According to a survey performed in the United Kingdom (UK) in March 2020, 24 percent of respondents stated their workplace was offering sanitization products eg. hand sanitizer, wipes to help protect employees against coronavirus (COVID-19), while an additional 19 percent reported receiving regular communication about the virus at their workplace. However, 21 percent of respondents mention that nothing had changed in their workplace policy to manage the spread of coronavirus and business was running as usual. For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

Question Paper Solutions of chapter Measures of Dispersion of Fundamentals of Statistics, 1st Semester , Bachelor of Business Administration

As with the first three regulations imposed by the National Committee for Special Emergency Situations, the next measures taken by the Romanian authorities against the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) in Romania benefited from a high percentage of approval from the population and were considered to be qualitative. The only measure that was received with a slight disagreement involved helping the Romanian citizens who returned to Romania from abroad. For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

Question Paper Solutions of chapter Measures of Dispersion of Basic Mathematics & Statistics, 2nd Semester , Bachelor in Business Administration (Hons.) 2023-2024

Dataset description This dataset contains background data and supplementary material for Sönning (forthcoming), a study that looks at the behavior of dispersion measures when applied to text-level frequency data. For the literature survey reported in that study, which examines how dispersion measures are used in corpus-based work, it includes tabular files listing the 730 research articles that were examined as well as annotations for those studies that measured dispersion in the corpus-linguistic (and lexicographic) sense. As for the corpus data that were used to train the statistical model parameters underlying the simulation study reported in that paper, the dataset contains a term-document matrix for the 49,604 unique word forms (after conversion to lower-case) that occur in the Brown Corpus. Further, R scripts are included that document in detail how the Brown Corpus XML files, which are available from the Natural Language Toolkit (Bird et al. 2009; https://www.nltk.org/), were processed to produce this data arrangement. Abstract: Related publication This paper offers a survey of recent corpus-based work, which shows that dispersion is typically measured across the text files in a corpus. Systematic insights into the behavior of measures in such distributional settings are currently lacking, however. After a thorough discussion of six prominent indices, we investigate their behavior on relevant frequency distributions, which are designed to mimic actual corpus data. Our evaluation considers different distributional settings, i.e. various combinations of frequency and dispersion values. The primary focus is on the response of measures to relatively high and low sub-frequencies, i.e. texts in which the item or structure of interest is over- or underrepresented (if not absent). We develop a simple method for constructing sensitivity profiles, which allow us to draw instructive comparisons among measures. We observe that these profiles vary considerably across distributional settings. While D and DP appear to show the most balanced response contours, our findings suggest that much work remains to be done to understand the performance of measures on items with normalized frequencies below 100 per million words.

Data from simulations of COVID-19 spread in Sweden under different public-health measures. Results from individual-based models.

There are many open questions pertaining to the statistical analysis of random objects, which are increasingly encountered. A major challenge is the absence of linear operations in such spaces. A basic statistical task is to quantify statistical dispersion or spread. For two measures of dispersion for data objects in geodesic metric spaces, Fréchet variance and metric variance, we derive a central limit theorem (CLT) for their joint distribution. This analysis reveals that the Alexandrov curvature of the geodesic space determines the relationship between these two dispersion measures. This suggests a novel test for inferring the curvature of a space based on the asymptotic distribution of the dispersion measures. We demonstrate how this test can be employed to detect the intrinsic curvature of an unknown underlying space, which emerges as a joint property of the space and the underlying probability measure that generates the random objects. We investigate the asymptotic properties of the test and its finite-sample behavior for various data types, including distributional data and point cloud data. We illustrate the proposed inference for intrinsic curvature of random objects using gait synchronization data represented as symmetric positive definite matrices and energy compositional data on the sphere.

Graph and download economic data for Leading Indicators OECD: Component Series: Interest Rate Spread: Normalised for United States (USALOCOSINOSTSAM) from Jan 1960 to Dec 2023 about leading indicator and spread.

Statistical data on the number of violators of precautionary and preventive measures to limit the spread of the coronavirus in Qatar, categorized by nationality, gender, and type of crime.

Based on the results of a survey, 70 percent of Indian respondents stated that the government should follow up and track the health of all those who arrived in India from China and Singapore in the month preceding the survey to prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus. On the other hand, around two percent stated that they think precautionary measures were not needed as the virus is still a minor risk in India.

The country went into lockdown on March 25, 2020, the largest in the world, restricting 1.3 billion people.

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Fact and Figures page.

Coefficient of variation indicating the dispersion of data before and after normalization.

Given that the coronavirus pandemic still represents an important concern in Romania, 66 percent of respondents believed that if the elections would take place in the fall of 2020, as scheduled, supporting signatures should be eliminated. At the same time, more than half of respondents were of the opinion that the number of required signatures should be lower this year.

This dataset provides economic indicators used to monitor Iowa's economy and forecast future direction of economic activity in Iowa.

In Great Briatin, 88 percent of survey respondents believe that social distancing would be highly effective in reducing the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19). Additionally, the methods: closing down public places; isolating older people; and asking people to stay home as much as possible all recieved 86 percent of responses believing these methods to be effective in containing the spread of coronavirus. For further information about the coronavirus pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

Statistical measures extracted from the simulation results.

