The revenue generated from medical tourism in Malaysia reached an estimate of 2.72 billion Malaysian ringgit as of 2024. This was a significant increase compared to the revenue in 2021, which was 600 million Malaysian ringgit. The medical tourism industry in Malaysia suffered during the two-year travel restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which resulted in a vast decrease in revenue. Leading medical destination in Southeast Asia Malaysia is well known as a leading medical destination in Southeast Asia. In 2024, there were more than 1.5 million people who traveled to Malaysia for medical purposes. According to the Malaysian Investment Development Authority (MIDA), 60 percent of medical tourists come from the neighboring country, Indonesia. Penang is a popular medical destination city, especially for Indonesians, due to its proximity to Sumatra, one of the largest islands in Indonesia. In 2022, the Peninsular state generated more than 285 million Malaysian ringgit in revenue from medical tourism. Quality private medical care Medical travelers would usually go to private hospitals for their medical treatments. The Malaysian private healthcare system is well-developed and works to complement the public healthcare system. Many renowned Malaysian private hospitals that are popular among international visitors offer world-class medical care with the latest technology. In 2023, there were 212 private hospitals in Malaysia, representing a larger number compared to public hospitals.

In 2024, about *** million people traveled to Malaysia for medical and healthcare purposes. Medical tourism has increased in Malaysia since 2014, but the COVID-19 pandemic and travel restrictions in 2020 and 2021 caused a significant decrease in the number of medical tourists. The emerging leader of healthcare Malaysia is among other countries in the Asia-Pacific region such as Singapore, Thailand, and South Korea that have promoted the medical tourism industry. In 2005, the Ministry of Health (MoH) Malaysia established the Malaysian Healthcare Travel Council (MHTC) to promote healthcare travel. To support its ambition to be a medical tourism hub, Malaysia focused on developing its medical sector, by increasing the number of registered doctors and encouraging industrial collaboration between its private and public sectors, among others. The MHTC was created as a separate public sector entity in 2011, which gave it greater freedom to regulate the market. Since then, there had been significant growth in the medical tourism revenue. The Malaysian Health Travel brand The industry development and promotions, both domestic and abroad, have increased their international patient base and enticed foreign investment. The collaboration of the MHTC with Air Asia Indonesia is one such initiative that aimed at promoting metropolitan cities like Penang as the medical tourism center of the nation. The National Health Institute established the International Patient Center (IPC) to assist traveling patients with immigration services, visa, and health insurance transfers to make Malaysia the preferred destination for healthcare. Through this, Malaysia could see a steady development in the industry, which was reflected in the increasing value of the tourist expenditure for medical purposes, among others.

Venezuela Tourist Departure: For Health data was reported at 32,775.000 Person in 2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 28,806.000 Person for 2010. Venezuela Tourist Departure: For Health data is updated yearly, averaging 26,473.000 Person from Dec 2005 (Median) to 2011, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 32,775.000 Person in 2011 and a record low of 18,381.000 Person in 2006. Venezuela Tourist Departure: For Health data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Tourism. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Venezuela – Table VE.Q002: Tourist Departure. The source has temporarily cease the publication of Venezuela tourism statistics.

In 2021, around **** thousand medical tourists underwent treatment in South Korea's capital Seoul. While the number of foreign patients had been steadily increasing over the years, this has been hampered by the beginning of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Between 2019 and 2020, the total number of medical tourists in Seoul decreased by over ** percent.

A medical tourist is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a person who travels across international borders to receive some form of medical treatment, most commonly dental care, cosmetic surgery, and fertility treatments. Japanese made up the largest share of medical tourists to South Korea in 2024, at around ** percent of inbound tourists, followed by Chinese tourists. The number of patients from all countries recorded the highest ever since, after recovering from the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Korea first permitted foreign patients in 2009, and since then, about **** million international medical tourists have come to Korea, with over *********** in 2024 alone. Why is Korea so popular? South Korea is a popular destination for medical tourism, being one of the leading countries for inbound medical tourism worldwide. One reason is that Korea has modern and advanced medical facilities and staff. Korea also has a reputation for superior cosmetic surgeries and high-quality beauty products. Many foreigners visit Korea for cosmetic surgeries, and even more foreigners purchase Korean beauty products. In addition, some treatments are covered by the public health insurance system. This means even foreigners can receive treatment at low cost. Together with the increasing popularity of K-pop and K-drama, the number of Japanese patients grew by *** percent compared to the previous year. Korean public health insurance in the red A problem with medical tourists is they put strain onto the Korean public health insurance system. For years, there were claims that insurance payments were too low compared to the medical expenses. Public health insurance has been in the black since 2011, but this was because the average employer-insured employee paid twice as much as they actually benefited from. The average monthly payment was around ******* South Korean won, and the total revenue of the national health insurance in South Korea amounted to around **** trillion South Korean won. Hundreds of thousands of foreigners are exacerbating the situation and the government is taking action. For example, foreigners living in Korea for more than six months are now required to register for public health insurance. Prior to 2019, registration was optional for foreigners and as a result, foreigners took advantage of insurance coverage without paying for it.

