Terra+Aqua Land Cover Type Yearly L3 Global 500m SIN Grid. NASA LP DAAC. http://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MCD12Q1.006 , Keywords: Climate Change, Climate Modeling, Land Cover

General Description

The yearly land use and land cover dataset is derived from MCD12Q1 v061. This data provides an yearly mosaics of land use and land cover data from 2001 to 2022 in cloud optimized Geotiff (COG) format. This dataset includes layers of land cover type 1 (t1), 2 (t2), and 5 (t5), land cover property 1 (p1) and 2 (p2), land cover property assessment 1 (p1a) and 2 (p2a), and land cover quality control (qc).

Data Details

• Time period: 2001–2022
• Type of data: Land cover and land use
• How the data was collected or derived: Derived from MCD12Q1 v061 using Google Earth Engine.
• Statistical methods used: None
• Limitations or exclusions in the data: The dataset does not include data for Antarctica.
• Coordinate reference system: EPSG:4326
• Bounding box (Xmin, Ymin, Xmax, Ymax): (-180.00000, -62.00081, 179.99994, 87.37000)
• Spatial resolution: 1/120 d.d. = 0.008333333 (1km)
• Image size: 86,400 x 35,849
• File format: Cloud optimized Geotiff.

Support

If you discover a bug, artifact, or inconsistency, or if you have a question please use some of the following channels:

• Technical issues and questions about the code: GitLab Issues
• General questions and comments: LandGIS Forum

Name convention

To ensure consistency and ease of use across and within the projects, we follow the standard Open-Earth-Monitor file-naming convention. The convention works with 10 fields that describes important properties of the data. In this way users can search files, prepare data analysis etc, without needing to open files. The fields are:

1. generic variable name: lc = Land cover
2. variable procedure combination: mcd12q1v061.t1 = MCD12Q1 v061 LC Type1 band
3. Position in the probability distribution / variable type: c = class | p = probability
4. Spatial support: 500m
5. Depth reference: s = surface
6. Time reference begin time: 20010101 = 2001-01-01
7. Time reference end time: 20011231 = 2001-12-31
8. Bounding box: go = global (without Antarctica)
9. EPSG code: epsg.4326 = EPSG:4326
10. Version code: v20230818 = creation date

The MCD12Q1 V6 product provides global land cover types at yearly intervals (2001-2016) derived from six different classification schemes. It is derived using supervised classifications of MODIS Terra and Aqua reflectance data. The supervised classifications then undergo additional post-processing that incorporate prior knowledge and ancillary information to further refine specific classes.

The band selected in this dataset is the LC_Prop1 which represents the FAO-Land Cover Classification System 1 (LCCS1) land cover layer. The LC_Prop1 Class Table is provided by Google Earth Engine website at https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/MODIS_006_MCD12Q1#bands

Citation:

Please visit LP DAAC 'Citing Our Data' page for information on citing LP DAAC datasets

Contact points:

Resource Contact: NASA LP DAAC at the USGS EROS Center

Metadata Contact: FAO-Data

Resource constraints:

MODIS data and products acquired through the LP DAAC have no restrictions on subsequent use, sale, or redistribution.

Online resources:

LPDAAC-USGS (NASA Earth Data) Website onMODIS/Terra+Aqua Land Cover Type Yearly L3 Global 500 m SIN Grid

Earth Engine Data Catalog

The MCD12Q1 Version 6 data product was decommissioned on July 31, 2023. Users are encouraged to use the MCD12Q1 Version 6.1 data product.

The Terra and Aqua combined Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Cover Type (MCD12Q1) Version 6 data product provides global land cover types at yearly intervals (2001-2020), derived from six different classification schemes listed in the User Guide. The MCD12Q1 Version 6 data product is derived using supervised classifications of MODIS Terra and Aqua reflectance data. The supervised classifications then undergo additional post-processing that incorporate prior knowledge and ancillary information to further refine specific classes.

Layers for Land Cover Type 1-5, Land Cover Property 1-3, Land Cover Property Assessment 1-3, Land Cover Quality Control (QC), and a Land Water Mask are provided in each MCD12Q1 Version 6 Hierarchical Data Format 4 (HDF4) file.