Updated daily, Monday - Friday This dashboard provides a snapshot of several useful indicators, or measures, related to COVID-19 activity in our community and its impact on our health and our hospitals. These indicators, along with many other data, are key considerations for reviewing current restrictions on activity, recommendations and precautions to prevent the spread of COVID-19. The indicators help determine if current actions are adequate, need to be strengthened, or might be carefully relaxed.

Synthetic and real dispersion measurements for paths across the Pacific, consists of 2 datasets; SS3DPacific_new - This is a data set of surface-wave dispersion measurements. The dispersion is measured between a synthetic reference seismogram (computed with normal-mode summation using the MINEOS software in the radial model stw105 from Kustowski et al., 2008), and a real observed seismogram. This data set is used by Latallerie et al. (2024) to build a Vs model of the Pacific upper-mantle with full 3D resolution and uncertainty using SOLA inversion (Zaroli 2016) and finite-frequency theory (Zhou 2009). Data are for a set of source-receiver pairs for frequencies ranging from 6 to 21 mHz, every 1mHz. The measurement algorithm uses the multi-taper technique (Thompson 1982). The first 5 Slepians are used (Slepian 1978). A datum is the average of measurements over these tapers, and the uncertainty is the standard deviation. SS3DPacificSyn_new - This is a data set of surface-wave dispersion measurements. The dispersion is measured between a synthetic reference seismogram (computed with normal-mode summation using the MINEOS software in the radial model stw105 from Kustowski et al., 2008), and a synthetic seismogram computed using the spectral element method software Specfem in the 3D model S362ANI from Kustowski etl al. (2018). This data set is used by Latallerie et al. (2024) in a synthetic tomography study to retrieve the Vs structure of the input 3D model S362ANI in the Pacific upper-mantle with full 3D resolution and uncertainty using SOLA inversion (Zaroli 2016) and finite-frequency theory (Zhou 2009). Measurements are provided for source-receiver pairs for frequencies ranging from 6 to 21 mHz, every 1mHz. The measurement algorithm uses the multi-taper technique (Thompson 1982). The first 5 Slepians (Slepian 1978) are used. A datum is the average of measurements over these tapers, and the uncertainty is the standard deviation.

Abstract

The Ukraine Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) is a nationally representative survey of 6,841 women age 15-49 and 3,178 men age 15-49. Survey fieldwork was conducted during the period July through November 2007. The UDHS was conducted by the Ukrainian Center for Social Reforms in close collaboration with the State Statistical Committee of Ukraine. The MEASURE DHS Project provided technical support for the survey. The U.S. Agency for International Development/Kyiv Regional Mission to Ukraine, Moldova, and Belarus provided funding.

The survey is a nationally representative sample survey designed to provide information on population and health issues in Ukraine. The primary goal of the survey was to develop a single integrated set of demographic and health data for the population of the Ukraine.

The UDHS was conducted from July to November 2007 by the Ukrainian Center for Social Reforms (UCSR) in close collaboration with the State Statistical Committee (SSC) of Ukraine, which provided organizational and methodological support. Macro International Inc. provided technical assistance for the survey through the MEASURE DHS project. USAID/Kyiv Regional Mission to Ukraine, Moldova and Belarus provided funding for the survey through the MEASURE DHS project. MEASURE DHS is sponsored by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to assist countries worldwide in obtaining information on key population and health indicators.

The 2007 UDHS collected national- and regional-level data on fertility and contraceptive use, maternal health, adult health and life style, infant and child mortality, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. The survey obtained detailed information on these issues from women of reproductive age and, on certain topics, from men as well.

The results of the 2007 UDHS are intended to provide the information needed to evaluate existing social programs and to design new strategies for improving the health of Ukrainians and health services for the people of Ukraine. The 2007 UDHS also contributes to the growing international database on demographic and health-related variables.

MAIN RESULTS

• Fertility rates. A useful index of the level of fertility is the total fertility rate (TFR), which indicates the number of children a woman would have if she passed through the childbearing ages at the current age-specific fertility rates (ASFR). The TFR, estimated for the three-year period preceding the survey, is 1.2 children per woman. This is below replacement level.

• Contraception : Knowledge and ever use. Knowledge of contraception is widespread in Ukraine. Among married women, knowledge of at least one method is universal (99 percent). On average, married women reported knowledge of seven methods of contraception. Eighty-nine percent of married women have used a method of contraception at some time.

• Abortion rates. The use of abortion can be measured by the total abortion rate (TAR), which indicates the number of abortions a woman would have in her lifetime if she passed through her childbearing years at the current age-specific abortion rates. The UDHS estimate of the TAR indicates that a woman in Ukraine will have an average of 0.4 abortions during her lifetime. This rate is considerably lower than the comparable rate in the 1999 Ukraine Reproductive Health Survey (URHS) of 1.6. Despite this decline, among pregnancies ending in the three years preceding the survey, one in four pregnancies (25 percent) ended in an induced abortion.

