2023 saw the largest expenditures on Medicaid in U.S. history. At that time about 894 billion U.S. dollars were expended on the Medicaid public health insurance program that aims to provide affordable health care options to low income residents and people with disabilities. Medicaid was signed into law in 1965. By 1975 around 13 billion U.S. dollars were spent on the program. Groups covered by Medicaid There are several components of the Medicaid health insurance program. The Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) was started in 1997 to provide health coverage to families and children that could not afford care. As of 2021, children represented the largest distribution of Medicaid enrollees. Despite having the largest proportion of enrollees, those that were enrolled in Medicaid as children had the lowest spending per enrollee. As of 2021, disabled Medicaid enrollees had the highest spending per enrollee. Medicaid expenditures Currently, Medicaid accounts for 19 percent of all health care expenditure in the United States. Expenditures on Medicaid programs vary among the U.S. states and depend heavily on whether Medicaid expansion was accepted after the Affordable Care Act was enacted. California and New York are the top states with the highest Medicaid expenditures. It is projected that Medicaid expenditure will continue to increase at both the state and federal levels.

In 2022, Medicaid expenditure totaled around 805 billion U.S. dollars, the highest in the provided time interval. The federal government paid approximately 70 percent of total Medicaid expenditures in 2022, with states picking up the other 30 percent. Medicaid’s high-cost enrollees Spending on aged enrollees and individuals with disabilities accounted for more than half of the total Medicaid expenditure in 2021. One reason why this share is so high is that these groups require greater health care, and often the services are more costly. Spending on long-term care services, which includes nursing facilities and home health care, totaled approximately 154 billion U.S. dollars in 2022. Overall, long-term care services accounted for around 20 percent of all Medicaid expenditure in 2022. The basics of Medicaid funding Medicaid is a joint federal and state health care plan, and the costs of administering the program are split between the two. States report their Medicaid costs to the federal government on a quarterly basis, and the federal government matches those costs based on a formula. This formula is designed so that the federal government pays a larger share of costs in poorer states, but in general, state costs are matched by the federal government at a 50 percent rate. California was the state with the highest Medicaid costs in 2022.

Total Medicaid spending surpassed 804 billion U.S. dollars in 2022. The state of California had the highest expenditure throughout the year, followed by New York and Texas.

Federal government helps poorer states Both the federal and state governments fund the Medicaid health care program, but at least 50 percent of the costs incurred by states are matched by the federal government. The exact percentage varies by state because the matching rate was designed so that poorer states receive a larger share of program costs from the federal government. The states of Wyoming, South Dakota, North Dakota, spent the least on Medicaid costs in 2021.

Funding share of states set to increase Under the Affordable Care Act, states have the choice to expand their Medicaid programs to cover nearly all low-income Americans under age 65. For states that implemented the expansion, the federal government paid 100 percent of the state costs for all newly eligible adults from 2014 to 2016. The new matching rate has slowly declined since and reached 90 percent in 2020, which means states have to pick up ten percent of the bill. Governors are concerned about the rise in costs, and state expenditure is projected to increase by 50 percent between 2020 and 2027.

Federal government spending on Medicaid totaled 616 billion U.S. dollars in 2023. The forecast predicts an increase in Medicaid outlays up to over 898 billion U.S. dollars in 2034. The statistic shows the total federal Medicaid spending history from 2000 to 2023, with an additional forecast from 2024 to 2034.

During a public health emergency in the Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA), a new optional Medicaid eligibility group was added called COVID-19 testing eligibility group. States reported these expenditures under sections 6004 and 6008 through the Medicaid Budget and Expenditure System (MBES) on the Form CMS-64. The data in these reports constitute summary level preliminary expenditure information related to these FFCRA provisions for each state

