M2T1NXFLX (or tavg1_2d_flx_Nx) is an hourly time-averaged 2-dimensional data collection in Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2). This collection consists of assimilated surface flux diagnostics, such as total precipitation, bias corrected total precipitation, surface air temperature, surface specific humidity, surface wind speed, and evaporation from turbulence. The “surface” in this data collection is the model surface layer. The heights of the model surface layer (HLML) vary with time and location, with the value of ~60 meter above ground. The data field is time-stamped with the central time of an hour starting from 00:30 UTC, e.g.: 00:30, 01:30, … , 23:30 UTC. MERRA-2 is the latest version of global atmospheric reanalysis for the satellite era produced by NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) using the Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS) version 5.12.4. The dataset covers the period of 1980-present with the latency of ~3 weeks after the end of a month. Data Reprocessing: Please check “Records of MERRA-2 Data Reprocessing and Service Changes” linked from the “Documentation” tab on this page. Note that a reprocessed data filename is different from the original file. MERRA-2 Mailing List: Sign up to receive information on reprocessing of data, changing of tools and services, as well as data announcements from GMAO. Contact the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov) to be added to the list. Questions: If you have a question, please read "MERRA-2 File Specification Document", “MERRA-2 Data Access – Quick Start Guide”, and FAQs linked from the ”Documentation” tab on this page. If that does not answer your question, you may email the question on data access to the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov), or the question on science to the MERRA-2 science team (merra-questions@lists.nasa.gov).

M2TMNXADG (or tavgM_2d_adg_Nx) is a time-averaged 2-dimensional monthly mean data collection in Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2). This collection consists of assimilated aerosol diagnostics (extended), such as dry and wet deposition of each aerosol component, dust emission and sedimentation for each sized bin, and organic carbon convective scavenging. The collection also includes variance of certain parameters.

MERRA-2 is the latest version of global atmospheric reanalysis for the satellite era produced by NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) using the Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS) version 5.12.4. The dataset covers the period of 1980-present with the latency of ~3 weeks after the end of a month.

Data Reprocessing: Please check “Records of MERRA-2 Data Reprocessing and Service Changes” linked from the “Documentation” tab on this page. Note that a reprocessed data filename is different from the original file.

MERRA-2 Mailing List: Sign up to receive information on reprocessing of data, changing of tools and services, as well as data announcements from GMAO. Contact the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov) to be added to the list.

Questions: If you have a question, please read "MERRA-2 File Specification Document", “MERRA-2 Data Access – Quick Start Guide”, and FAQs linked from the ”Documentation” tab on this page. If that does not answer your question, you may email the question on data access to the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov), or the question on science to the MERRA-2 science team (merra-questions@lists.nasa.gov).

M2T1NXRAD (or tavg1_2d_rad_Nx) is an hourly time-averaged data collection in Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2). This collection consists of radiation diagnostics, such as surface albedo, cloud area fraction, in cloud optical thickness, surface incoming shortwave flux (i.e. solar radiation), surface net downward shortwave flux, and …

M2IUNPANA (or instU_3d_ana_Np) is an instantaneous 3-dimensional monthly diurnal means data collection in Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2). This collection consists of analyzed meteorological fields at 42 pressure levels, such as temperature, wind components, specific humidity, ozone mixing ratio, and geopotential height. It is the monthly mean of data fields every six hour starting from 00:00 UTC, e.g.: 00:00, 06:00, … , 18:00 UTC. The information on the pressure levels can be found in the section 4.2 of the MERRA-2 File Specification document. MERRA-2 is the latest version of global atmospheric reanalysis for the satellite era produced by NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) using the Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS) version 5.12.4. The dataset covers the period of 1980-present with the latency of ~3 weeks after the end of a month. Data Reprocessing: Please check “Records of MERRA-2 Data Reprocessing and Service Changes” linked from the “Documentation” tab on this page. Note that a reprocessed data filename is different from the original file. MERRA-2 Mailing List: Sign up to receive information on reprocessing of data, changing of tools and services, as well as data announcements from GMAO. Contact the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov) to be added to the list. Questions: If you have a question, please read "MERRA-2 File Specification Document", “MERRA-2 Data Access – Quick Start Guide”, and FAQs linked from the ”Documentation” tab on this page. If that does not answer your question, you may email the question on data access to the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov), or the question on science to the MERRA-2 science team (merra-questions@lists.nasa.gov).

