Saudi Arabia hourly climate integrated surface data with the below data observations, WindSky conditionVisibilityAir temperatureDewSea level pressureNote: The dataset will contain the last 5 years hourly data, however, check the attachments section in this dataset if you need historical data.

In December 2022, the maximum temperature measured at Riyadh-King Khalid International Airport (KKIA) weather station in Saudi Arabia was 21.4 degrees Celsius. The month of January also did not witness maximum temperatures exceeding 21.4 degrees Celsius. August, on the other hand, recorded the hottest day of the year, at 45.6 degrees Celsius.

Saudi Arabia Maximum 5-day Rainfall: 25-year Return Level data was reported at 3.625 mm in 2050. Saudi Arabia Maximum 5-day Rainfall: 25-year Return Level data is updated yearly, averaging 3.625 mm from Dec 2050 (Median) to 2050, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.625 mm in 2050 and a record low of 3.625 mm in 2050. Saudi Arabia Maximum 5-day Rainfall: 25-year Return Level data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Saudi Arabia – Table SA.World Bank.WDI: Environmental: Climate Risk. A 25-year return level of the 5-day cumulative precipitation is the maximum precipitation sum over any 5-day period that can be expected once in an average 25-year period.;World Bank, Climate Change Knowledge Portal (https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org);;

In December 2022, the minimum temperature measured at Jeddah KAIA (King Abdulaziz International Airport) weather station in Saudi Arabia was 17.4 degrees Celsius. January and February recorded the lowest temperatures in 2022, dropping to a low of 15.1 and 16.2 degrees Celsius, respectively. July, on the other hand, recorded the highest minimum temperature at 27.4 degrees Celsius.

This dataset contains Riyadh Air Quality for 2019 - 2020. Data from The General Authority of Meteorology & Environmental Protection. Follow datasource.kapsarc.org for timely data to advance energy economics research.

Saudi Arabia Heating Degree Days data was reported at 508.370 Degrees Celsius in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 445.930 Degrees Celsius for 2019. Saudi Arabia Heating Degree Days data is updated yearly, averaging 630.520 Degrees Celsius from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2020, with 51 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,038.070 Degrees Celsius in 1972 and a record low of 402.990 Degrees Celsius in 2010. Saudi Arabia Heating Degree Days data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Saudi Arabia – Table SA.World Bank.WDI: Environmental: Climate Risk. A heating degree day (HDD) is a measurement designed to track energy use. It is the number of degrees that a day's average temperature is below 18°C (65°F). Daily degree days are accumulated to obtain annual values.;World Bank, Climate Change Knowledge Portal. https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org;;

Temperature in Saudi Arabia increased to 26.52 celsius in 2023 from 26.32 celsius in 2022. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Saudi Arabia Temperature.

Ground-based studies of the smoke and air quality from the Kuwait oil fires were carried out in 1991 at the end of the Persian Gulf War. Over 600 oil wells, storage tanks, and refineries were ignited by the Iraqi army as they fled Kuwait in Frebuary 1991. The fires produced large smoke plumes which had a significant environmental effect on the Persian Gulf region. Ground-based observations of the meteorology and air quality in the Persian Gulf region consist of both land-based surface observations and land-based upper air observations.

Land-based surface observations consisted of: 1) MEPA - Mobile Air Quality Stations operating at 6 sites in Saudi Arabia. These stations measured meteorological parameters (pressure, relative humidity, temperature, and wind speed and direction), air chemistry (H2S,NH3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), nitrous oxide (N2O), ozone and sulfur dioxide (SO2), and visible radiation; (2) National Meteorological Center (NMC) meteorological data from many different sites/airports/military installations in the Persian Gulf region; (3) wind measurements from 13 meteorological towers in Kuwait; (4) Obirin University, Tokyo, Japan air quality measurements at various sites in Kuwait City; (5) SAIC (sponsored by DNA) radiometers collected at the University of Bahrain and the Bahrain Meteorological Office. These include measurements from monochromators, Epply pyranometers, ultraviolet radiometers, and rotating shadowband radiometers.

Upper air measurements and meteorological observations were obtained by the NMC at different ground sites throughout the Persian Gulf region.

