According to a survey performed in the United Kingdom (UK) in March 2020, 24 percent of respondents stated their workplace was offering sanitization products eg. hand sanitizer, wipes to help protect employees against coronavirus (COVID-19), while an additional 19 percent reported receiving regular communication about the virus at their workplace. However, 21 percent of respondents mention that nothing had changed in their workplace policy to manage the spread of coronavirus and business was running as usual. For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

As with the first three regulations imposed by the National Committee for Special Emergency Situations, the next measures taken by the Romanian authorities against the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) in Romania benefited from a high percentage of approval from the population and were considered to be qualitative. The only measure that was received with a slight disagreement involved helping the Romanian citizens who returned to Romania from abroad. For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

Data from simulations of COVID-19 spread in Sweden under different public-health measures. Results from individual-based models.

Multiple populations are ubiquitous in the old massive globular clusters (GCs) of the Milky Way. It is still unclear how they arose during the formation of a GC. The topic of iron and metallicity variations has recently attracted attention with the measurement of iron variations among the primordial population (P1) stars of Galactic GCs. We use the spectra of more than 8000 RGB stars in 21 Galactic GCs observed with MUSE to derive individual stellar metallicities [M/H]. For each cluster, we use the HST photometric catalogs to separate the stars into two main populations (P1 and P2). We measure the metallicity spread within the primordial population of each cluster by combining our metallicity measurements with the stars {Delta}F275W,F814W pseudo-color. We also derive metallicity dispersions ({sigma}[M/H]) for the P1 and P2 stars of each GC. In all but three GCs, we measure a significant correlation between the metallicity and the {Delta}F275W,F814W pseudo-color of the P1 stars such that stars with larger {Delta_F275W,F814W_ have higher metallicities. We measure metallicity spreads that range from 0.03 to 0.24dex and correlate with the GC masses. As for the intrinsic metallicity dispersions, when combining the P1 and P2 stars, we measure values ranging from 0.02 dex to 0.08dex that correlate very well with the GC masses. We compared the metallicity dispersion among the P1 and P2 stars and found that the P2 stars have metallicity dispersions that are smaller or equal to that of the P1 stars. We find that both the metallicity spreads of the P1 stars (from the {Delta_F275W,F814W_ spread in the chromosome maps) and the metallicity dispersions ({sigma_[M/H]_) correlate with the GC masses, as predicted by some theoretical self-enrichment models presented in the literature.

Yearly citation counts for the publication titled "Field Probes Performance for the Measurement of Spread-Spectrum Radio Signals".

Statistical data on the number of violators of precautionary and preventive measures to limit the spread of the coronavirus in Qatar, categorized by nationality, gender, and type of crime.

A set of 6 experiments was performed on poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA. In each test, samples (i.e., 2.44 m tall, 0.61 m wide slabs of PMMA mounted in a parallel panel configuration) were exposed to a propane burner (nominal heat release rate, HRR = 60 kW), which was turned off after sustained flaming was observed across the panel walls. Flames were allowed to spread upward across the panels and continue burning until self-extinction following complete sample burnout.Measurement data obtained in this test series includes:Time-resolved measurements of fire size (kW), soot generation, and gaseous species (CO and CO2) production;Spatially resolved measurements of flame to wall heat transfer [kW/m2];Radiative heat flux at a distance[kW/m2];Initial and final sample mass;Photographs and video of material ignition and fire growth behaviorData will be made publicly available on the MaCFP Repo: https://github.com/MaCFP/macfp-db/tree/master/Fire_Growth/NIST_Parallel_Panel

Measurement data for monitoring radioactivity in the environment, food and feed

Measurement data for monitoring radioactivity in the environment, food and feed

In 2022, around 55 percent of adults in the United States stated that COVID-19 vaccination had been extremely or very effective at limiting the spread of coronavirus, while only around 34 percent of adults stated the same for staying at least 6 feet apart from other people indoors. This statistic illustrates the percentage of adults in the United States in 2022 who believed select measures have been effective at limiting the spread of COVID-19.

Measures taken in relation to the cat to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

Measurement data for monitoring radioactivity in the environment, in food and feed

Measurement data for monitoring radioactivity in the environment, in food and feed

The guidance identifies core personal and community-based public health measures to mitigate the transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

General Information

This contains the data for the publication:

Tokita CK, Aslett K, Godel WP, Sanderson Z, Tucker JA, Nagler J, Persily N, Bonneau RA. (2024). Measuring receptivity to misinformation at scale on a social media platform. PNAS Nexus.