M2T1NXFLX (or tavg1_2d_flx_Nx) is an hourly time-averaged data collection in Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2). This collection consists of assimilated surface flux diagnostics, such as total precipitation, bias corrected total precipitation, surface air temperature, surface specific humidity, surface wind speed, and evaporation from turbulence. The "surface" in this data collection is the model surface layer. The heights of the model surface layer (HLML) vary with time and location, with the value of ~60 meters above ground. The data field is time-stamped with the central time of an hour starting from 00:30 UTC, e.g.: 00:30, 01:30, ... , 23:30 UTC. MERRA-2 is the latest version of global atmospheric reanalysis for the satellite era produced by NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) using the Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS) version 5.12.4. The dataset covers the period of 1980-present with the latency of ~3 weeks after the end of a month.

M2T1NXAER (or tavg1_2d_aer_Nx) is an hourly time-averaged 2-dimensional data collection in Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2). This collection consists of assimilated aerosol diagnostics, such as column mass density of aerosol components (black carbon, dust, sea-salt, sulfate, and organic carbon), surface mass concentration of aerosol components, and total extinction (and scattering) aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 550 nm. The total PM1.0, PM2.5, and PM10 may be derived with the formula described in the in the FAQ The data field is time-stamped with the central time of an hour starting from 00:30 UTC, e.g.: 00:30, 01:30, ... , 23:30 UTC. MERRA-2 is the latest version of global atmospheric reanalysis for the satellite era produced by NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) using the Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS) version 5.12.4. The dataset covers the period of 1980-present with the latency of ~3 weeks after the end of a month.

M2C0NXLND (or const_2d_lnd_Nx) is a data collection in Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2). This collection consists of 2-dimensional constant land surface parameters, such as thickness of the predefined soil layers, soil porosity, and soil wilting point. MERRA-2 is the latest version of global atmospheric reanalysis for the satellite era produced by NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) using the Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS) version 5.12.4. MERRA-2 Mailing List: Sign up to receive information on reprocessing of data, changing of tools and services, as well as data announcements from GMAO. Contact the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov) to be added to the list. Questions: If you have a question, please read "MERRA-2 File Specification Document", “MERRA-2 Data Access – Quick Start Guide”, and FAQs linked from the ”Documentation” tab on this page. If that does not answer your question, you may email the question on data access to the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov), or the question on science to the MERRA-2 science team (merra-questions@lists.nasa.gov).

Atmospheric Forcing data, regridded from the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA2) data and prepared as meteorological variables to run CESM and WRF simulations.

This is an atmospheric hindcast for Western Europe and the North Atlantic using COSMO-CLM version 5.0 with spectral nudging from 2002-2017. MERRA2 reanalysis data are used as forcing. Additionally transient and monthly aerosol data of the MACv2 climatology are prescribed. The model uses a rotated grid with 566 x 481 grid points and a grid point distance of 0.0625 degrees, the rotated North pole is located at 162.0 W, 39.25 N. The published data excludes the sponge zone and have 526 x 441 grid points. In rotated coordinates the published simulation data extends from 22.64 W to 10.18 E, 11.2 S to 16.3 N, in geographical coordinates this corresponds to about 12 W to 30 E, 39 N to 60 N. institution: Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Coastal Research, Germany source: int2lm_131101_2.00_clm4, COSMO-CLM5.0_clm14_aerosol_gust (available at DKRZ's LTA WDCC service), http://www.cosmo-model.org/content/model/documentation/core/default.htm contact: http://coastmod.hzg.de originator: Ronny Petrik crs: EPSG:4326

The Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2) is a NASA atmospheric reanalysis for the satellite era using the Goddard Earth Observing System Model, Version 5 (GEOS-5) with its Atmospheric Data Assimilation System (ADAS), version 5.12.4. The MERRA project focuses on historical climate analyses for a broad range of weather and climate time scales and places the NASA EOS suite of observations in a climate context.

MERRA-2 was initiated as an intermediate project between the aging MERRA data and the next generation of Earth system analysis envisioned for the future coupled reanalysis. Without a substantial investment to update MERRA's data assimilation routines, the system lacked the capability to analyze the latest observations. In addition, numerous advances to the GEOS5 system had been implemented since freezing the MERRA system in 2008. Therefore, a new full reanalysis integration was undertaken. MERRA-2 covers the period 1980-present, continuing as an ongoing climate analysis as resources allow.

Sign Up for the MERRA-2 Mailing List

Sign up for the MERRA-2 listserv to receive announcements on the latest data information, tools and services that become available, data announcements from GMAO and more! Contact the GES DISC User Services (gsfc-help-disc@lists.nasa.gov) to be added to the list.

MERRA-2 Science Data and Data Processing Questions

Do you have a question about MERRA/MERRA-2? Take a look at the File Specification Document (https://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/pubs/docs/Bosilovich785.pdf) and if that doesn't answer your question, users can contact staff with questions on the data, data processing and science. Send questions to merra-questions@lists.nasa.gov.