Malaysia Tourist Arrival: Health Treatment: United States data was reported at 0.100 % in 2014. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.100 % for 2011. Malaysia Tourist Arrival: Health Treatment: United States data is updated yearly, averaging 0.100 % from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2014, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.800 % in 2008 and a record low of 0.000 % in 2009. Malaysia Tourist Arrival: Health Treatment: United States data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Tourism Malaysia. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Malaysia – Table MY.Q006: Tourist Arrivals By Purpose of Visit.

In 2023, inbound visitor numbers to the Middle East grew by almost 40 percent. The Middle East is witnessing a robust recovery in tourism, indicating a positive trend following the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and the subsequent travel restrictions.

MENA tourism types

Tourism in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region reached approximately six percent of the total worldwide tourist arrivals in 2018 according to United Nations World Tourism Organization. The number of tourism arrivals in the MENA region in 2018 exceeded 60 million, of which 15.8 million were received in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Tourism is one of the main pillars on which the MENA economies depend on. The efforts to diversify their oil-based economies have placed further importance on the tourism industry. Tourism in the MENA region includes business, leisure, health and wellness, religious, cultural, and shopping tourism. Morocco was the leading country in wellness tourism in 2015 with about 2.5 million visitors.

The MENA region has a variety of natural, cultural, heritage, and religious assets such as the Giza Pyramids in Egypt and the Al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem. In addition to the MENA region’s UNESCO World Heritage Lists’ ancient monuments and archaeological sites, they also have world-leading man-made attractions such as the Burg Khalifa and Atlantis City in Dubai, as well as lavish malls and shopping centers. The UAE was rated the most competitive tourism destination in the MENA region in 2018 with a score of 4.4 out of seven points according to the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index.

MENA tourism trends

The emirate of Dubai in the UAE had the highest value of international tourist receipts of more than 21 billion U.S. dollars in 2018. The total value for the entire MENA region was 73 billion U.S. dollars. The most popular online travel company among MENA region tourists in 2018 was booking.com. Tourism arrivals in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries were expected to surpass 64.3 million tourists by 2020.

The contribution of the industry to the MENA job market was projected to reach 7.2 million jobs by 2028. However, in 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic affected the travel and tourism sector significantly. More than 60 percent of business owners in the Gulf Cooperation Council in that year reported their businesses being impacted by travel difficulties and restrictions).

Abstract

The Management Practices Survey was conducted in Sri Lanka by the World Bank between June and November 2011. The survey was administered to a representative sample of firms in the non-agricultural formal private economy. Data from 836 establishments in services, manufacturing, ICT manufacturing and services, hospitality and health sectors was analyzed.

The objective of the survey was to obtain feedback from enterprises on the state of the private sector in Sri Lanka. The topics included infrastructure, sales and supplies, finance, regulations, business-government relations, corruption, informality, use of information and communications technology, labor, perceptions about obstacles to doing business, and operational practices in product and process innovation and management. Health care providers and tourism firms were also asked industry specific questions.

Three survey instruments were used in the research. Management Practices across Sectors Questionnaire was administered to manufacturing and services firms, Health Sector Questionnaire was used for private health providers, and hospitality firms were interviewed with the help of Tourism Sector Questionnaire.

This study was carried out simultaneously with Sri Lanka Enterprise Survey, also an initiative of the World Bank. The Management Practices Survey and Enterprise Surveys have similar sampling and implementation techniques, and for some topics - corresponding questions.

Geographic coverage

National

Analysis unit

The primary sampling unit of the study is the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe

The whole population, or universe of the study, is the non-agricultural economy. It comprises: all manufacturing sectors according to the group classification of ISIC Revision 3.1: (group D), construction sector (group F), services sector (groups G and H), and transport, storage, and communications sector (group I). Note that this definition excludes the following sectors: financial intermediation (group J), real estate and renting activities (group K, except sub-sector 72, IT, which was added to the population under study), and all public or utilities-sectors. The universe also included private health care providers.

Kind of data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure

The sample for Sri Lanka was selected using stratified random sampling. Three levels of stratification were used: industry, establishment size, and region.

For industry stratification, the universe was divided into three manufacturing sectors, two services industries, and two residual sectors. Each industry had a target of 120 interviews, while the residual sectors had a target of 100 interviews each.

Size stratification was defined the following way: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (more than 99 employees). For stratification purposes, the number of employees was defined on the basis of reported permanent full-time workers. Size stratification was not possible in the ICT manufacturing and services, health, and tourism sectors as the lists used did not contain size information.

Regional stratification was defined by nine regions: Eastern, Western, Southern, Central, Northern, North-Central, North-West, Uva, Sabaragamuwa.