Please see the above peer-reviewed article that resulted from this data for more details.

Raw and original data are located in the `data/` directory, while data that is generated from intermediate analysis is found in the `data_derived/` directory.

Please see the directory in the Github repository https://github.com/christokita/news-belief-at-scale for the code that analyzes this data and generates derived data. The code expects both the `data/` and `data_derived/` folders to reside within the same directory.

We also included a README with a description of each directory and subdirectory of the data.

Abstract (for main paper)

Measuring the impact of online misinformation is challenging. Traditional measures, such as user views or shares on social media, are incomplete because not everyone who is exposed to misinformation is equally likely to believe it. To address this issue, we developed a method that combines survey data with observational Twitter data to probabilistically estimate the number of users both exposed to and likely to believe a specific news story. As a proof of concept, we applied this method to 139 viral news articles and find that although false news reaches an audience with diverse political views, users who are both exposed and receptive to believing false news tend to have more extreme ideologies. These receptive users are also more likely to encounter misinformation earlier than those who are unlikely to believe it. This mismatch between overall user exposure and receptive user exposure underscores the limitation of relying solely on exposure or interaction data to measure the impact of misinformation, as well as the challenge of implementing effective interventions. To demonstrate how our approach can address this challenge, we then conducted data-driven simulations of common interventions used by social media platforms. We find that these interventions are only modestly effective at reducing exposure among users likely to believe misinformation, and their effectiveness quickly diminishes unless implemented soon after misinformation's initial spread. Our paper provides a more precise estimate of misinformation's impact by focusing on the exposure of users likely to believe it, offering insights for effective mitigation strategies on social media.

Significance Statement (for main paper)

As social media platforms grapple with misinformation, our study offers a new approach to measure its spread and impact. By combining survey data with social media data, we estimate not only the number of users exposed to false (and true) news but also the number of users likely to believe these news stories. We find that the impact of misinformation is not evenly distributed, with ideologically extreme users being more likely to see and believe false content, often encountering it before others. Our simulations suggest that current interventions may have limited effectiveness in reducing the exposure of receptive users. These findings highlight the need to consider individual user receptiveness when measuring misinformation's impact and developing policies to combat its spread.

Measurement data for monitoring radioactivity in the environment, food and feed

Given that the coronavirus pandemic still represents an important concern in Romania, 66 percent of respondents believed that if the elections would take place in the fall of 2020, as scheduled, supporting signatures should be eliminated. At the same time, more than half of respondents were of the opinion that the number of required signatures should be lower this year.

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BackgroundIn March 2022, the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 spread rapidly in Shanghai, China. The city adopted strict non-pharmacological intervention (NPI) measures, including lockdown (implemented on March 28 in Pudong and April 1 in Puxi) and blanket PCR testing (April 4). This study aims to understand the effect of these measures.MethodsWe tabulated daily case counts from official reports and fitted a two-patch stochastic SEIR model to the data for the period of March 19 to April 21. This model considered two regions in Shanghai, namely Pudong and Puxi, as the implementation of control measures in Shanghai was carried out on different dates in these regions. We verified our fitting results using the data from April 22 to June 26. Finally, we applied the point estimate of parameter values to simulate our model while varying the dates of control measure implementation, and studied the effectiveness of the control measures.ResultsOur point estimate for the parameter values yields expected case counts that agree well the data for both the periods from March 19 to April 21 and from April 22 to June 26. Lockdown did not significantly reduce the intra-region transmission rates. Only about 21% cases were reported. The underlying basic reproduction number R0 was 1.7, and the control reproduction number with both lockdown and blanket PCR testing was 1.3. If both measures were implemented on March 19, only about 5.9% infections would be prevented.ConclusionsThrough our analysis, we found that NPI measures implemented in Shanghai were not sufficient to reduce the reproduction number to below unity. Thus, earlier intervention only has limited effect on reducing cases. The outbreak dies out because of only 27% of the population were active in disease transmission, possibly due to a combination of vaccination and lockdown.

‘SQ’ denotes the squared returns measure of volatility, ‘GK’ denotes the Garman-Klass measure while ‘RS’ denotes the Rogers-Satchell measure.