SpatioTemporal Asset Catalog (STAC) Item - M2_TMAX_PM25.1:MERRA2.avgM_2d_pm25_admin0x_pw.v01.19800101-20221231.csv in M2_TMAX_PM25_1

M2T1NXLND (or tavg1_2d_lnd_Nx) is an hourly time-averaged data collection in Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2). This collection consists of land surface diagnostics, such a baseflow flux, runoff, surface soil wetness, root zone soil wetness, water at surface layer, water at root zone layer, and soil temperature at six layers. The data field is time-stamped with the central time of an hour starting from 00:30 UTC, e.g.: 00:30, 01:30, ... , 23:30 UTC. MERRA-2 is the latest version of global atmospheric reanalysis for the satellite era produced by NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) using the Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS) version 5.12.4. The dataset covers the period of 1980-present with the latency of ~3 weeks after the end of a month.

M2IMNPANA (or instM_3d_ana_Np) is an instantaneous 3-dimensional monthly mean data collection in Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2). This collection consists of analyzed meteorological fields at 42 pressure levels, such as temperature, wind components, specific humidity, ozone mixing ratio, and geopotential height. The information on the pressure levels can be found in the section 4.2 of the MERRA-2 File Specification document. The collection also includes certain quadratic information (such as the variance and covariance of certain parameters). MERRA-2 is the latest version of global atmospheric reanalysis for the satellite era produced by NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) using the Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS) version 5.12.4. The dataset covers the period of 1980-present with the latency of ~3 weeks after the end of a month. Data Reprocessing: Please check “Records of MERRA-2 Data Reprocessing and Service Changes” linked from the “Documentation” tab on this page. Note that a reprocessed data filename is different from the original file. MERRA-2 Mailing List: Sign up to receive information on reprocessing of data, changing of tools and services, as well as data announcements from GMAO. Contact the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov) to be added to the list. Questions: If you have a question, please read "MERRA-2 File Specification Document", “MERRA-2 Data Access – Quick Start Guide”, and FAQs linked from the ”Documentation” tab on this page. If that does not answer your question, you may email the question on data access to the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov), or the question on science to the MERRA-2 science team (merra-questions@lists.nasa.gov).

This dataset provides daily and zonal mean variables derived from the MERRA-2 reanalysis, including terms of the transformed Eulerian mean (TEM) momentum budget.

All variables (zonal, meridional and vertical wind speed, temperature, zonal wind tendencies from Eliassen-Palm (EP) flux divergence and advection, EP fluxes and the residual streamfunction) are obtained from 6-hourly and native vertical and spatial resolution data of the 'Assimilated' (ASM, M2I3NVASM) collection. Zonal mean wind tendency from gravity wave drag is also provided, obtained from the M2T3NPUDT collection.

Data are provided as one .zip file per decade (only partial for the 2020s). Monthly means of the same quantities are provided in a companion dataset.

The data and related documentation are provided 'as is' and without any warranty of any kind. Users are invited to report any issue or inconsistency they may find. Please cite the reference publication when using this dataset.

Known issues:

- All TEM terms divided by \(cos(\phi)\) diverge at the north and south poles (where \(\phi = \pm \pi/2\)), so they should not be considered. If variables at the poles are needed, values at neighbouring latitudes should be taken.

M2T1NXRAD (or tavg1_2d_rad_Nx) is an hourly time-averaged 2-dimensional data collection in Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2). This collection consists of radiation diagnostics, such as surface albedo, cloud area fraction, in cloud optical thickness, surface incoming shortwave flux (i.e. solar radiation), surface net downward shortwave flux, and upwelling longwave flux at toa (top of atmosphere) (i.e. outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) at toa). The data field is time-stamped with the central time of an hour starting from 00:30 UTC, e.g.: 00:30, 01:30, … , 23:30 UTC. MERRA-2 is the latest version of global atmospheric reanalysis for the satellite era produced by NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) using the Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS) version 5.12.4. The dataset covers the period of 1980-present with the latency of ~3 weeks after the end of a month. Data Reprocessing: Please check “Records of MERRA-2 Data Reprocessing and Service Changes” linked from the “Documentation” tab on this page. Note that a reprocessed data filename is different from the original file. MERRA-2 Mailing List: Sign up to receive information on reprocessing of data, changing of tools and services, as well as data announcements from GMAO. Contact the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov) to be added to the list. Questions: If you have a question, please read "MERRA-2 File Specification Document", “MERRA-2 Data Access – Quick Start Guide”, and FAQs linked from the ”Documentation” tab on this page. If that does not answer your question, you may email the question on data access to the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov), or the question on science to the MERRA-2 science team (merra-questions@lists.nasa.gov).

Context

Satellite data, measured using MERRA2. MERRA2 stands for Modern-**E**ra Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2.

