VITAL SIGNS INDICATOR Income (EC4)

FULL MEASURE NAME Household income by place of residence

LAST UPDATED May 2019

DESCRIPTION Income reflects the median earnings of individuals and households from employment, as well as the income distribution by quintile. Income data highlight how employees are being compensated for their work on an inflation-adjusted basis.

DATA SOURCE U.S. Census Bureau: Decennial Census Count 4Pb (1970) Form STF3 (1980-1990) Form SF3a (2000) https://nhgis.org

U.S. Census Bureau: American Community Survey Form B19013 (2006-2017; place of residence) http://api.census.gov

Bureau of Labor Statistics: Consumer Price Index All Urban Consumers Data Table (1970-2017; specific to each metro area) http://data.bls.gov

CONTACT INFORMATION vitalsigns.info@bayareametro.gov

METHODOLOGY NOTES (across all datasets for this indicator) Income data reported in a given year reflects the income earned in the prior year (decennial Census) or in the prior 12 months (American Community Survey); note that this inconsistency has a minor effect on historical comparisons (for more information, go to: http://www.census.gov/acs/www/Downloads/methodology/ASA_nelson.pdf). American Community Survey 1-year data is used for larger geographies – metropolitan areas and counties – while smaller geographies rely upon 5-year rolling average data due to their smaller sample sizes. Quintile income for 1970-2000 is imputed from Decennial Census data using methodology from the California Department of Finance (for more information, go to: http://www.dof.ca.gov/Forecasting/Demographics/Census_Data_Center_Network/documents/How_to_Recalculate_a_Median.pdf). Bay Area income is the population weighted average of county-level income.

Income has been inflated using the Consumer Price Index specific to each metro area; however, some metro areas lack metro-specific CPI data back to 1970 and therefore adjusted data is unavailable for some historical data points. Note that current MSA boundaries were used for historical comparison by identifying counties included in today’s metro areas.

In 2022, San Francisco had the highest median household income of cities ranking within the top 25 in terms of population, with a median household income in of 136,692 U.S. dollars. In that year, San Jose in California was ranked second, and Seattle, Washington third.

Following a fall after the great recession, median household income in the United States has been increasing in recent years. As of 2022, median household income by state was highest in Maryland, Washington, D.C., Utah, and Massachusetts. It was lowest in Mississippi, West Virginia, and Arkansas. Families with an annual income of 25,000 and 49,999 U.S. dollars made up the largest income bracket in America, with about 25.26 million households.

Data on median household income can be compared to statistics on personal income in the U.S. released by the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Personal income rose to around 21.8 trillion U.S. dollars in 2022, the highest value recorded. Personal income is a measure of the total income received by persons from all sources, while median household income is “the amount with divides the income distribution into two equal groups,” according to the U.S. Census Bureau. Half of the population in question lives above median income and half lives below. Though total personal income has increased in recent years, this wealth is not distributed throughout the population. In practical terms, income of most households has decreased. One additional statistic illustrates this disparity: for the lowest quintile of workers, mean household income has remained more or less steady for the past decade at about 13 to 16 thousand constant U.S. dollars annually. Meanwhile, income for the top five percent of workers has actually risen from about 285,000 U.S. dollars in 1990 to about 499,900 U.S. dollars in 2020.

Graph and download economic data for Median Household Income in the United States (MEHOINUSA646N) from 1984 to 2023 about households, median, income, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Per Capita Personal Income in Columbus, OH (MSA) (COLU139PCPI) from 1969 to 2023 about Columbus, OH, personal income, per capita, personal, income, and USA.

VITAL SIGNS INDICATOR Income (EC4)

FULL MEASURE NAME Household income by place of residence

LAST UPDATED May 2019

DESCRIPTION Income reflects the median earnings of individuals and households from employment, as well as the income distribution by quintile. Income data highlight how employees are being compensated for their work on an inflation-adjusted basis.