Known Issues * The "units" field is missing in the metadata, however, this information can be found in the table above or on page 5 of the User Guide. * Known issues are described on pages 3 and 4 of the User Guide. * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

Improvements/Changes from Previous Version * Version 5 used five classification schemes whereas Version 6 uses six classification schemes, including an entirely new classification scheme based on the Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) from the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). * New gap-filled spectro-temporal features developed by applying smoothing splines to the Nadir Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)-Adjusted Reflectance (NBAR) time series. This change results in significant changes between land cover classifications in Version 5 and Version 6 data. * Algorithm used in Version 6 includes a post-processing Hidden Markov Model (HMM) that reduces spurious year-to-year variation in class labels. * Algorithm refinements were implemented in upstream MODIS data used as inputs, such as the cloud mask, surface reflectance, and NBAR data products. * The value of "Water" in the IGBP classification scheme has changed from "0" to "17." * The data product should not be used to determine post-classification land cover change between years due to the uncertainty in the land cover labels for any one year. More information can be found on page 2 of the User Guide. * File size is smaller due to HDF internal compression.

Decommissioned product.

The Land Cover Type Yearly Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) is a lower spatial resolution (0.05°) product, which provides the dominant land cover type and also the sub-grid frequency distribution of land cover classes. The CMG product (Short name: MCD12C1) is derived using the same algorithm that produces the Global 500 m Land Cover Type product (MCD12Q1). It contains three classification schemes, which describe the land cover properties derived from observations spanning a year’s input of Terra and Aqua MODIS data. The primary land cover scheme identifies 17 land cover classes defined by the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme (IGBP), which includes 11 natural vegetation classes, 3 developed and mosaicked land classes, and 3 non-vegetated land classes. It includes the following three classification schemes, derived through a supervised decision-tree classification method:

Land Cover Type 1: IGBP global vegetation classification scheme Land Cover Type 2: University of Maryland (UMD) scheme Land Cover Type 3: MODIS-derived LAI/FPAR scheme

Additional layers include a Land Cover Type Assessment SDS, a Land Cover Percent SDS, and a Land Cover Quality Control SDS.

V005 Data Set Characteristics (decommissioned): Area: Global Image Dimensions: LC Type: 3600 x 7200 (rows/columns) LC Percent: rows/columns/number of LC classes File Size: ~1200 MB Resolution: 0.05° (~5600 m) Projection: Geographic Data Format: HDF-EOS Science Data Sets (HDF SDS Layers): 10

The MCD12C1 Version 6 data product was decommissioned on July 31, 2023. Users are encouraged to use the MCD12C1 Version 6.1 data product.The Terra and Aqua combined Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Cover Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) (MCD12C1) Version 6 data product provides a spatially aggregated and reprojected version of the tiled MCD12Q1 Version 6 data product. Maps of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), University of Maryland (UMD), and Leaf Area Index (LAI) classification schemes are provided at yearly intervals at 0.05 degree (5,600 meter) spatial resolution for the entire globe from 2001 to 2020. Additionally, sub-pixel proportions of each land cover class in each 0.05 degree pixel is provided along with the aggregated quality assessment information for each of the three land classification schemes. Provided in each MCD12C1 Version 6 Hierarchical Data Format 4 (HDF4) file are layers for Majority Land Cover Type 1-3, Majority Land Cover Type 1-3 Assessment, and Majority Land Cover Type 1-3 Percent.Known Issues* Known issues are described on pages 3 and 4 of the User Guide.* For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.Improvements/Changes from Previous Version* Updated to include the improvements and changes made for the MCD12Q1 Version 6 data product.* Version 6 does not include a Majority Land Cover Type Quality Control (QC) Layer.* Land_Cover_Type_Percent_1, Land_Cover_Type_Percent_2, Land_Cover_Type_Percent_3 layers have up to 17 dimensions and include the sub-pixel proportions of the IGBP, UMD, and LAI classes in each 0.05 degree pixel.* The IGBP classification scheme legend used differs from the legend used for the MCD12Q1 Version 6 data product and can be found on page 16 of the User Guide.* The data product should not be used to determine post-classification land cover change between years due to the uncertainty in the land cover labels for any one year. More information can be found on page 2 of the User Guide.

The MODIS Land Cover Type product (Short Name: MCD12Q1) provides data characterizing five global land cover classification systems. In addition, it also provides a land cover type assessment, and quality control information. (Text from https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/modis_products_table/mcd12q1).