The Kuwait oil fire ground-observation data are organized by site. There were about 80-90 sites where measurements were conducted. The ground-based data can be ordered on-line at the Kuwait Data Archive (KUDA) via internet: telnet kuda.atd.ucar.edu (login: kuda; password: science). Access software is available to read the data and browse the metadata.

Also see the KuDA Home Page at:

'http://www.atd.ucar.edu/kuwait/kuda_title.html'

This dataset contains Number of Rain Observed by PME MET Stations from 2005-2018. Data from Open Data, Saudi Arabia. .Follow datasource.kapsarc.org for timely data to advance energy economics research.

In 2022, the annual average precipitation in Saudi Arabia was 99 millimeters. This was the highest precipitation level since 2018 when it reached an all-time high of 127 millimeters.

This statistic presents the results of a survey on the Saudi Arabian perception of the world's fight with climate change as of November 2018. According to data published by Ipsos, around 59 percent of respondents in Saudi Arabia agreed that most of the world’s countries were doing what was appropriate and reasonable to fight climate change. Approximately 17 percent of respondents strongly agreed with this statement.

Saudi Arabia Cooling Degree Days data was reported at 5,932.050 Degrees Celsius in 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 5,998.440 Degrees Celsius for 2019. Saudi Arabia Cooling Degree Days data is updated yearly, averaging 5,337.780 Degrees Celsius from Dec 1970 (Median) to 2020, with 51 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6,177.070 Degrees Celsius in 2017 and a record low of 4,471.960 Degrees Celsius in 1971. Saudi Arabia Cooling Degree Days data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Saudi Arabia – Table SA.World Bank.WDI: Environmental: Climate Risk. A cooling degree day (CDD) is a measurement designed to track energy use. It is the number of degrees that a day's average temperature is above 18°C (65°F). Daily degree days are accumulated to obtain annual values.;World Bank, Climate Change Knowledge Portal. https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org;;

Contains data from the World Bank's data portal covering the following topics which also exist as individual datasets on HDX: Agriculture and Rural Development, Aid Effectiveness, Economy and Growth, Education, Energy and Mining, Environment, Financial Sector, Health, Infrastructure, Social Protection and Labor, Private Sector, Public Sector, Science and Technology, Social Development, Urban Development, Gender, Climate Change, External Debt, Trade.

This dataset contains air quality measurements collected from urban locations in Saudi Arabia, focusing on pollutants and meteorological parameters. It is designed for machine learning-based source classification (e.g., Traffic, Industrial, Biomass) and pollutant level forecasting. The dataset is inspired by the UCI Air Quality dataset but extended with a Source label for supervised classification tasks.

The dataset includes timestamped readings of key gases like CO, NMHC, NOx, NO₂, O₃, and supporting meteorological factors such as temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and absolute humidity (AH).

Key Features 📅 Timestamped Records: Includes Date and Time fields for time-series analysis.

🧪 Pollutant Concentrations:

CO(GT): Carbon monoxide

NMHC(GT): Non-methane hydrocarbons

C6H6(GT): Benzene

NOx(GT) and NO2(GT): Nitrogen oxides

🌫️ Sensor Outputs: PT08.S1–S5 indicating sensor responses to gases.

🌡️ Meteorological Data:

T: Ambient temperature

RH: Relative humidity

AH: Absolute humidity

🏷️ Target Column:

Source: Manually labeled as Traffic, Industrial, or Biomass for classification tasks.

🔄 Modeling Support: Suitable for both classification (source identification) and regression (pollutant prediction).

Saudi Arabia SA: Official Development Assistance: % of Total ODA: Climate Change Mitigation data was reported at 0.000 % in 2021. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 % for 2020. Saudi Arabia SA: Official Development Assistance: % of Total ODA: Climate Change Mitigation data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 % from Dec 2015 (Median) to 2021, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 % in 2021 and a record low of 0.000 % in 2021. Saudi Arabia SA: Official Development Assistance: % of Total ODA: Climate Change Mitigation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Saudi Arabia – Table SA.OECD.GGI: Environmental: Environmental Policy, Taxes and Transfers: Non OECD Member: Annual.

This dataset contains Saudi Arabia Average Atmospheric Pressure (in HP=MB) Observed By PME MET Stations General Authority for Statistics.Follow datasource.kapsarc.org for timely data to advance energy economics research.

This dataset contains Saudi Arabia Average Relative Humidity for the period 2014-2019. Data from general authority statistics.Follow datasource.kapsarc.org for timely data to advance energy economics research.