DATA SOURCE U.S. Census Bureau: Decennial Census Count 4Pb (1970) Form STF3 (1980-1990) Form SF3a (2000) https://nhgis.org

U.S. Census Bureau: American Community Survey Form B19013 (2006-2017; place of residence) http://api.census.gov

Bureau of Labor Statistics: Consumer Price Index All Urban Consumers Data Table (1970-2017; specific to each metro area) http://data.bls.gov

CONTACT INFORMATION vitalsigns.info@bayareametro.gov

METHODOLOGY NOTES (across all datasets for this indicator) Income data reported in a given year reflects the income earned in the prior year (decennial Census) or in the prior 12 months (American Community Survey); note that this inconsistency has a minor effect on historical comparisons (for more information, go to: http://www.census.gov/acs/www/Downloads/methodology/ASA_nelson.pdf). American Community Survey 1-year data is used for larger geographies – metropolitan areas and counties – while smaller geographies rely upon 5-year rolling average data due to their smaller sample sizes. Quintile income for 1970-2000 is imputed from Decennial Census data using methodology from the California Department of Finance (for more information, go to: http://www.dof.ca.gov/Forecasting/Demographics/Census_Data_Center_Network/documents/How_to_Recalculate_a_Median.pdf). Bay Area income is the population weighted average of county-level income.

Income has been inflated using the Consumer Price Index specific to each metro area; however, some metro areas lack metro-specific CPI data back to 1970 and therefore adjusted data is unavailable for some historical data points. Note that current MSA boundaries were used for historical comparison by identifying counties included in today’s metro areas.

VITAL SIGNS INDICATOR Income (EC4)

FULL MEASURE NAME Household income by place of residence

LAST UPDATED May 2019

DESCRIPTION Income reflects the median earnings of individuals and households from employment, as well as the income distribution by quintile. Income data highlight how employees are being compensated for their work on an inflation-adjusted basis.

DATA SOURCE U.S. Census Bureau: Decennial Census Count 4Pb (1970) Form STF3 (1980-1990) Form SF3a (2000) https://nhgis.org

U.S. Census Bureau: American Community Survey Form B19013 (2006-2017; place of residence) http://api.census.gov

Bureau of Labor Statistics: Consumer Price Index All Urban Consumers Data Table (1970-2017; specific to each metro area) http://data.bls.gov

CONTACT INFORMATION vitalsigns.info@bayareametro.gov

METHODOLOGY NOTES (across all datasets for this indicator) Income data reported in a given year reflects the income earned in the prior year (decennial Census) or in the prior 12 months (American Community Survey); note that this inconsistency has a minor effect on historical comparisons (for more information, go to: http://www.census.gov/acs/www/Downloads/methodology/ASA_nelson.pdf). American Community Survey 1-year data is used for larger geographies – metropolitan areas and counties – while smaller geographies rely upon 5-year rolling average data due to their smaller sample sizes. Quintile income for 1970-2000 is imputed from Decennial Census data using methodology from the California Department of Finance (for more information, go to: http://www.dof.ca.gov/Forecasting/Demographics/Census_Data_Center_Network/documents/How_to_Recalculate_a_Median.pdf). Bay Area income is the population weighted average of county-level income.

Income has been inflated using the Consumer Price Index specific to each metro area; however, some metro areas lack metro-specific CPI data back to 1970 and therefore adjusted data is unavailable for some historical data points. Note that current MSA boundaries were used for historical comparison by identifying counties included in today’s metro areas.

Unemployment data are at a county level. Median income data are from the Oregon part of the Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA Metro Area.All data are disaggregated by race and/or ethnicity. Margins of error are provided for each estimate.

Household income statistics by household type (couple family, one-parent family, non-census family households) and household size for census metropolitan areas, tracted census agglomerations and census tracts.

Graph and download economic data for Per Capita Personal Income in Pittsburgh, PA (MSA) (PITT342PCPI) from 1969 to 2023 about Pittsburgh, PA, personal income, per capita, personal, income, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Per Capita Personal Income in Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV (MSA) (WASH911PCPI) from 1969 to 2023 about DC, Washington, MD, WV, VA, personal income, per capita, personal, income, and USA.

Median earnings of metro-area creative sector occupations in the Austin MSA

Income of individuals by age group, sex and income source, Canada, provinces and selected census metropolitan areas, annual.

This dataset supports measure CLL.B.1 of SD23 and identifies the median earnings of metro-area Creative Sector occupations by Bureau of Labor Statistics Standard Occupational Classifications System [SOC] codes. Data Source: 3rd party - Creative Vitality Suite Calculation: the middle of the earnings, among all SOC codes Measure Time Period: Annually (Calendar Year) Last update: April 2021 View more details and insights related to this data set on the story page: data.austintexas.gov/stories/s/jaia-eaet

In 2022, the annual salary needed to buy a median priced home in the United States was ****** U.S. dollars. However, in some of the largest metropolitan areas in the United States where housing prices are up to *** or ***** times higher, homebuyers would have to earn more than 100,000 U.S. dollars to afford a home. In San Jose, which was the most expensive metro in 2022, the annual salary needed for a median home was approximately ******* U.S. dollars.

