China Deposit: New Increased: Year to Date: Household Saving data was reported at 9,220.000 RMB bn in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 6,130.000 RMB bn for Feb 2025. China Deposit: New Increased: Year to Date: Household Saving data is updated monthly, averaging 3,900.000 RMB bn from Dec 2004 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 214 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 17,840.000 RMB bn in Dec 2022 and a record low of 24.900 RMB bn in Jan 2007. China Deposit: New Increased: Year to Date: Household Saving data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The People's Bank of China. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Money and Banking – Table CN.KB: Deposit.

Household Saving Rate in China decreased to 36.10 percent in 2016 from 37.10 percent in 2015. This dataset provides - China Deposits Interest Rates - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

China Deposit: New Increased: Household Saving data was reported at 3,090.000 RMB bn in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 610.000 RMB bn for Feb 2025. China Deposit: New Increased: Household Saving data is updated monthly, averaging 340.400 RMB bn from Feb 2005 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 223 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6,200.000 RMB bn in Jan 2023 and a record low of -1,850.000 RMB bn in Apr 2024. China Deposit: New Increased: Household Saving data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The People's Bank of China. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s Money and Banking – Table CN.KB: Deposit.

China Household Savings Deposits Rate: Demand data was reported at 0.350 % pa in 18 May 2025. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.350 % pa for 17 May 2025. China Household Savings Deposits Rate: Demand data is updated daily, averaging 0.350 % pa from Sep 1988 (Median) to 18 May 2025, with 13409 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.350 % pa in 18 May 2025 and a record low of 0.350 % pa in 18 May 2025. China Household Savings Deposits Rate: Demand data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The People's Bank of China. The data is categorized under High Frequency Database’s Deposit Rates – Table CN.MB: Saving Deposit Rate. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

China Household Savings Deposits Rate: Time: 1 Year data was reported at 1.500 % pa in 18 May 2025. This stayed constant from the previous number of 1.500 % pa for 17 May 2025. China Household Savings Deposits Rate: Time: 1 Year data is updated daily, averaging 1.500 % pa from Sep 1988 (Median) to 18 May 2025, with 13409 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2.250 % pa in 27 Jun 2015 and a record low of 1.500 % pa in 18 May 2025. China Household Savings Deposits Rate: Time: 1 Year data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The People's Bank of China. The data is categorized under High Frequency Database’s Deposit Rates – Table CN.MB: Saving Deposit Rate.

Key information about China Gross Savings Rate

• China Gross Savings Rate was measured at 44.3% in Dec 2023, compared with 44.3% in the previous year.
• China Gross Savings Rate is updated yearly, with data available from Dec 1952 to Dec 2023, and an average rate of 44.3%.
• The data reached an all-time high of 44.3% in Dec 2010 and a record low of 16.5% in Dec 1962.
• CEIC calculates Gross Domestic Savings Rate from annual Gross Domestic Savings and annual Nominal GDP. Gross Domestic Savings is calculated as Nominal GDP less Final Consumption Expenditure. The National Bureau of Statistics provides Final Consumption Expenditure in local currency and Nominal GDP in local currency.
• In the latest reports, China GDP expanded 4.5% YoY in Mar 2023.
• China Nominal GDP reached 4,166,759.1 USD mn in Mar 2023. Its GDP deflator (implicit price deflator) increased 0.4% in Mar 2023.
• China GDP Per Capita reached 12,621.7 USD in Dec 2023.

China Flow of Funds: Household: Source: Deposit: Saving data was reported at 0.000 RMB bn in 2011. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 RMB bn for 2010. China Flow of Funds: Household: Source: Deposit: Saving data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 RMB bn from Dec 1992 (Median) to 2011, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 RMB bn in 2011 and a record low of 0.000 RMB bn in 2011. China Flow of Funds: Household: Source: Deposit: Saving data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The People's Bank of China. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s National Accounts – Table CN.AD: Flow of Funds Accounts: Financial Transaction: Household.

Abstract

China Living Standards Survey (CLSS) consists of one household survey and one community (village) survey, conducted in Hebei and Liaoning Provinces (northern and northeast China) in July 1995 and July 1997 respectively. Five villages from each three sample counties of each province were selected (six were selected in Liaoyang County of Liaoning Province because of administrative area change). About 880 farm households were selected from total thirty-one sample villages for the household survey. The same thirty-one villages formed the samples of community survey. This document provides information on the content of different questionnaires, the survey design and implementation, data processing activities, and the different available data sets.

Geographic coverage

The China Living Standards Survey (CLSS) was conducted only in Hebei and Liaoning Provinces (northern and northeast China).

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The CLSS sample is not a rigorous random sample drawn from a well-defined population. Instead it is only a rough approximation of the rural population in Hebei and Liaoning provinces in Northeastern China. The reason for this is that part of the motivation for the survey was to compare the current conditions with conditions that existed in Hebei and Liaoning in the 1930’s. Because of this, three counties in Hebei and three counties in Liaoning were selected as "primary sampling units" because data had been collected from those six counties by the Japanese occupation government in the 1930’s. Within each of these six counties (xian) five villages (cun) were selected, for an overall total of 30 villages (in fact, an administrative change in one village led to 31 villages being selected). In each county a "main village" was selected that was in fact a village that had been surveyed in the 1930s. Because of the interest in these villages 50 households were selected from each of these six villages (one for each of the six counties). In addition, four other villages were selected in each county. These other villages were not drawn randomly but were selected so as to "represent" variation within the county. Within each of these villages 20 households were selected for interviews. Thus the intended sample size was 780 households, 130 from each county.