AbstractClimate change - reflected in significant environmental changes such as warming, sea level rise, shifts in salinity, oxygen and other ocean conditions - is expected to impact marine organisms and associated fisheries. This study provides an assessment of the potential impacts on, and the vulnerability of, marine biodiversity and fisheries catches in the Arabian Gulf under climate change. To this end, using three separate niche modelling approaches under a 'business-as-usual' climate change scenario, we projected the future habitat suitability of the Arabian Gulf for 55 expert-identified priority species, including charismatic and non-fish species. Second, we conducted a vulnerability assessment of national economies to climate change impacts on fisheries. The modelling outputs suggested a high rate of local extinction (up to 35% of initial species richness) by 2090 relative to 2010. Spatially, projected local extinctions are highest in the southwestern part of the Arabian Gulf, off the coast of Saudi Arabia, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). While the projected patterns provided useful indicators of climate change impacts on the region's diversity, the magnitude of changes in habitat suitability are more uncertain. Fisheries-specific results suggested reduced future catch potential for several countries on the western side of the Arabian Gulf, with projections differing only slightly between models. Qatar and the UAE were particularly affected, with more than a 26% drop in future fish catch potential. Integrating changes in catch potential with socio-economic indicators suggested the fisheries of Bahrain and Iran may be most vulnerable to climate change. We discuss limitations of the indicators and the methods used, as well as the implications of our overall findings for conservation and fisheries management policies in the region.

The size of the Saudi Arabia Satellite-based Earth Observation Market was valued at USD 0.12 Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 0.23 Million by 2032, with an expected CAGR of 10.02% during the forecast period. The Saudi Arabia satellite-based earth observation market describes the use of satellite technology for gathering information and monitoring various environmental, agricultural, urban, and geopolitical factors in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Satellite-based Earth observation is the technology involving the launch of remote sensing satellites for acquiring high-resolution images and data, which can then be analyzed to obtain insights into land use, climate change, natural resource management, disaster monitoring, and urban planning. As Saudi Arabia continues to adopt a transformation of its economy into a more diversified one under Vision 2030, satellite-based Earth observation plays a crucial role supporting country's goals toward sustainable development, infrastructure growth, and environmental preservation. These technologies are also used to monitor environmental conditions such as desertification, water resources, and levels of pollution, and track urbanization patterns and infrastructure projects. Moreover, earth observation satellites have aided in the improvement of agriculture, optimal water use, and better management of disasters, which happen to be an essential requirement for the country since it is exposed to extreme climate conditions. Progressions in satellite technology, such as cheaper and smaller satellites, also add to the reasons why this market in Saudi Arabia is growing. Advances in Saudi government and private sector investment in space-related initiatives also contribute to the growth of this market in Saudi Arabia. Recent developments include: April 2023 - King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) successfully launched a Cubesat satellite with its partner Spire Global on the SpaceX Transporter-7 mission from Vandenberg Space Force Base in the US. The satellite's mission is to capture high-quality, high-resolution data from worldwide terrestrial, coastal, and ocean ecosystems to assist Saudi Arabia in observing and characterizing its unique natural resources. Aside from improving Earth observation capabilities, the satellite will produce data to aid in advancing Vision 2030 goals, particularly those connected to environmental protection and restoration., March 2023 - AALTO HAPS signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with stc Group on the introduction of HAPS-based solutions to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The company's solutions will enable stc to expand its geographical coverage to rural and distant locations that are currently unconnected. Furthermore, HAPS solutions can be utilized to supplement coverage during crucial events and can be swiftly and readily deployed in the event of a natural disaster. AALTO HAPS is an Airbus company that delivers mobile connection, platform mobility, earth observation, and government applications from its stratospheric Zephyr solar-powered aircraft.. Key drivers for this market are: Rising Demand for the Environmental Monitoring, Growing Need to Generate Big Data to Offer Accurate Insights into Earth Observation. Potential restraints include: Lack of Skilled and Trained Personnel. Notable trends are: Energy and Raw Materials Segment is Anticipated to Grow at a Significant rate.

This dataset contains Saudi Arabia Total Rain Fall (IN mm) Observed by PME MET Station General Authority for Statistics from 2009-2019 , Follow datasource.kapsarc.org for timely data to advance energy economics research.