Data are derived from the MODIS Land Products that are distributed by the LPDAAC as tiles from a global sinusoidal projection. Tiles for selected products for Australia have been downloaded and then mosaiced and remapped using the Modis Reprojection Tool (MRT). The products have been split into individual bands to reduce file size and have been reformatted to ensure consistency in SDS and attribute nomenclature.

The Terra and Aqua combined Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Cover Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) (MCD12C1) Version 6.1 data product provides a spatially aggregated and reprojected version of the tiled MCD12Q1 Version 6.1 data product. Maps of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), University of Maryland (UMD), and Leaf Area Index (LAI) classification schemes are provided at yearly intervals at 0.05 degree (5,600 meter) spatial resolution for the entire globe from 2001 to 2022. Additionally, sub-pixel proportions of each land cover class in each 0.05 degree pixel is provided along with the aggregated quality assessment information for each of the three land classification schemes.

Provided in each MCD12C1 Version 6.1 Hierarchical Data Format 4 (HDF4) file are layers for Majority Land Cover Type 1-3, Majority Land Cover Type 1-3 Assessment, and Majority Land Cover Type 1-3 Percent.

Known Issues * Known issues are described in Section 2.2 of the User Guide. * For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.

Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions * The Version 6.1 Level-1B (L1B) products have been improved by undergoing various calibration changes that include: changes to the response-versus-scan angle (RVS) approach that affects reflectance bands for Aqua and Terra MODIS, corrections to adjust for the optical crosstalk in Terra MODIS infrared (IR) bands, and corrections to the Terra MODIS forward look-up table (LUT) update for the period 2012 - 2017. * A polarization correction has been applied to the L1B Reflective Solar Bands (RSB). * The MCD12C1 Version 6.1 product has a minor fix to UMD Land Cover Class.

The MODIS Land Cover data (MCD12Q1_v06) is processed according to the data from the Terra and Aqua observations in one year to describe the type of land cover. The land cover dataset contains 17 major land cover types, according to the International Geosphere Biosphere Programme (IGBP), which includes 11 natural vegetation types, 3 land development and mosaic land types, and 3 non-grass land type definition classes. . 1- Evergreen coniferous forest; 2- Evergreen broad-leaved forest; 3-deciduous coniferous forest; 4-deciduous broad-leaved forest; 5-mixed forest; 6-closed shrublands; 7-open shrublands; 8-woody savannas; 9-savannas; 10 - grasslands; 11- permanent wetlands; 12- croplands; 13 - urban and built-up lands; 14 - croplands/natural vegetation mosaics; 15- Permanent snow and ice; 16-barren; 17-water In order to facilitate the user's convenience, on the basis of the block data, we will splicing all the blocks in 0-90N and 0-180E without any resampling processing. The dataset has 500 m resolution with Sinusoidal projection. The data download address: https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/search/order/1/MCD12Q1-6

SpatioTemporal Asset Catalog (STAC) Item - lc_mcd12q1v061.p1_20100101_20101231 in lc_mcd12q1v061.p1

Alignment matrix between the Hawaii-specific and MCD12Q1 land cover products.

The MCD12Q1 Version 6 data product was decommissioned on July 31, 2023. Users are encouraged to use the MCD12Q1 Version 6.1 data product.The Terra and Aqua combined Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Cover Type (MCD12Q1) Version 6 data product provides global land cover types at yearly intervals (2001-2020), derived from six different classification schemes listed in the User Guide. The MCD12Q1 Version 6 data product is derived using supervised classifications of MODIS Terra and Aqua reflectance data. The supervised classifications then undergo additional post-processing that incorporate prior knowledge and ancillary information to further refine specific classes.Layers for Land Cover Type 1-5, Land Cover Property 1-3, Land Cover Property Assessment 1-3, Land Cover Quality Control (QC), and a Land Water Mask are provided in each MCD12Q1 Version 6 Hierarchical Data Format 4 (HDF4) file.Known Issues The "units" field is missing in the metadata, however, this information can be found in the table above or on page 5 of the User Guide. Known issues are described on pages 3 and 4 of the User Guide. For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.Improvements/Changes from Previous Version Version 5 used five classification schemes whereas Version 6 uses six classification schemes, including an entirely new classification scheme based on the Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) from the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO). New gap-filled spectro-temporal features developed by applying smoothing splines to the Nadir Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)-Adjusted Reflectance (NBAR) time series. This change results in significant changes between land cover classifications in Version 5 and Version 6 data. Algorithm used in Version 6 includes a post-processing Hidden Markov Model (HMM) that reduces spurious year-to-year variation in class labels. Algorithm reï¬nements were implemented in upstream MODIS data used as inputs, such as the cloud mask, surface reflectance, and NBAR data products. The value of "Water" in the IGBP classification scheme has changed from "0" to "17." The data product should not be used to determine post-classification land cover change between years due to the uncertainty in the land cover labels for any one year. More information can be found on page 2 of the User Guide. File size is smaller due to HDF internal compression.