Several sampling frames were used in the survey. The first sample frame was obtained from the Department of Census and Statistics (DCS) of Sri Lanka, the information was from 2003. Additional lists were used to supplement the DCS frame for the IT, health and tourism sectors. These lists were from: - ICT/Computer Association; - Federation of Information Technology Industry Sri Lanka; - Sri Lanka Association of Software and Service Companies; - Sri Lanka Tourism Promotion Bureau; - Local Chamber of Commerce/Trade Associations.

The quality of the frame was assessed at the onset of the project through calls to a random subset of firms, and local contractor knowledge. The sample frame was not immune from the typical problems found in establishment surveys: positive rates of non-eligibility, repetition, non-existent units, etc. Due to response rate and ineligibility issues, additional sample had to be extracted by Department of Census and Statistics of Sri Lanka and the World Bank in order to obtain enough eligible contacts and meet the sample targets.

Given the impact that non-eligible units included in the sample universe may have on the results, adjustments may be needed when computing the appropriate weights for individual observations. The percentage of confirmed non-eligible units as a proportion of the total number of sampled establishments contacted for the survey was 54% (860 out of 1593 establishments).

Breaking down by industry, the following numbers of establishments were surveyed: food - 121, light manufacturing - 125, ICT manufacturing and services - 106, other manufacturing - 116, private healthcare services - 120, tourism related services - 124, and other services - 124.

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The following survey instruments are available: - Management Practices across Sectors Questionnaire; - Tourism Sector Questionnaire; - Health Sector Questionnaire; - Screener Questionnaire.

Management Practices across Sectors Questionnaire is a core questionnaire. It is based on the Enterprise Surveys questionnaire, but adds some specific questions relevant to management practices. Tourism Sector Questionnaire adds to the core specific questions relevant to the tourism industry. Similarly, Health Sector Questionnaire contains many of the core items from the first questionnaire, but is custom tailored to the technology and services present in the health sector.

Cleaning operations

Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks, callbacks, and revisiting establishments.

Response rate

The number of contacted establishments per realized interview was 1.39. This number is the result of two factors: explicit refusals to participate in the survey, as reflected by the rate of rejection (which includes rejections of the screener and the main survey) and the quality of the sample frame, as represented by the presence of ineligible units. The number of rejections per contact was 0.287.

Item non-response was addressed by two strategies: a- For sensitive questions that may generate negative reactions from the respondent, such as corruption or tax evasion, enumerators were instructed to collect the refusal to respond as a different option from don’t know. b- Establishments with incomplete information were re-contacted in order to complete this information, whenever necessary.

Survey non-response was addressed by maximizing efforts to contact establishments that were initially selected for interview. Attempts were made to contact the establishment for interview at different times/days of the week before a replacement establishment (with similar strata characteristics) was suggested for interview. Survey non-response did occur but substitutions were made in order to potentially achieve strata-specific goals.

Total-Revenue Time Series for Shanghai Yanhua Smartech Group. Shanghai Yanhua Smartech Group Co., Ltd. engages in the construction and operation of smart cities. The company is involved in smart parks, energy saving, environmental protection, medical, tourism, building, hotels, police, data centers, and smart solutions. It also provides software platform. Shanghai Yanhua Smartech Group Co., Ltd. was founded in 2006 and is headquartered in Shanghai, China.

The number of international tourist arrivals in Belgium increased sharply in 2023 over the previous year, nearly equaling the figure reported in 2019, before the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. After declining to under ************* with the onset of the health crisis, inbound tourism arrivals totaled *** million in 2023, just *** percent below the peak in travelers from 2019.

Selling-General-and-Administrative Time Series for Shanghai Yanhua Smartech Group. Shanghai Yanhua Smartech Group Co., Ltd. engages in the construction and operation of smart cities. The company is involved in smart parks, energy saving, environmental protection, medical, tourism, building, hotels, police, data centers, and smart solutions. It also provides software platform. Shanghai Yanhua Smartech Group Co., Ltd. was founded in 2006 and is headquartered in Shanghai, China.

In 2024, international tourists in Portugal spent approximately 56.5 million nights at accommodation establishments. 2021 registered an increase of 53 percent of overnight stays by inbound visitors over the previous year. In 2020, the number of overnight stays by foreign visitors in the European country had dropped to only 12.2 million due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.

出境旅客：用于保健在12-01-2011达32,775.000人，相较于12-01-2010的28,806.000人有所增长。出境旅客：用于保健数据按年更新，12-01-2005至12-01-2011期间平均值为26,473.000人，共7份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于12-01-2011，达32,775.000人，而历史最低值则出现于12-01-2006，为18,381.000人。CEIC提供的出境旅客：用于保健数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于Ministerio de Turismo，数据归类于Global Database的委内瑞拉 – 表 VE.Q002：出境旅客。