Notes: 1. The Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA), enacted on March 18, 2020, provided a temporary FMAP increase to states and territories meeting certain qualifications and added a new optional
Medicaid eligibility group for uninsured individuals during a public health emergency in section 1902(a)(10)(A)(ii)(XXIII) of the Act, referred to as the “COVID - 19 Testing Group.”
2. FFCRA Section 6008 provides a temporary 6.2 percentage point FMAP increase to each qualifying state and territory's FMAP under section 1905(b) of the Act, beginning January 1, 2020 and lasting through
the end of the quarter in which the public health emergency (PHE) declared by the Secretary for COVID-19 ends, including any extensions.
3. FFCRA Section 6004 provides a 100 percent match rate for individuals eligible under the new optional Medicaid eligibility group in section 1902(a)(10)(A)(ii)(XXIII) of the Act, beginning no earlier than
March 18, 2020 and lasting through the end of the PHE for COVID-19.
4. States that have reported “0” either have no expenditures for that reporting category or have not yet reported expenditures for that category.
5. This report is a cumulative summary report that includes current and prior period adjustment expenditures that apply to this quarter 6. For the Quarter ending 03/31/2020: Delaware has Negative Total Computable Expenditures and Total Federal Share Expenditures due to the reporting of prior period adjustments during this period.
7. For the Quarter ending 09/30/2020: Colorado has Negative Total Computable Section 6004 Covid 19 Expenditures and Total Federal Share Section 6004 Covid 19 Expenditures due to the reporting of prior period adjustments during this period.
8. For the Quarter ending 03/31/2021: California has Negative Total Computable Section 6004 Covid 19 Expenditures and Total Federal Share Section 6004 Covid 19 Expenditures due to the reporting of prior period adjustments during this period. This corrected FY 2020 Q4 expenditures for Treatment services that are not allowed for Section 6004 100% FMAP match. 9. For the Quarter ending 03/31/2021: Utah has Negative Total Computable Section 6004 Covid 19 Expenditures and Total Federal Share Section 6004 Covid 19 Expenditures due to the reporting of prior period adjustments during this period. 10. For the Quarter ending 12/31/2022: California has Negative Total Computable Section 6004 Covid 19 Expenditures and Total Federal Share Section 6004 Covid 19 Expenditures due to the reporting of prior period adjustments during this period. 11. For the Quarter ending 12/31/2022: Connecticut has Negative Total Computable Section 6004 Covid 19 Expenditures and Total Federal Share Section 6004 Covid 19 Expenditures due to the reporting of prior period adjustments during this period. 12. For the Quarter ending 09/30/2023: Connecticut has Negative Total Computable Section 6004 Covid 19 Expenditures and Total Federal Share Section 6004 Covid 19 Expenditures due to the reporting of prior period adjustments during this period.
13. For the Quarter ending 09/30/2023: Illinois has Negative Total Computable Section 6004 Covid 19 Expenditures and Total Federal Share Section 6004 Covid 19 Expenditures due to the reporting of prior period adjustments during this period.
14. For the Quarter ending 09/30/2023: Minnesota has Negative Total Computable Section 6004 Covid 19 Expenditures and Total Federal Share Section 6004 Covid 19 Expenditures due to the reporting of prior period adjustments during this period.
15. For the Quarter ending 09/30/2023: Utah has Negative Total Computable Section 6004 Covid 19 Expenditures and Total Federal Share Section 6004 Covid 19 Expenditures due to the reporting of prior period adjustments during this period.
16. For the Quarter ending 09/30/2023: Washington has Negative Total Computable Section 6008 Covid 19 Expenditures and Total Federal Share Section 6008 Covid 19 Expenditures due to the reporting of prior period adjustments during this period.
17. For the Quarter ending 12/31/2023: Colorado has Negative Total Computable Section 6004 Covid 19 Expenditures and Total Federal Share Section 6004 Covid 19 Expenditures due to the reporting of prior period adjustments during this period.
18. For the Quarter ending 12/31/2023: Connecticut has Negative Total Computable Section 6004 Covid 19 Expenditures and Total Federal Share Section 6004 Covid 19 Expenditures due to the reporting of prior period adjustments during this period.
19. For the Quarter ending 12/31/2023: Minnesota has Negative Total Computable Section 6004 Covid 19 Expenditures and Total Federal Share Section 6004 Covid 19 Expenditures due to the reporting of prior period adjustments during this period.
20. For the Quarter ending 12/31/2023: New Mexico has Negative Total Computable Section 6004 Covid 19 Expenditures and Total Federal Share Section 6004 Covid 19 Expenditures due to the reporting of prior period adjustments during this period.
21. For the Quarter ending 12/31/2023: Hawaii has Negative Total Computable Section 6008 Covid 19 Expenditures and Total Federal Share Section 6008 Covid 19 Expenditures due to the reporting of prior period adjustments during this period.