Graph and download economic data for Per Capita Personal Income in Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY (MSA) (ALBA536PCPI) from 1969 to 2023 about Albany, personal income, NY, per capita, personal, income, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Real Median Household Income in the District of Columbia (MEHOINUSDCA672N) from 1984 to 2023 about DC, households, median, income, real, and USA.

HUD Income Limits are collected and published to determine the maximum income a household may earn to participate in certain housing subsidy programs. Home income limits from the year 2019 were used. Median income is developed for each metropolitan area (and applies to all counties in the metro area), and each non-metropolitan area (and is a county level measure). Data was obtained for communities in all 50 states, Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands. The calculations stem from median family income data provided by the Census and adjusted for certain local conditions.

Graph and download economic data for Per Capita Personal Income in Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI (MSA) (CHIC917PCPI) from 1969 to 2023 about Chicago, IL, IN, WI, personal income, per capita, personal, income, and USA.

This layer contains American Community Survey (ACS) 2016-2020 5-year estimates in order to determine if a Census tract is considered an opportunity zone/low income community. According to Tax Code Section 45D(e), low income Census Tracts are based on the following criteria:The poverty rate is at least 20 percent, ORThe median family income does not exceed 80 percent of statewide median family income or, if in a metropolitan area, the greater of 80 percent statewide median family income or 80 percent of metropolitan area median family incomeThe layer is visualized to show if a tract meets these criteria, and the pop-up provides poverty figures as well as tract, metropolitan area, and state level figures for median family income. When a tract meets the above criteria, it may also qualify for grants or findings such Opportunity Zones. These zones are designed to encourage economic development and job creation in communities throughout the country by providing tax benefits to investors who invest eligible capital into these communities. Another way this layer can be used is to gain funding through the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. The data was downloaded on October 5, 2022 from the US Census Bureau via data.census.gov:Table B17020: Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months - TractsTable B19113: Median Family Income in the Past 12 Months (in 2020 inflation-adjusted dollars) - Tracts, Metropolitan area, StateVintage of the data: 2016-2020 American Community SurveyBoundaries used for analysis: TIGER 2020 Tract, Metro, and State Boundaries with large hydrography removed from tractsData was processed within ArcGIS Pro 3.0.2 using ModelBuilder to spatially join the metropolitan and state geographies to tracts.To see the same qualification on 2010-based Census tracts, there is also an older 2012-2016 version of the layer.

VITAL SIGNS INDICATOR Poverty (EQ5)

FULL MEASURE NAME The share of the population living in households that earn less than 200 percent of the federal poverty limit

LAST UPDATED December 2018

DESCRIPTION Poverty refers to the share of the population living in households that earn less than 200 percent of the federal poverty limit, which varies based on the number of individuals in a given household. It reflects the number of individuals who are economically struggling due to low household income levels.

DATA SOURCE U.S Census Bureau: Decennial Census http://www.nhgis.org (1980-1990) http://factfinder2.census.gov (2000)

U.S. Census Bureau: American Community Survey Form C17002 (2006-2017) http://api.census.gov

METHODOLOGY NOTES (across all datasets for this indicator) The U.S. Census Bureau defines a national poverty level (or household income) that varies by household size, number of children in a household, and age of householder. The national poverty level does not vary geographically even though cost of living is different across the United States. For the Bay Area, where cost of living is high and incomes are correspondingly high, an appropriate poverty level is 200% of poverty or twice the national poverty level, consistent with what was used for past equity work at MTC and ABAG. For comparison, however, both the national and 200% poverty levels are presented.

For Vital Signs, the poverty rate is defined as the number of people (including children) living below twice the poverty level divided by the number of people for whom poverty status is determined. Poverty rates do not include unrelated individuals below 15 years old or people who live in the following: institutionalized group quarters, college dormitories, military barracks, and situations without conventional housing. The household income definitions for poverty change each year to reflect inflation. The official poverty definition uses money income before taxes and does not include capital gains or noncash benefits (such as public housing, Medicaid, and food stamps). For the national poverty level definitions by year, see: https://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/data/threshld/index.html For an explanation on how the Census Bureau measures poverty, see: https://www.census.gov/hhes/www/poverty/about/overview/measure.html

For the American Community Survey datasets, 1-year data was used for region, county, and metro areas whereas 5-year rolling average data was used for city and census tract.

To be consistent across metropolitan areas, the poverty definition for non-Bay Area metros is twice the national poverty level. Data were not adjusted for varying income and cost of living levels across the metropolitan areas.