Unlike county and village selection, the selection of households within each village was done according to standard sample selection procedures. In each village, a list of all households in the village was obtained from village leaders. An "interval" was calculated as the number of the households in the village divided by the number of households desired for the sample (50 for main villages and 20 for other villages). For the list of households, a random number was drawn between 1 and the interval number. This was used as a starting point. The interval was then added to this number to get a second number, then the interval was added to this second number to get a third number, and so on. The set of numbers produced were the numbers used to select the households, in terms of their order on the list.

In fact, the number of households in the sample is 785, as opposed to 780. Most of this difference is due to a village in which 24 households were interviewed, as opposed to the goal of 20 households

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

Household Questionnaire

The household questionnaire contains sections that collect data on household demographic structure, education, housing conditions, land, agricultural management, household non-agricultural business, household expenditures, gifts, remittances and other income sources, and saving and loans. For some sections (general household information, schooling, housing, gift-exchange, remittance, other income, and credit and savings) the individual designated by the household members as the household head provided responses. For some other sections (farm land, agricultural management, family-run non-farm business, and household consumption expenditure) a member identified as the most knowledgeable provided responses. Identification codes for respondents of different sections indicate who provided the information. In sections where the information collected pertains to individuals (employment), whenever possible, each member of the household was asked to respond for himself or herself, except that parents were allowed to respond for younger children. Therefore, in the case of the employment section it is possible that the information was not provided by the relevant person; variables in this section indicate when this is true.

The household questionnaire was completed in a one-time interview in the summer of 1995. The survey was designed so that more sensitive issues such as credit and savings were discussed near the end. The content of each section is briefly described below.

Section 0 SURVEY INFORMATION

This section mainly summarizes the results of the survey visits. The following information was entered into the computer: whether the survey and the data entry were completed, codes of supervisor’s brief comments on interviewer, data entry operator, and related revising suggestion (e.g., 1. good, 2. revise at office, and 3. re-interview needed). Information about the date of interview, the names of interviewer, supervisor, data enterer, and detail notes of interviewer and supervisor were not entered into the computer.

Section 1 GENERAL HOUSEHOLD INFORMATION

1A HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURE 1B INFORMATION ABOUT THE HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS’ PARENTS 1C INFORMATION ABOUT THE CHILDREN WHO ARE NOT LIVING IN HOME

Section 1A lists the personal id code, sex, relationship to the household head, ethnic group, type of resident permit (agricultural [nongye], non-agricultural [fei nongye], or no resident permit), date of birth, marital status of all people who spent the previous night in that household and for household members who are temporarily away from home. The household head is listed first and receives the personal id code 1. Household members were defined to include “all the people who normally live and eat their meals together in this dwelling.” Those who were absent more than nine of the last twelve months were excluded, except for the head of household. For individuals who are married and whose spouse resides in the household, the personal id number of the spouse is noted. By doing so, information on the spouse can be collected by appropriately merging information from the section 1A and other parts of the survey.

Section 1B collects information on the parents of all household members. For individuals whose parents reside in the household, parents’ personal id numbers are noted, and information can be obtained by appropriately merging information from other parts of the survey. For individuals whose parents do not reside in the household, information is recorded on whether each parent is alive, as well as their schooling and occupation.

Section 1C collects information for children of household members who are not living in home. Children who have died are not included. The information on the name, sex, types of resident permit, age, education level, education cost, reasons not living in home, current living place, and type of job of each such child is recorded.

Section 2 SCHOOLING

In Section 2, information about literacy and numeracy, school attendance, completion, and current enrollment for all household members of preschool age and older. The interpretation of pre-school age appears to have varied, with the result that while education information is available for some children of pre-school age, not all pre-school children were included in this section. But for ages 6 and above information is available for nearly all individuals, so in essence the data on schooling can be said to apply all persons 6 age and above. For those who were enrolled in school at the time of the survey, information was also collected on school attendance, expenses, and scholarships. If applicable, information on serving as an apprentice, technical or professional training was also collected.

Section 3 EMPLOYMENT

3A GENERAL INFORMATION 3B MAJOR NON-FARM JOB IN 1994 3C THE SECOND NON-FARM JOB IN 1994 3D OTHER EMPLOYMENT ACTIVITIES IN 1994 3E SEARCHING FOR NON-FARM JOB 3F PROCESS FOR GETTING MAJOR NON-FARM JOB 3G CORVEE LABOR

All individuals age thirteen and above were asked to respond to the employment activity questions in Section 3. Section 3A collects general information on farm and non-farm employment, such as whether or not the household member worked on household own farm in 1994, when was the last year the member worked on own farm if he/she did not work in 1994, work days and hours during busy season, occupation and sector codes of the major, second, and third non-farm jobs, work days and total income of these non-farm jobs. There is a variable which indicates whether or not the individual responded for himself or herself.