Over ** million Americans were estimated to be enrolled in the Medicaid program as of 2023. That is a significant increase from around ** million ten years earlier. Medicaid is basically a joint federal and state health program that provides medical coverage to low-income individuals and families. Currently, Medicaid is responsible for ** percent of the nation’s health care bill, making it the third-largest payer behind private insurances and Medicare. From the beginning to ObamacareMedicaid was implemented in 1965 and since then has become the largest source of medical services for Americans with low income and limited resources. The program has become particularly prominent since the introduction of President Obama’s health reform – the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act - in 2010. Medicaid was largely impacted by this reform, for states now had the opportunity to expand Medicaid eligibility to larger parts of the uninsured population. Thus, the percentage of uninsured in the United States decreased from over ** percent in 2010 to *** percent in 2022. Who is enrolled in Medicaid?Medicaid enrollment is divided mainly into four groups of beneficiaries: children, adults under 65 years of age, seniors aged 65 years or older, and disabled people. Children are the largest group, with a share of approximately ** percent of enrollees. However, their share of Medicaid expenditures is relatively small, with around ** percent. Compared to that, disabled people, accounting for **** percent of total enrollment, were responsible for **** percent of total expenditures. Around half of total Medicaid spending goes to managed care and health plans.

In 1970, some 7.5 billion U.S. dollars were spent on the Medicare program in the United States. Fifty plus years later, this figure stood at 1,037 billion U.S. dollars. This statistic depicts total Medicare spending from 1970 to 2023.

Increasing Medicare coverage

Medicare is the federal health insurance program in the U.S. for the elderly and those with disabilities. In the U.S., the share of the population with any type of health insurance has increased to over 90 percent in the past decade. As of 2019, approximately 18 percent of the U.S. population was covered by Medicare in particular.

Increasing Medicare costs

Medicare costs are forecasted to continue increasing over time, with outlays rising to a predicted 1.78 trillion U.S. dollars by 2031 as the population continues to age. Certain diseases of old age, such as Alzheimer’s disease, are increasing in prevalence in the U.S., which will reflect on healthcare costs for the elderly. In 2021, Alzheimer's disease was estimated to cost Medicare and Medicaid around 239 billion U.S. dollars in care costs; by 2050, this number is projected to climb to 798 billion dollars.

Analysis of ‘Medicaid CMS-64 FFCRA Increased FMAP Expenditure’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/7a59b46a-7b59-4195-841c-f6aedddd1075 on 26 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

During a public health emergency in the Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA), a new optional Medicaid eligibility group was added called COVID-19 testing eligibility group. States reported these expenditures under sections 6004 and 6008 through the Medicaid Budget and Expenditure System (MBES) on the Form CMS-64. The data in these reports constitute summary level preliminary expenditure information related to these FFCRA provisions for each state

Notes: 1. The Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA), enacted on March 18, 2020, provided a temporary FMAP increase to states and territories meeting certain qualifications and added a new optional Medicaid eligibility group for uninsured individuals during a public health emergency in section 1902(a)(10)(A)(ii)(XXIII) of the Act, referred to as the "COVID-19 testing group."
2. FFCRA Section 6008 provides a temporary 6.2 percentage point FMAP increase to each qualifying state and territory's FMAP under section 1905(b) of the Act, beginning January 1, 2020 and lasting through the end of the quarter in which the public health emergency (PHE) declared by the Secretary for COVID-19 ends, including any extensions.
3. FFCRA Section 6004 provides a 100 percent match rate for individuals eligible under the new optional Medicaid eligibility group in section 1902(a)(10)(A)(ii)(XXIII) of the Act, beginning no earlier than March 18, 2020 and lasting through the end of the PHE for COVID-19.
4. States that have reported “0” either have no expenditures for that reporting category or have not yet reported expenditures for that category.
5. This report is a cumulative summary report that includes current and prior period adjustment expenditures that apply to this quarter.