Data files

Each data file contains the measurement data for entire Earth, for a specific month. The year and month is specified in the file name, with the pattern YYYYMM. The data is from Jan 2019 to April 2020.

Data format

The data is in nc4 format. You can learn how to read such format from here: How to read and plot NetCDF MERRA-2 data in Python.

M2TUNXCSP (or tavgU_2d_csp_Nx) is a time-averaged 2-dimensional monthly diurnal means data collection in Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2). This collection consists of parameters from CFMIP Observations Simulator Package(COSP), such as ISCCP total cloud area fraction, MODIS cloud fraction water (ice) mean, MODIS cloud fraction low (mid,high) mean, modis cloud particle size water (ice) mean. CFMIP is the abbreviation of Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project. This data collection is the monthly mean of data fields for each hour and time-stamped with the central time of an hour starting from 00:30 UTC, e.g.: 00:30, 01:30, … , 23:30 UTC.

MERRA-2 is the latest version of global atmospheric reanalysis for the satellite era produced by NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) using the Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS) version 5.12.4. The dataset covers the period of 1980-present with the latency of ~3 weeks after the end of a month.

Data Reprocessing: Please check “Records of MERRA-2 Data Reprocessing and Service Changes” linked from the “Documentation” tab on this page. Note that a reprocessed data filename is different from the original file.

MERRA-2 Mailing List: Sign up to receive information on reprocessing of data, changing of tools and services, as well as data announcements from GMAO. Contact the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov) to be added to the list.

Questions: If you have a question, please read "MERRA-2 File Specification Document", “MERRA-2 Data Access – Quick Start Guide”, and FAQs linked from the ”Documentation” tab on this page. If that does not answer your question, you may email the question on data access to the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov), or the question on science to the MERRA-2 science team (merra-questions@lists.nasa.gov).

This dataset was produced with the offline B-TIM model and MERRA2 forcing (temperature and precipitation) -- code (https://zenodo.org/records/10044951)

M2I6NVANA (or inst6_3d_ana_Nv) is an instantaneous 3-dimensional 6-hourly data collection in Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2). This collection consists of analized meteorological fields at 72 model layers, such as temperature, wind components,specific humidity, and layer pressure thickness. The data field is available every six hour starting from 00:00 UTC, e.g.: 00:00, 06:00, … , 18:00 UTC. Section 4.2 of the MERRA-2 File Specification document provides pressure values nominal for a 1000 hPa surface pressure and refers to the top edge of the layer. The lev=1 is for the top layer, and lev=72 is for the bottom (or surface) model layer. MERRA-2 is the latest version of global atmospheric reanalysis for the satellite era produced by NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) using the Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS) version 5.12.4. The dataset covers the period of 1980-present with the latency of ~3 weeks after the end of a month. Data Reprocessing: Please check “Records of MERRA-2 Data Reprocessing and Service Changes” linked from the “Documentation” tab on this page. Note that a reprocessed data filename is different from the original file. MERRA-2 Mailing List: Sign up to receive information on reprocessing of data, changing of tools and services, as well as data announcements from GMAO. Contact the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov) to be added to the list. Questions: If you have a question, please read "MERRA-2 File Specification Document", “MERRA-2 Data Access – Quick Start Guide”, and FAQs linked from the ”Documentation” tab on this page. If that does not answer your question, you may email the question on data access to the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov), or the question on science to the MERRA-2 science team (merra-questions@lists.nasa.gov).

M2T1NXCHM (or tavg1_2d_chm_Nx) is an hourly time-averaged 2-dimensional data collection in Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2). This collection consists of assimilated carbon monoxide and ozone diagnostics, such as properties of carbon monoxide (column burden, emission, chemical production, and surface concentration), and total column ozone. The data field is time-stamped with the central time of an hour starting from 00:30 UTC, e.g.: 00:30, 01:30, … , 23:30 UTC.

MERRA-2 is the latest version of global atmospheric reanalysis for the satellite era produced by NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) using the Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS) version 5.12.4. The dataset covers the period of 1980-present with the latency of ~3 weeks after the end of a month.

Data Reprocessing: Please check “Records of MERRA-2 Data Reprocessing and Service Changes” linked from the “Documentation” tab on this page. Note that a reprocessed data filename is different from the original file.

MERRA-2 Mailing List: Sign up to receive information on reprocessing of data, changing of tools and services, as well as data announcements from GMAO. Contact the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov) to be added to the list.

Questions: If you have a question, please read "MERRA-2 File Specification Document", “MERRA-2 Data Access – Quick Start Guide”, and FAQs linked from the ”Documentation” tab on this page. If that does not answer your question, you may email the question on data access to the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov), or the question on science to the MERRA-2 science team (merra-questions@lists.nasa.gov).