Sections 3B and 3C collect detailed information on the major and the second non-farm job. Information includes number of months worked and which month in 1994 the member worked on these jobs, average works days (or hours) per month (per day), total number of years worked for these jobs by the end of 1994, different components of income, type of employment contracts. Information on employer’s ownership type and location was also collected.

Section 3D collects information on average hours spent doing chores and housework at home every day during non-busy and busy season. The chores refer to cooking, laundry, cleaning, shopping, cutting woods, as well as small-scale farm yard animals raising, for example, pigs or chickens. Large-scale animal

Key information about Hong Kong SAR (China) Gross Savings Rate

• Hong Kong SAR (China) Gross Savings Rate was measured at 30.2% in Sep 2024, compared with 30.2% in the previous quarter.
• Hong Kong SAR (China) Gross Savings Rate is updated quarterly, with data available from Mar 1999 to Sep 2024, and an average rate of 30.2%.
• The data reached an all-time high of 30.2% in Sep 2006 and a record low of 19.0% in Jun 2023.
• CEIC calculates Gross National Savings Rate from quarterly Gross National Savings and quarterly Gross National Income. Gross National Savings is calculated as Gross National Income less Private and Government Consumption Expenditure plus Net Secondary Income. Census and Statistics Department provides Gross National Income, Private Consumption Expenditure, Government Consumption Expenditure and Secondary Income in local currency.
• In the latest reports, Hong Kong SAR (China) GDP expanded 2.8% YoY in Mar 2023.
• Hong Kong SAR (China) Nominal GDP reached 91,422.6 USD mn in Mar 2023. Its GDP deflator (implicit price deflator) increased 1.9% in Mar 2023.
• Hong Kong SAR (China) GDP Per Capita reached 48,990.8 USD in Dec 2022.

China Flow of Funds: Household: Source: Saving data was reported at 16,609.164 RMB bn in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 15,664.911 RMB bn for 2015. China Flow of Funds: Household: Source: Saving data is updated yearly, averaging 3,329.044 RMB bn from Dec 1992 (Median) to 2016, with 25 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 16,609.164 RMB bn in 2016 and a record low of 545.266 RMB bn in 1992. China Flow of Funds: Household: Source: Saving data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Bureau of Statistics. The data is categorized under China Premium Database’s National Accounts – Table CN.AD: Flow of Funds Accounts: Physical Transaction: Household.

In 2023, roughly 1.49 billion adults worldwide had a net worth of less than 10,000 U.S. dollars. By comparison, 58 million adults had a net worth of more than one million U.S. dollars in the same year. Wealth distribution The distribution of wealth is an indicator of economic inequality. The United Nations says that wealth includes the sum of natural, human, and physical assets. Wealth is not synonymous with income, however, because having a large income can be depleted if one has significant expenses. In 2023, nearly 1,700 billionaires had a total wealth between one to two billion U.S. dollars. Wealth worldwide China had the highest number of billionaires in 2023, with the United States following behind. That same year, New York had the most billionaires worldwide.

Key information about China Private Consumption: % of GDP

• China Private Consumption accounted for 39.6 % of its Nominal GDP in Dec 2023, compared with a ratio of 37.8 % in the previous year.
• China Private Consumption contribution to Nominal GDP ratio is updated yearly, available from Dec 1952 to Dec 2023, with an average share of 49.3 %.
• The data reached an all-time high of 70.8 % in Dec 1962 and a record low of 34.9 % in Dec 2010.

CEIC calculates Private Consumption as % of Nominal GDP from annual Private Consumption Expenditure and annual Nominal GDP. The National Bureau of Statistics provides Private Consumption Expenditure in local currency and Nominal GDP in local currency.


Related information about China Private Consumption: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, China GDP expanded 4.5 % YoY in Mar 2023.
• Its Nominal GDP reached 4,166.8 USD bn in Mar 2023.
• China GDP Per Capita reached 12,621.7 USD in Dec 2023.
• Its Gross Savings Rate was measured at 44.3 % in Dec 2023.

In the first quarter of 2024, almost two-thirds percent of the total wealth in the United States was owned by the top 10 percent of earners. In comparison, the lowest 50 percent of earners only owned 2.5 percent of the total wealth. Income inequality in the U.S. Despite the idea that the United States is a country where hard work and pulling yourself up by your bootstraps will inevitably lead to success, this is often not the case. In 2023, 7.4 percent of U.S. households had an annual income under 15,000 U.S. dollars. With such a small percentage of people in the United States owning such a vast majority of the country’s wealth, the gap between the rich and poor in America remains stark. The top one percent The United States follows closely behind China as the country with the most billionaires in the world. Elon Musk alone held around 219 billion U.S. dollars in 2022. Over the past 50 years, the CEO-to-worker compensation ratio has exploded, causing the gap between rich and poor to grow, with some economists theorizing that this gap is the largest it has been since right before the Great Depression.