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

Provide the first national description across the US of variations in healthcare measures in 2018 among Medicaid beneficiaries with schizophrenia. Adult beneficiaries with ≥2 diagnoses for schizophrenia, and continuous enrollment with consistent geographical data in all of 2018 were identified from Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System (T-MSIS) Analytic Files (TAF) data for 45 of 50 states. Antipsychotic (AP) utilization rates, including long-acting injectable APs (LAIs), quality metrics, and all-cause healthcare resource utilization and costs for claims submitted to Medicaid were reported nationally and by state. Pearson correlation evaluated associations between LAI utilization and total healthcare costs at state and county levels. Across the US 688,437 patients with schizophrenia were identified. The AP utilization rate was 51% (state range: 24–77%), while the LAI utilization rate was 13% (range: 4–26%). The proportion of patients adherent to any AP was 56% (range: 19–73%). Within 30 days post-discharge from an inpatient admission, 22% (range: 8–58%) of patients had an outpatient visit, and 12% (range: 4–48%) had a readmission. The proportion of patients with ≥1 inpatient admission and ≥1 emergency room visit was 34% (range: 19–82%) and 45% (range: 20–70%). Per-patient-per-year total healthcare costs averaged $32,920 (range: $717–$93,972). At the county level, a weak negative correlation was observed between LAI utilization and total healthcare costs. This study included Medicaid beneficiaries enrolled with pharmacy and medical benefits, including beneficiaries dually eligible for Medicare; results cannot be generalized to the overall schizophrenia population or those with other payer coverage. In 2018, half of beneficiaries with schizophrenia did not submit any claims for APs to Medicaid, nearly half had an emergency room visit, and one-third had an inpatient admission. Moreover, healthcare measures varied considerably across states. These findings may indicate unmet treatment needs for Medicaid beneficiaries with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that poses a large health, social, and cost burden to patients and society. While treatment with antipsychotic medications can reduce the number of relapses and hospitalizations, many patients do not adhere to treatment, which can lead to poor symptom control and further use of healthcare services. Interestingly, these measures of schizophrenia care seem to vary across US states. Therefore, we ran the first study to describe the regional differences in antipsychotic use, measures of quality of care, healthcare use, and healthcare costs among Medicaid-insured patients across the US in 2018. Our results showed that only half of patients used antipsychotics in 2018 (with a range of 24–77% across states) and the proportion of patients adherent to antipsychotic treatment was low (range of 19–73%). Additionally, nearly half of all patients had an emergency room visit (range of 20–70%), and one-third had an inpatient admission (range of 19–82%). These findings highlight large variations in antipsychotic use, performance measures, and healthcare use, possibly due to regional differences in unmet needs in schizophrenia care for Medicaid-insured patients in the US. Since use of inpatient and emergency room services was consistently high in specific states or regions, and yearly healthcare costs per patient varied from $717–$93,972 (mean = $32,920), there may be a particularly high burden in certain areas of the country where patients with schizophrenia may potentially be experiencing multiple relapses. Further research is needed to identify policies that may help narrow these regional differences.

Medicaid continues to provide comprehensive long-term care in the United States. In 2022, the program was estimated to have paid for 34.2 percent of all home health care and nearly 30 percent of nursing home care. In addition, Medicaid covered over 58 percent of other health, residential, and personal care, which includes payments for intermediate care facilities and other home- and community-based services.

Health care spending in the U.S. Medicaid expenditure accounted for around 16 percent of all U.S. health expenditures in 2021. Overall, health spending in the United States totaled 4.1 trillion U.S. dollars in 2020 – hospital care continues to be the largest spending category. Around 1.3 trillion U.S. dollars was spent on hospital care in 2020, and expenditures are projected to continue on an upward trajectory.

The high price of hospital care Medicare and Medicaid spend significant amounts of money on national health services, and for both programs, hospital care is the largest expense category. Hospital care spending by both Medicare and Medicaid grew by around 20 percent between 2013 and 2019. During the same period, private health insurance spending in this service category accelerated, rising by approximately 90 billion U.S. dollars.