• Antenatal care. Ukraine has a well-developed health system with an extensive infrastructure of facilities that provide maternal care services. Overall, the levels of antenatal care and delivery assistance are high. Virtually all mothers receive antenatal care from professional health providers (doctors, nurses, and midwives) with negligible differences between urban and rural areas. Seventy-five percent of pregnant women have six or more antenatal care visits; 27 percent have 15 or more ANC visits. The percentage is slightly higher in rural areas than in urban areas (78 percent compared with 73 percent). However, a smaller proportion of rural women than urban women have 15 or more antenatal care visits (23 percent and 29 percent, respectively).

• HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections : The currently low level of HIV infection in Ukraine provides a unique window of opportunity for early targeted interventions to prevent further spread of the disease. However, the increases in the cumulative incidence of HIV infection suggest that this window of opportunity is rapidly closing.

• Adult Health : The major causes of death in Ukraine are similar to those in industrialized countries (cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and accidents), but there is also a rising incidence of certain infectious diseases, such as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

• Women's status : Sixty-four percent of married women make decisions on their own about their own health care, 33 percent decide jointly with their husband/partner, and 1 percent say that their husband or someone else is the primary decisionmaker about the woman's own health care.

• Domestic Violence : Overall, 17 percent of women age 15-49 experienced some type of physical violence between age 15 and the time of the survey. Nine percent of all women experienced at least one episode of violence in the 12 months preceding the survey. One percent of the women said they had often been subjected to violent physical acts during the past year. Overall, the data indicate that husbands are the main perpetrators of physical violence against women.

• Human Trafficking : The UDHS collected information on respondents' awareness of human trafficking in Ukraine and, if applicable, knowledge about any household members who had been the victim of human trafficking during the three years preceding the survey. More than half (52 percent) of respondents to the household questionnaire reported that they had heard of a person experiencing this problem and 10 percent reported that they knew personally someone who had experienced human trafficking.

Geographic coverage

The survey is a nationally representative sample survey designed to provide information on population and health issues in Ukraine. The 27 administrative regions were grouped for this survey into five geographic regions: North, Central, East, South and West. The five geographic regions are the five study domains of the survey. The estimates obtained from the 2007 UDHS are presented for the country as a whole, for urban and rural areas, and for each of the five geographic regions.

Analysis unit

• Household
• Women age 15-49
• Men age 15-49

Universe

The population covered by the 2007 UDHS is defined as the universe of all women and men age 15-49 in Ukraine.

Kind of data

Sample survey data

Sampling procedure

The 2007 Ukraine Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) was the first survey of its kind carried out in Ukraine. The survey was a nationally representative sample survey of 15,000 households, with an expected yield of about 7,900 completed interviews of women age 15-49. It was designed to provide estimates on fertility, infant and child mortality, use of contraception and family planning, knowledge and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STI), and other family welfare and health indicators. Ukraine is made up of 24 oblasts, the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, and two special cities (Kyiv and Sevastopol), which together make up 27 administrative regions, each subdivided into lower-level administrative units. The 27 administrative regions were grouped for this survey into five geographic regions: North, Central, East, South and West. The five geographic regions are the five study domains of the survey. The estimates obtained from the 2007 UDHS are presented for the country as a whole, for urban and rural areas, and for each of the five geographic regions.

A men's survey was conducted at the same time as the women's survey, in a subsample consisting of one household in every two selected for the female survey. All men age 15-49 living in the selected households were eligible for the men's survey. The survey collected information on men's use of contraception and family planning and their knowledge and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STI).

SAMPLING FRAME

The sampling frame used for the 2007 UDHS was the Ukraine Population Census conducted in 2001 (SSC, 2003a), provided by the State Statistical Committee (SSC) of Ukraine. The sampling frame consisted of about 38 thousand enumeration areas (EAs) with an average of 400-500 households per EA. Each EA is subdivided into 4-5 enumeration units (EUs) with an average of 100 households per EU. An EA is a city block in urban areas; in rural areas, an EA is either a village or part of a large village, or a group of small villages (possibly plus a part of a large village). An EU is a list of addresses (in a neighborhood) that was used as a convenient counting unit for the census. Both EAs and EUs include information about the location, type of residence, address of each structure in it, and the number of households in each structure.

Census maps were available for most of the EAs with marked boundaries. In urban areas, the census maps have marked boundaries/locations of the EUs. In rural areas, the EUs are defined by detailed descriptions available at the SSC local office. Therefore, either the EA or the EU could be used as the primary sampling unit (PSU) for the 2007 UDHS. Because the EAs in urban areas are large (an average of 500 households), using

In April 2020, Russians named self-isolation and imposing fines as the most excessive measures in prevention of the spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19), each mentioned by 13 percent of respondents. Among the least excessive rules were the quarantine regime, police checks, not announcing emergency situation (as compared to nationwide non-working period), as well as closure of shops and small businesses.

As of October 2020, most respondents in Tunisia (65.8 percent) considered that health security measures adopted by schools to limit the spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19) were not adequate. According to the source, most people in the country stated that school infrastructure and equipment should be improved to aid in the protection of pupils and teachers.