The FireTracks Scientific Dataset is based on the MODIS Fire Products MOD14A1/MYD14A1 and the MODIS Land Cover Product MCD12Q1. It entails HDF5-tables/GeoPackages of active fire events, spatiotemporal components of fire events and associated land cover information.

For detailed information, please see https://github.com/dominiktraxl/firetracks.

A command line interface (CLI) to convert the HDF5 files provided in this repository to CSV files is available at the above link.

Version of original data used to create the FireTracks Scientific Dataset (v1.0.0):

MOD14A1: Collection 6 (C6)

MYD14A1: Collection 6 (C6)

MCD12Q1: Collection 6 (C6)

The FireTracks Scientific Dataset (v1.0.0) covers the years from 2002 to the end of the year 2020.

2001 to 2012 OGC WMS global datasets derived from the MODIS Land Cover Type Yearly L3 Global 500 m SIN Grid (MCD12Q1), version 051, Land Cover Type 1 (IGBP) acquired from the NASA Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center (LP DAAC).

The Terra and Aqua combined Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Cover Climate Modeling Grid (CMG) (MCD12C1) Version 6.1 data product provides a spatially aggregated and reprojected version of the tiled MCD12Q1 Version 6.1 data product. Maps of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), University of Maryland (UMD), and Leaf Area Index (LAI) classification schemes are provided at yearly intervals at 0.05 degree (5,600 meter) spatial resolution for the entire globe from 2001 to 2022. Additionally, sub-pixel proportions of each land cover class in each 0.05 degree pixel is provided along with the aggregated quality assessment information for each of the three land classification schemes. Provided in each MCD12C1 Version 6.1 Hierarchical Data Format 4 (HDF4) file are layers for Majority Land Cover Type 1-3, Majority Land Cover Type 1-3 Assessment, and Majority Land Cover Type 1-3 Percent.Known Issues Known issues are described in Section 2.2 of the User Guide. For complete information about known issues please refer to the MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website.Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions The Version 6.1 Level-1B (L1B) products have been improved by undergoing various calibration changes that include: changes to the response-versus-scan angle (RVS) approach that affects reflectance bands for Aqua and Terra MODIS, corrections to adjust for the optical crosstalk in Terra MODIS infrared (IR) bands, and corrections to the Terra MODIS forward look-up table (LUT) update for the period 2012 - 2017. A polarization correction has been applied to the L1B Reflective Solar Bands (RSB).* The MCD12C1 Version 6.1 product has a minor fix to UMD Land Cover Class.

The Land use (MODIS MCD12Q1) transition matrix of Ordos from 2001 to 2015 (km2).

Land cover dataset of MODIS is a product that describes the types of land cover based on the data obtained from Terra and Aqua observations for one year. The land cover dataset contains 17 major land cover types, including 11 natural vegetation types, 3 land development and mosaic types and 3 non-vegetation land types according to the International Geosphere Biosphere Project (IGBP). MCD12Q1 adopts five different land cover classification schemes. The main technology of information extraction is supervised decision tree classification. Based on MCD12Q1 data from 2001 to 2016, MatLab was used to tailor the masks of 18 key nodes in Southeast Asia and middle East. Finally, the annual land cover dataset of 18 key nodes in Southeast Asia from 2001 to 2016 was obtained.

SpatioTemporal Asset Catalog (STAC) Item - lc_mcd12q1v061.p1_20140101_20141231 in lc_mcd12q1v061.p1

This landcover dataset has a ≈500m spatial resolution, a global spatial extent, and an annual temporal resolution. It is the IGBP layer found within the MODIS annual landcover product MCD12Q1.Data are stored as TIFF files and access to these provided here via an ArcGIS mosaic dataset. The mosaic dataset contains a function template to render the rasters in a suitable colour range for normal display; alternatively this can be turned off to give access to the raw pixel valuesfor analysis. The mosaic dataset is time-aware and the time slider functionality can be used to scan through the annual images.