Big “p” policy changes at the state and federal level are certainly important to health equity, such as eligibility for and generosity of Medicaid benefits. Medicaid expansion has significantly expanded the number of people who are eligible for Medicaid and the creation of the health insurance exchanges (Marketplace) under the Affordable Care Act created a very visible avenue through which people can learn that they are eligible. Although many applications are now submitted online, physical access to state, county, and tribal government Medicaid offices still plays a critical role in understanding eligibility, getting help in applying, and navigating required documentation for both initial enrollment and redetermination of eligibility. However, as more government functions have moved online, in-person office locations and/or staff may have been cut to reduce costs, and gentrification has shifted where minoritized, marginalized, and/or low-income populations live, it is unclear if this key local connection point between residents and Medicaid has been maintained. Our objective was to identify and geocode all Medicaid offices in the United States for pairing with other spatial data (e.g., demographics, Medicaid participation, health care use, health outcomes) to investigate policy-relevant research questions. Three coders identified Medicaid office addresses in all 50 states and the District of Columbia by searching state government websites (e.g., Department of Health and Human Services or analogous state agency) during late 2021 and early 2022 for the appropriate Medicaid agency and its office locations, which were then reviewed for accuracy by a fourth coder. Our corpus of Medicaid office addresses was then geocoded using the Census Geocoder from the US Census Bureau (https://geocoding.geo.census.gov/geocoder/) with unresolved addresses investigated and/or manually geocoded using Google Maps. The corpus was updated in August through December 2023 following the end of the COVID-19 public health emergency by a fifth coder as several states closed and/or combined offices during the pandemic. After deduplication (e.g., where multiple counties share a single office) and removal of mailing addresses (e.g., PO Boxes), our dataset includes 3,027 Medicaid office locations. 1 (December 19, 2023) – original version 2 (January 25, 2024) – added related publication (Data in Brief), corrected two records that were missing negative signs in longitude 3 (February 6, 2024) – corrected latitude and longitude for one office (1340 State Route 9, Lake George, NY 12845) 4 (March 4, 2024) – added one office for Vermont after contacting relevant state agency (280 State Road, Waterbury, VT 05671)

The CMS Program Statistics - Medicare Part D tables provide use and Part D drug costs by type of Part D plan (stand-alone prescription drug plan and Medicare Advantage prescription drug plan). For additional information on enrollment, providers, and Medicare use and payment, visit the CMS Program Statistics page. These data do not exist in a machine-readable format, so the view data and API options are not available. Please use the download function to access the data. Below is the list of tables: MDCR UTLZN D 1. Medicare Part D Utilization: Average Annual Prescription Drug Fills by Type of Plan, Low Income Subsidy (LIS) Eligibility, and Generic Dispensing Rate, Yearly Trend MDCR UTLZN D 2. Medicare Part D Utilization: Average Annual Gross Drug Costs Per Part D Enrollee, by Type of Plan, Low Income Subsidy (LIS) Eligibility, and Brand/Generic Drug Classification, Yearly Trend MDCR UTLZN D 3. Medicare Part D Utilization: Average Annual Gross Drug Costs Per Part D Enrollee, by Type of Plan, Low Income Subsidy (LIS) Eligibility, and Brand/Generic Drug Classification, Yearly Trend MDCR UTLZN D 4. Medicare Part D Utilization: Average Annual Prescription Drug Fills and Average Annual Gross Drug Cost Per Part D Enrollee, by Type of Plan and Demographic Characteristics MDCR UTLZN D 5. Medicare Part D Utilization: Average Annual Prescription Drug Fills and Average Annual Gross Drug Cost Per Part D Utilizer, by Type of Plan and Demographic Characteristics MDCR UTLZN D 6. Medicare Part D Utilization: Average Annual Prescription Drug Fills and Average Annual Gross Drug Cost Per Part D Enrollee, by Type of Plan, by Area of Residence MDCR UTLZN D 7. Medicare Part D Utilization: Average Annual Prescription Drug Fills and Average Annual Gross Drug Cost Per Part D Utilizer, by Type of Plan, by Area of Residence MDCR UTLZN D 8. Medicare Part D Utilization: Number of Part D Utilizers and Average Annual Prescription Drug Fills by Type of Part D Plan, Low Income Subsidy (LIS) Eligibility, and Part D Coverage Phase, Yearly Trend MDCR UTLZN D 9. Medicare Part D Utilization: Number of Part D Utilizers and Drug Costs by Type of Part D Plan, Low Income Subsidy (LIS) Eligibility, and Part D Coverage Phase, Yearly Trend MDCR UTLZN D 10. Medicare Part D Utilization: Number of Part D Utilizers, Average Annual Prescription Drug Events (Fills) and Average Annual Gross Drug Cost Per Part D Utilizer, by Part D Coverage Phase and Demographic Characteristics MDCR UTLZN D 11. Medicare Part D Utilization: Number of Part D Utilizers, Average Annual Prescription Drug Fills and Average Annual Gross Drug Cost Per Part D Utilizer, by Part D Coverage Phase and Area of Residence

In 2005, Missouri and Tennessee tightened eligibility for their public health insurance programs, resulting in widespread coverage losses. Leveraging county-level variation in subsequent disenrollment, I show that voters in Tennessee punished the incumbent governor for the Medicaid cuts. In Missouri, by contrast, disenrollment had no impact on the subsequent gubernatorial election but did increase support for Democrats in 2006 state legislative elections, possibly due to the strategic entry and exit of candidates. In both states, the loss of Medicaid coverage was associated with lower support for Democratic presidential candidates, although these declines appear part of a longer-term trend that preceded the coverage loss. The results speak to the potential political costs of welfare spending cuts and the electoral consequences of reducing income-targeted social programs.

United States NHE: ANE: SL: TPPP: Other State & Local Programs data was reported at 22.000 USD mn in 1969. This records an increase from the previous number of 21.000 USD mn for 1968. United States NHE: ANE: SL: TPPP: Other State & Local Programs data is updated yearly, averaging 21.000 USD mn from Dec 1960 (Median) to 1969, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 120.000 USD mn in 1965 and a record low of 10.000 USD mn in 1960. United States NHE: ANE: SL: TPPP: Other State & Local Programs data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services . The data is categorized under Global Database’s USA – Table US.G083: National Health Expenditures.

There has been a noticeable shift in the distribution of expenditures among Medicaid long-term care services over the past three decades. In 1990, home- and community-based care accounted for 13 percent of the program’s long-term care costs, but this has risen to a majority share of approximately 65 percent by 2022. Institutional care rates continue to fall Medicaid spent approximately 32 billion U.S. dollars on long-term care services in 1990, and close to 90 percent of that went towards institutional care, such as nursing homes and other residential facilities. The decrease over recent years in the proportion of spending devoted to institutional care can be partly attributed to a push towards home- and community-based care. This expansion of services is growing in popularity because individuals can receive treatment in familiar surroundings and benefit from increased levels of comfort. State variations in long-term care costs Medicaid expenditures for long-term care services vary significantly from state to state, which is primarily due to each state being able to administer its Medicaid program differently. On average, Medicaid spent 19 percent on long-term care in 2022.

Children accounted for 36.5 percent of Medicaid enrollees in 2021, which was the largest share of all enrollment groups. The elderly and persons with disabilities had the smallest shares, but together they accounted for more than half of all Medicaid expenditure.

Medicaid expenditures per enrollee Medicaid is a joint federal and state health care program in the United States. The program provides medical coverage to millions of Americans and supports a variety of enrollment groups, particularly senior citizens and individuals with disabilities. Medicaid per enrollee spending is significantly higher for these two groups because they require more frequent and costly long-term care in the community and nursing homes. In 2022 of the total U.S. health expenditure on home health care, Medicaid paid one-third.

Millions of Americans are uninsured The United States has a multi-payer health care system, meaning that some Americans will be covered by private health insurance, and others will be covered by a government program such as Medicaid. However, approximately 27.6 million people in the U.S. had no health insurance in 2021, and should they require health care, they would have to pay the full price out of their own pocket. This becomes a real problem for many because the United States has the most expensive health care system in the world.

Hospitals play a critical role in healthcare, offering specialized treatments and emergency services essential for public health, regardless of economic fluctuations or individuals' financial situations. Rising incomes and broader access to insurance have fueled demand for care in recent years, supporting hospitals' post-pandemic recovery initiated by federal policies and funding. The recovery for many hospitals was also promoted by mergers that lessened financial strains, especially in rural hospitals. This trend toward consolidation has resulted in fewer enterprises relative to establishments, enhancing hospitals' bargaining power regarding input costs and insurance reimbursements. With this improved position, hospitals are expected to see revenue climb at a CAGR of 2.0%, reaching $1.5 trillion by 2025, with a 3.2% increase in 2025 alone. Competition, economic conditions and regulatory changes will impact hospitals based on size and location. Smaller hospitals, particularly rural ones, may encounter more significant obstacles as the industry transitions from fee-based to value-based care. Independent hospitals face wage inflation, staffing shortages and drug supply costs. Although state and federal policies aim to support small rural hospitals in addressing hospital deserts, uncertainties linger over federal Medicare funding and Medicaid reimbursements, which account for nearly half of hospital care spending. Even so, increasing per capita disposable income and increasing the number of individuals with private insurance will boost revenues from private insurers and out-of-pocket payments for all hospitals, big and small. Hospitals will continue incorporating technological advancements in AI, telemedicine and wearables to enhance their services and reduce cost. These technologies aid hospital systems in strategically expanding outpatient services, mitigating the increasing competitive pressures from Ambulatory Surgery Centers (ASCs) and capitalizing on the increased needs of an aging adult population and shifts in healthcare delivery preferences. As the consolidation trend advances and technology adoption further leverages economies of scale, industry revenue is expected to strengthen at a CAGR of 2.4%, reaching $1.7 trillion by 2030, with steady profit over the period.

The CMS Program Statistics - Medicare Inpatient Hospital tables provide use and payment data for all inpatient hospitals, including short-stay hospitals, critical access hospitals, long term care hospitals, inpatient psychiatric facilities, inpatient rehabilitation facilities, religious nonmedical health care institutions, children’s hospitals, and other hospitals. For additional information on enrollment, providers, and Medicare use and payment, visit the CMS Program Statistics page. These data do not exist in a machine-readable format, so the view data and API options are not available. Please use the download function to access the data. Below is the list of tables: MDCR INPT HOSP 1. All Medicare Inpatient Hospitals: Utilization, Program Payments, and Cost Sharing for Original Medicare Beneficiaries, by Type of Entitlement, Yearly Trend MDCR INPT HOSP 2. All Medicare Inpatient Hospitals: Utilization, Program Payments, and Cost Sharing for Original Medicare Beneficiaries, by Demographic Characteristics and Medicare-Medicaid Enrollment Status MDCR INPT HOSP 3. All Medicare Inpatient Hospitals: Utilization, Program Payments, and Cost Sharing for Original Medicare Beneficiaries, by Area of Residence MDCR INPT HOSP 4. All Medicare Inpatient Hospitals: Utilization, Program Payments, and Cost Sharing for Original Medicare Beneficiaries, by Type of Hospital MDCR INPT HOSP 5. Medicare IPPS Short Stay Hospitals: Utilization, Program Payments, and Cost Sharing for Original Medicare Beneficiaries, by Type of Entitlement, Yearly Trend MDCR INPT HOSP 6. Medicare IPPS Short Stay Hospitals: Utilization, Program Payments, and Cost Sharing for Original Medicare Beneficiaries, by Demographic Characteristics and Medicare-Medicaid Enrollment MDCR INPT HOSP 7. Medicare IPPS Short Stay Hospitals: Utilization, Program Payments, and Cost Sharing for Original Medicare Beneficiaries, by Area of Residence MDCR INPT HOSP 8. Medicare IPPS Short Stay Hospitals: Utilization and Program Payments for Original Medicare Beneficiaries, by Type of Entitlement and Total Days of Care MDCR INPT HOSP 9. Medicare IPPS Short Stay Hospitals: Utilization and Program Payments for Original Medicare Beneficiaries, by Location and Bedsize of Hospitals, by Medical School Affiliation, and Type of Control MDCR INPT HOSP 10. Special-Category Hospitals: Utilization, Program Payments, and Cost Sharing for Original Medicare Beneficiaries, by Type of Hospital

The purpose of the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is to obtain information about the amount and distribution of illness, its effects in terms of disability and chronic impairments, and the kinds of health services people receive. This supplement includes variables from the NHIS core Person File (see NATIONAL HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY, 1994 [ICPSR 6724]), including sex, age, race, education, family income, limitation of school activities, family relationship, and relationship to reference person. The Health Insurance questionnaire was administered during the last two quarters of 1994 to all of the NHIS sample households. Respondents answered for all members of the household. Variables included in the supplement cover type of health care coverage (Medicare, Medicaid, military/CHAMPUS/CHAMP-VA, public assistance, private insurance), characteristics of the private insurance reported by the respondent (choice of doctor, source of coverage, employer subsidies for premiums, fee-for-service plans, Health Maintenance Organization [HMO] status, HMO type, HMO enrollment size, plan code list), and individual coverage status. Also covered are problems concerning denial or restriction of coverage, 'job lock' due to insurance, reasons not covered (either currently or within the past year) and for how long, and out-of-pocket expenses in the past year for medical services not covered.

In fiscal year 2021, Medicaid spent 8,651 U.S. dollars per full-year equivalent enrollee. However, spending per enrollee varied by eligibility group with disabled enrollees costing the most per enrollee at 23,935 U.S. dollars. States also show large variations in Medicaid spending per enrollee. This statistic illustrates Medicaid benefit spending per full-year equivalent (FYE) enrollee in the United States in FY 2021, by eligibility group.